rundown program october 17-19, 2017 website :

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Rundown Program The 2017 Mulawarman International Conference on Economic and Business (MICEB)

The Novotel Hotel, Balikpapan, Indonesia October 17-19, 2017

Website : http://miceb.feb.unmul.ac.id / Email : [email protected]

Day 1 : Tuesday, 17 October 2017

Room : Borneo A Ballroom, Novotel Hotel

Time Activity

08.00 - 09.00 Registration and morning coffee

08.50 - 09.00 Opening remark: Dean, Faculty of Economic and Business,

Mulawarman University

09.15 - 12.15 Journal article writing workshop

Prof. David Carter (University of Canberra, Australia)

12.15 - 13.30 Lunch break

13.30 - 16.30 Business Case writing workshop

Dr. Wulan I.R Sari (Mulawarman University, Indonesia)

16.30 - 17.00 Coffee break - closing

Day 2 : Wednesday, 18 October 2017

Room : Ballroom A and B, Novotel Hotel

Time Activity

08.00 - 09.00 Registration and Morning Coffee

09.00 - 09.05 Opening

09.05 - 09.15 Indonesian National Anthem: Indonesia Raya

09.15 - 09.45 Welcome Greeting and Opening Remarks:

Felisitas Defung, Ph.d (Chairperson of MICEB)

Prof. Dr. Syarifah Hudayah, M.Si (Dean of FEB, Mulawarman

University)

Prof. Dr. Masjaya, M.Si (Rector, Mulawarman University)

09.45 – 10.30 Keynote speech:

Minister of Finance*)

, Indonesia

10.30 – 12.00

Guest speakers (plenary session I):

Jeremy Clark (Associate Professor, (University of Canterburry, New Zealand)

Professor Worawet Suwanrada (Chulalongkorn University,

Thailand)

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12.00 – 13.00 Lunch Break

13.00 – 14.30 Guest speakers (plenary session II):

Assoc. Prof. David Carter (University of Canberra, Australia)

Prof. Enos Tangke Arung (Mulawarman University, Indonesia)

14.30 – 14.45 Coffee break

14.45 – 16.45 Parallel Session 1

16.45 – 19.00 Break

19.00 – 21.00 Networking Dinner *)

under confirmation

Day 3 : Thuesday, 19 October 2017

Room : Novotel Hotel

Time Activity

08.30 – 09.15 Keynote speech: Bank Indonesia (Ballroom A)

09.15 – 09.45 Coffee Break

09.45 - 12.00 Parallel Session 2*)

12.00 - 13.00 Lunch Break

13.00 - 15.00 Parallel Session 3 *)

15.00 – 15.15 Coffee Break

15.15 - 17.15 Parallel Session 4*)

17.15 – 18.15 Closing *)

See room info in the parallel schedule

Day 4 : Friday, 20 October 2017

Optional One Day Balikpapan Tour (paid program)

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PARALLEL SESSION I

Session: Management 1 Date: Wednesday, 18 October 2017 Time: 14.45 – 16.45 Room: Ballroom B

1 The Effect Of Investment Decision, Funding Decision And Dividend Policy On Company Value Ardina Zahrah Fajaria (Universitas Airlangga)

2 The influence of applying modern tax administration system, awareness of taxpayers on tax compliance by the business entitys on KPP Pratama of Balikpapan. Hairul Anam, Nurlia, (Universitas Balikpapan)

3 Analysis The effect of Investment Opportunity Set (IOS) on the divident policy of contructions companies listed on the Indonesia Stock exchange Siswati Andaswari, Hadi Pitono, Rusdiah Iskandar (Mulawarman University)

4 Turnover Intention Analysis of Life Insurance Industry i samarinda Zainal Ilmi, Robiansyah, Tetra Hidayati (Mulawarman University)

5 Study of Financial Literacy o f Postgraduate Students at Mulawarman University Merlin Sudirman, Zainal Ilmi, and Maryam Nadir (Mulawarman University)

6 The Effect of Internal Factor and External Factor towards Beta and Stocks Returns in the Real Estate Company in Indonesia Stock Exchange Catur Kumala Dewi and Rina Masithoh H (Universitas 17 Agustus 1945)

7 Dividend Institutional Ownership Stability and Debtholder power Zaki Fakhroni (Mulawarman University)

Session: Accounting 1 Date: Wednesday, 18 October 2017 Time: 14.45 – 16.45 Room: Ballroom A

1 Tax Evasion: Is It Ethical Or Unethical? (From Samarinda Taxpayers Perception) Nurhapizah Majid Cornelius Rantelangi, Iskandar (Mulawarman University)

2 The Problems of Taxpayer Compliance : Ethics, Tax Audit and Tax Penalty? Evidence from Samarinda Harista Bangun, Yoremia Lestari Ginting, Rusdiah Iskandar (Mulawarman University)

3 Business Approach Using Ecoeficiency concept in Enhancing Competitive Advantage Based On green product Effort Mochammad Ilyas Junjunan (Airlangga University)

4 Responsibilities of auditor in detecting and preventing of fraud in financial statement: Evidence from Palestinian business environment Abdallah A.A Jabari (Airlangga University)

5 The Effect of Psychological Capital to Free Cash Flow Decisions: Case Study at Indonesia State-Owned Company Yolanda Hartati Sianturi (Airlangga University)

6 How Does Good Corporate Governance Affect The Environmental Performance and Firm Value As Intervening Wiwik Iswati (Airlangga University)

7 Evaluation the Completeness and Effectiveness of Management Control System (MCS) Using Viable System Model (VSM) and Variety Engineering (VE) Carissa Cindy Febiana (Airlangga University)

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PARALLEL SESSION 2

Session: Accounting 2 Date: Thursday, 19 October 2017 Time: 09.45 – 12.00 Room: Ballroom A

1 Dividend Policy Changes and Shareholders wealth In Emerging Stock Market: The Case of Indonesia Erwin Pratomo Nugroho (Airlangga University)

2 The Influence of Good Corporate Governance to Financial Performance Rizky Arifani (Airlangga University)

3 Effect of DER, ROA, PER and EVA on Return in Automotive Company in Indonesia Stock Exchange Gabriella Augustalita , Yudea (Airlangga University)

4 Internal Control Analysis over The Legal Liabilities Financial Reporting Procedure (Case Study at The Ministry of Finance) Dedi Pramono ,Trisacti Wahyuni( Indonesia University)

5 The Role of Cash Holding in Mediating The Relationship between Imediate Ownership to Overinvestment, Underinvestment, and Dividend in the Perspective of the Opportunistic Hypothesis and Efficient Hypothesis (Empirical studies on nonfinancial companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange) Dessy Feresa, Iskandar, Zaki Fakhroni (Mulawarman University)

6 The Balanced Scorecard in Public Hospitals’ Strategic Management Wulan I R Sari(Mulawarman University)

7 The Role of Goverment Accounting Standards on Preparing Consolidated Financial Statement : The Case of Badan layanan Umum in Indonesia Jumansyah (Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia)

8 The Impact of free Cash Flow, Inefficiencies of Fixed Asset Invesment on real Earnings Mangement Zaki Fakhroni(Mulawarman University)

Session: ECONOMIC 1 Date: Thursday, 19 October 2017 Time: 09.45 – 12.00 Room: Ballroom B

1 Crossword Puzzle Game In Economic learning Have Zulkarnaen Darmisih ,Kristina Wahyu Utami ( Airlangga University)

2 Allocative Effisiency model of Shrimp Culture Enterprise Input in Muara Badak Regency, Kutai kartanegara

Nurul Ovia Oktawati, Etik Sulistiowati Ningsih (Faculty of Marine and Fisheries

(Mulawarman University)

3 The Relationship Between Economic Growth, FDI, Trade, Labor, and Capital Formation in Indonesia Amelia Budiharto; Suyanto; Aluisius Hery Pratono( Universitas Surabaya)

4 Exploring Impact of the State of Family towards Life Quality of the Youth using Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square Muliati, Irwan Gani (Mulawarman University)

5 The Roles of Mobile Payments on Accelerated Financial Inclusion: An Evolving Framework Shofwan (University of Brawijaya)

6 Relationship Between Economic Growth and Water Enwironmental Quality of Indonesia Based on Environmental Kuznet Curve Priyagus Agus (Mulawarman University)

7 The linkages among Coal Mining activity and Other Sectors in Kutai Kartanegara Regency Rahcmad Budi Suharto (Mulawarman University)

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Session: ISLAMIC ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS 1 Date: Thursday, 19 October 2017 Time: 09.45 – 12.00 Room: Bengkirai

1 Analysis of Distribution of Funds Scholarship Bazis The Improvement of Student achiement Roikhan Mochamad Aziz (Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)

2 Ijarah Mausufah fi Zimmah Islamic Home Finance in Dealing with abandoned Housing project in Malaysia: features, Issues, Challenges and prospects Nuarrual Hilal Md Dahlan; Fauziah Mohd Noor. Mohd Sollehudin Shuib (Universiti Utara Malaysia)

3 Cirebon as Creative City: Trend Analysis of Global Islamic Economy Indicators Aan Jaelani (IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon)

4 Accountability And Innovative Financial Reporting To The Mosque Uun Dwi Al Muddatstsir, Tjiptohadi Sawarjuwono, Erina Sudaryati, Early Ridho Kismawadi (Airlangga University)

5 The Influence of Profitability to Islamic Corporate social Responsibility Disclosure Ria Yanuari Pramono (Airlangga University)

6 Relative short-term persistence and absolute short-term persistence of islamic mutual funds in Indonesia Zaenal Arifin and Sri Mulyati, (Universitas Islam Indonesia)

7 Exploring The Role of Islamic Work Ethics for Organizations in Indonesia Syaiful Bakhri , Rudi Prasetyo Ardi , Fuad Masud, Suharnomo (Diponegoro University)

8 The Influence of Price, Halal Label and Product Suitability to skin types on purchasing desicion of cosmetic among female muslim academicians Fatimah Z. Nasution, Andina Eka Mandasari, Muwahhid Billah (Siliwangi University)

Session: MANAGEMENT 2 Date: Thursday, 19 October 2017 Time: 09.45 – 12.00 Room: Meranti

1 Effect of Experiential marketing and Service quality to customer loyalty Through Customer Satisfaction in Restaurant of Pizza Hut at Visit plaza surabaya Ronald Setiobowo (University of Balikpapa)

2 Public Relations Strategy on Corporate Crisis Management Paganthy Puspita Ayu Putri, & Martriana P.S., Staff PT Job Pertamina Medco E&P Tomori Sulawesi (Universitas Pancasila)

3 Analysis of the Effect of Image, Trust and Commitment on Satisfaction and Audience Loyalty: Case study in Local Programe at Kompas TV Hariyanti Safta Ade Udiani, Syarifah Hudayah, Gusti Noorlitaria Ahmad (Mulawarman University)

4 E-Service Quality: Some Empirical Approaches Ponirin, Syamsul Bachri (Tadulako University)

5 Relationship Marketing Construct: Its Implication for Implementation “Tanggung Renteng” System M. Farid Afandi,; Armanu, Eka Afnan Troena, M. Misbahul Amri (Universitas Jember, Universitas Brawijaya, Universitas Brawijaya, Universitas Negeri Malang)

6 Roles of Advertisement, Brand Image, Price, Trust, and Perceived Value on Repurchase Intention of Traveloka Radityo Handriro, Davinindya Giffar, Taufiq Ismail (Brawijaya University)

7 The Use of Facebook Fanpages in Promoting Future Urban Transit - A Case Study of PT. MRT Jakarta Edith Lavindri, Sudarso Kaderi Wiryono and Mustika Sufiati Purwanegara (Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung)

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PARALLEL SESSION 3

Session: Accounting 3 Date: Thursday, 19 October 2017 Time: 13.00 – 15.00 Room: Meranti

1 Data Gathering and Use in Decision Making Process of Organizational Routines and Learning Wulan I R Sari (Mulawarman University)

2 Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure, Leverage and Firm Value : The Moderating Role of Profitability Irwansyah, Yoremia Lestari Ginting, Anisa Kusumawardani, Juspita Erdiyanti (Mulawarman University)

3 Factors That Influence The Taxpayers Perception On The Tax Evasion Cornelius Rantelangi , Nurhapizah Majid (Mulawarman University)

4 Green Accounting” as Accountability in Religious Organization Yunita Fitria (Mulawarman University)

5 Earnings Management through Real Activities and its Impact on Future Operating Performance Lina Rahmawati, Iman Harymawan (Airlangga University)

6 Individual Characteristics and Choice of Compensation Contract by individual Knowledge Mochammad Ilyas Junjunan (Airlangga University)

7 The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Employees Internal Motivation Siti Zaleha(Airlangga University)

Session: MANAGEMENT 3 Date: Thursday, 19 October 2017 Time: 13.00 – 15.00 Room: Ballroom A

1 The Importance of Teacher Performance: Case Study of West Balikpapan Elementary School Hj. Misna Ariani, Desi (Balikpapan University)

2 Does Job Orientation affect the performance of employees: Case Study section of techniques distribution Local Water Enterprises (PDAM) Balikpapan City H.Tamzil Yusuf1; Imam Arrywibowo2 (University of Balikpapan)

3 Offshore Safety Culture Assessment Sudarmo and Syamsul Arifin Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Balikpapan (Universitas Balikpapan)

4 Divorce Phenomenon of Young Couples: The Challenge to Get a Qualified Human Resource in Cilacap Regency, Central Java Dyah Retna Puspita Rin Rostikawati Pawrtha Dharma (Soedirman University)

5 The innovation process in composing, modifying, and configuring in conservatory of music Evo Sampetua Hariandja (Pelita Harapan University)

6 Indonesian Human Resource Globalization for encountering ASEAN Economic Community Ince Ahmad Zarqan and Sukarni.S( President University - STIE Pelita Bangsa)

7 Measuring Leader’s Competence Scales: A Second Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis Evo Sampetua Hariandja (a) and Ferdinand Butarbutar (b)

(a Department of Management, (b) Department of Accounting Universitas Pelita Harapan)

Session: ECONOMIC 2 Date: Thursday, 19 October 2017 Time: 13.00 – 15.00 Room: Ballroom B

1 Human Capital Investment and Its Role in Encouraging Inclusivity in East Java Visi Saujaningati Kristyanto, Setyo Tri Wahyudi ( Brawijaya University)

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2 Evaluation of Invesment Policy in the Form of Tax Holiday in Order to Increase Indonesian Economic Growth Resha Dwiayu Pangesti Mulyono Elia Mustikasari (Airlangga University)

3 The Effect of Tax Avoidance on Cost of Debt in Manufacturing Companies Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange Coki Ahmad Syahwier, Sriamanda Fitriani (University of North Sumatra)

4 The Impact of fiscal Desentralization on Economic Growth and Income Inequalityin Kalimantan Timur Juliansyah Roy (Mulawarman University)

5 Tax payer Compliance of SME (Small and medium Enterprises) : Samarinda Food Sector Genisha Marta , Anisa Kusumawardani ,Irwansyah Mulawarman University

6 Female Labour Force Participation and Economic Development in Southeast Asia siti amalia & rizky yudaruddin, (Mulawarman University)

7 The Opportunity of Intellectuals Property On Small And Medium-Scale Enterprises In Malang Raya Region Maftuchah, Aris Winaya, Sofyan Arief (University of Muhammadiyah Malang)

Session: ISLAMIC ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS 2 Date: Thursday, 19 October 2017 Time: 13.00 – 15.00 Room: Kariangau

1 Factors on Business Performance Through Productive Zakah, selected mustahid in Badan amil Zakat nasional Kalimantan timur Sri Wahyuni, Syarifah Hudayah (Mulawarman University)

2 Zakat and Economic Development In Southeast Asia: A Panel Data Approach An’im Kafabih, and Setyo Tri Wahyudi (Brawijaya University)

3 Conventional Phenomenology Analysis of Financial Management at Joint Business (KUB) Shariah Cooperation Ike Purnamasari (Mulawarman University)

4 Knowledge Management Capability to organizational Innovation study at Islamic Banking in Indonesia Ariesta Heksarini, (Mulawarman University)

5 Islamic Behavior Finance : Literature Review Herry Ramadhani (Mulawarman University)

6 The Response of Sharia Bank Financing to Countercyclical Capital Buffer Policy In Indonesia Sri Maulida, Ryan Juminta Anward (Lambung Mangkurat University)

7 Islamic Bank Performance : Between Maqasid Sharia and Camels Model Sutrisno and Agus Widajono (Universitas Islam Indonesia)

Session: MANAGEMENT 4 Date: Thursday, 19 October 2017 Time: 13.00 – 15.00 Room: Bengkirai

1 Safe Water for All: Integrating The Role of CSR and Community Engagement Marga Gumelar (Universitas Padjadjaran)

2 Smart Urban Park Management: Building A Practical Framework Marga Gumelar (Universitas Padjadjaran)

3 Factor Analysis Employee Engagament Generation Y in Padma Hotel Bandung Ria Fransisca Ifa Evendy, Ade Irma Susanty (Telkom University)

4 The Potency of Intellectual Property Rights Regimes On Two Kinds of SMEs Industries Aris Winaya, Maftuchah, Sofyan Arief (University of Muhammadiyah Malang)

5 The Validation of the Organizational Structure Characteristics Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Indonesia Military Hospital Evo Sampetua Hariandja, (Universitas Pelita Harapan)

6 The Application of Blue Ocean Strategy to Digital Innovation and Quality Management

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Carina Heurestica, Asparagina Paradisea (Universitas Airlangga)

7 The Role of Community For The Growth of Micro and Small Enterprises in Banjarmasin, Indonesia Ni Nyoman Suarniki and Sirajuddin Omsa STIE Nasional Banjarmasin (State Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang)

PARALLEL SESSION 4

Session: Accounting 4 Date: Thursday, 19 October 2017 Time: 15.15 – 17.15 Room: Meranti

1 Tunneling Risk Control With Good Corporate Governance Mechanism on Tranfer Pricing Transactions Novi Lailiyul Wafiroh (Airlangga University)

2 The Influence of Organizational Commitment, Auditor Independence, Internal Control, and Ethical Leadership in Good Governance and Organizational Performance Cornelius Rantelangi, Nurita Affan, Dwi R Deviyanti, Wulan I R Sari ( Mulawarman University)

3 How Does Policy on Accreditation Affect to the Quality Improvement in Indonesian Hospitals Wulan I R Sari(Mulawarman University)

4 Inherent Factors Affecting Auditor Independence: Criticism To Audit Fee Paid By Auditee Erwin Pratomo Nugroho (Airlangga University)

5 Financial Reporting of Religious Organization : A Study of Mosques in Samarinda Yana ulfah; Musviyanti (Mulawarman University)

6 Analysis of Factors Affecting Accounting Conservatism (Study on Manufacturing Companies Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange) Rusdiah Iskandar, Irwansyah, Nur Shollikhah Buana Wati (Mulawarman University)

Session: ECONOMIC 3 Date: Thursday, 19 October 2017 Time: 15.15 – 17.15 Room: Bengkirai

1 Currency Analysis of Some Countries In East Asia Against The Currencies Of Some Countries In Southeast Asia Teguh Sugiarto , Ubud Salim .Ghozali Maski,Siti Aisjah (Universitas Budi luhur and Brawijaya)

2 A Dependence Level and Regional Contributions Effect on Income Level and Its Impact: a Case of Public Life Changes Patterns Kandri Agro Tourism Village, Gunung Pati Semarang Rudi Prasetyo Ardi, Syaiful Bakhri, Sugeng Wahyudi and Bambang Dwiloka (Diponegoro University)

3 Agriculture land and Technology : agricultural production in The Welfare Abid Muhtarom; Tri Haryanto (Airlangga University)

4 School Enrollment and Educational Attainment in Indonesia Febri Wicaksono (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Statistik)

5 Development of Entrepreneurship Orientation and Marketing Strategy With Utilization of CSR Program Rahmawati, Bramantika Oktavianti, Muh Jamal (Mulawarman University)

6 Strengthening Society’s Economy in Border Area of Indonesia-Malaysia Bramantika Oktavianti, Inda Fitryarini, Hikmah, Ananda Putra Agung and Irwansyah (Mulawarman University)

7 The Analysis of Determinants tourist Expenditure through Sustainable Ecotourism development in Central Kalimantan Province Irawan, Andrie elia, Said ismail, (Palangkaraya University)

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Session: MANAGEMENT 5 Date: Thursday, 19 October 2017 Time: 15.15 – 17.15 Room: Kariangau

1 The Impact of Economic Turbulence on Local Bank Efficiency: Does Common Wisdom Hold Felisitas Defung, Rizky Yudaruddin, Syarifah Hudayah (Mulawarman University)

2 The Influence of Bank Health Towards The Dividend Policy and Bank Value Fenty Fauziah(a), Rusdiah Iskandar(b), Ardi Paminto(b), Yana Ulfah(Mulawarman University)

3 Foreign Banks Lending During The Crisis, Do profitabilty and Liquidity Matter? Rizky Yudaruddin (Mulawarman University)

4 The Impact of Bank Relationship on Firm Performance Marentina Puspitasari (Universitas Indonesia)

5 The Impact of Mutual Fund Performance Management on Good Corporate Governance Banking Musdalifah Azis and Syarifah Hudayah (Mulawarman University)

6 Energy and cost Effisiency Model on Catch Fisherman in Jambi Province Tona Aurora Lubis, Sigit Indrawijaya, Raja Sharah Fatricia (University of Jambi)

7 Analysis of Competitive Advantages Using Analytical Hierarchi Process (AHP) on Featured Products (Study on SMEs in the Martapura River Side in South Kalimantan) Tinik Sugiati, Dian Masita Dewi, Maya Sari Dewi, Fredy Zulbadi (Universitas Lambung Mangkurat)

Session: MANAGEMENT 6 Date: Thursday, 19 October 2017 Time: 15.15 – 17.15 Room: Ballroom A

1 Paternalistic Leadership as a Reflection of Collectivism Culture Ngurah Ayu Dian Anggraeni ; Fuad MasUd ; Endah Winarti (Diponegoro University and STIE Dharma Putra Semarang)

2 Flexible Structural Equation: Modeling of Role of Public Leader, Open Government Information and Public Service Performance in Indonesia Adji Achmad Rinaldo Fernandes and Solimun (University of Brawijaya)

3 Flexible Structural Equation Modeling: The Effect of OCB In Relationship Between Personality, Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction To Performance Solimun and Adji Achmad Rinaldo Fernandes (University of Brawijaya)

4 The Influence Of Job Insecurity and Occupational Safety And Health To Performance Of Civil Servants Fire And Rescue Department In East Kutai District Dirga Lestari, Siti Maria, Pendi B (Mulawarman University)

5 Green Business Practice : The potential of used cooking oil Yoremia Lestari Ginting, Meriska Sari (Mulawarman University)

6 The Study of Palm sugar center Establishment as a strengtening Effort to the society economy around the conservation forest Triana Fitriastuti, Dhina Mustika Sari, Addy Suyatno (Mulawarman University)

7 Introducing Iconiq Value Co-Creation to Indonesian Small Business Herning Indriastuti (Mulawarman University)

2 Oktober 2017 MICEB

The Potency of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)Regimes on Two Kinds of Small and Medium

Enterprises (SMEs) IndustriesAris Winaya1, Maftuchah2, Sofyan Arief3

Center of Intellectual Property, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, [email protected]

[email protected]@gmail.com

Abstract--- The industrial sector in Indonesia was dominated bysmall and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs). In the MalangRaya region, there were two kinds of major group of SMEsindustries, namely processed foods and handicrafts. Each ofgroup indeed has a specific of Intellectual Property Rights(IPRs) regimes. This study was to obtain the information of IPRsregime on two groups of SMEs industry. The data were collectedfrom 2015 to 2016 in 84 SMEs in Malang Raya region. The 42industries were categorized on processed foods and 42 industriesof handicrafts. The results showed that were 12 kinds ofproducts in the processed foods industry. Most of themwere potato and cassava chips products. While, in thecrafts group, the gypsum industries were dominants. Thepotency of IPRs regimes in the processed food industrywas reached 21.4% (patent 16.6% and industrial design4.8%). While, in the handicraft industry, the potentialIPRs regimes were reached 45.3%, which was dominatedby copyrights (33.3%) and followed by patent 4.8% andindustrial design 7.2%. This study was also indicated thatthe potential of IPR regimes on SMEs was high enough, soin the future, they need coaching for awareness theimportance of IPR regimes.

Keywords-- copyrights, handicraft, processed foods, industrialdesign, IPR regimes, patent

I. INTRODUCTION

Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) is a legallyinstrument that protects rights to a person ororganization for all the results of creativity and theembodiment of intellectual works produced. IPRsalso grants the owner rights to enjoy the economicbenefits of ownership of such rights. The results ofintellectual works in practice may be tangibleinventions in the field of technology or creation inother fields. From another point of view, the IPRsis a monopoly right granted to rights owners,subject to restrictions on applicable laws andregulations. The object of intellectual property isthe intelligence, the power of thought or theproduct of human thought [1].

In line with the growing recognition of IPRs inthe international world, so nowadays IPRs becomean important issue regarding the internationaleconomic cooperation. Countries that have notadequate protection against IPRs will face on tradedifficulties since they lack of fair competition, andwill also resulting on low international trust toinvest. By the provisions of the legislation, IPRspropietary is entitled to use, reproduce, publish,give permission, and utilize such rights throughlicense or agreement; including to prohibit otherparties from using, reproducing and/or announcingsuch intellectual works.

In the National Development Plan of Indonesia,the government emphasizes on the development ofbusiness support programs for SMEs,entrepreneurship development programs andcompetitiveness [2]. The government has beengiven the attention to SMEs because SMEs has avery important role in the national economydefense. The role of SMEs in Indonesia wasenormous and has been proven to save the nationaleconomy on the 1997 economic crisis. Therecovery of the economic crisis has run through forseven years, and several studies have shown thatthe Indonesian economy did not rely solely on therole of large enterprises, but SMEs had proven tobe relatively better compared with larger-scaleenterprises [3].

Many efforts had been made by the governmentto improve the role of SMEs in the implementationof IPRs, but until recently it was not achievedencouraging results. The low number of registeredIPRs from the growing number of SMEs wasindicating the lack of attention of SMEs to generatethe innovative of new findings. However, actually

279Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

Mulawarman International Conference on Economics and Business (MICEB 2017)Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research (AEBMR), volume 35

the activities of SMEs had been going on so far inthe field, so it was also had the potential of IPRsregimes to develop.

Malang Raya region is the region that coveringMalang city, Malang regency and Batu city. Thisarea is the part of East Java Province of Indonesiawherein developed quite rapidly, especially interms of population number. This situation wasmake many universities both state and privatelocated here, and prospected also for developing oftourism industry. From the preliminary datashowed there were two groups of SMEs industrythat has been developed rapidly in Malang Rayaregion that consist of processed foods andhandicrafts. The objective of this study was todescribe the potential of various HKI regimes intwo major groups of SMEs industry at MalangRaya region. The IPRs regimes

In general, Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)are divided into two categories, namely Copyrightand Industrial Property Rights. Copyright is anexclusive right of the author or the grantee of theright to announce or multiply his creation or givingpermission to it without prejudice to restrictionsaccording to the law (Act Number 19/2002: article1, paragraph 1). Meanwhile, Industrial PropertyRight includes Patent, Trademark, IndustrialDesign, Layout Design of Integrated Circuits,Trade Secret, and Plant Variety Protection.

Copyright is a right granted to the author for theliterary and artistic work produce. The primary goalof the copyright is to protect the creation and tosupport and reward of the creativity. A patent shallbe an exclusive right granted by the state to theinventor of his invention in the field of technology.This is for a certain period to use his invention or togive his invention to another party to implement it(Act Number 14/2001).

A patent is IPR regime that related totechnology. The patent grants is the exclusive rightof the inventor to obtain the economic benefits ofhis invention in the field of technology over aperiod. This exclusive right is granted to reward theinventor due to produce a patent has spent time,cost, energy, and ideas. Patent information can helpmake decisions when choosing strategies toresearch or develop the new products. If there is a

technical problem, there is no better way to find asolution except by looking for other patentinformation [4]. Understanding the patent isimportant for researchers or innovators to avoidinfringement of IPRs, especially on patent rights.

Trademarks are markings of images, names,words, letters, numbers, color arrangements orcombinations of those elements that have adistinguishing ability and are used in goods orservice trade activities generally (Act Number15/2001).

Industrial Design is a creation of the shape,configuration, or composition of lines or colors, ormixed of lines and colors, or a combination thereofin the form of three-dimensional or two-dimensional that give the impression of aestheticand can be realized in a three-dimensional or two-dimensional pattern and can be used for produce aproduct, goods, industrial commodity, or handicraft(Act Number 31/2000).

A trade secret is an information that is prohibitknown by the public in the field of technologyand/or business, also has economic value because itis useful in business activities, and keptconfidential by the owner of the Trade Secret (ActNumber 30/2000). Unlike other IPRs regime, tradesecrets are not for public known freely. Tradesecrets are protected as long as the information isnot "leaked" by the trademark owners.

Integrated Circuit is a product in the form offinished or semi-finished, in which there arevarious elements and at least one of these elementsare active elements, partly or entirelyinterconnected and formed in an integratedsemiconductor material intended to produceelectronic function (Act Number 32/2000).

Plant Variety Protection, defined as a group ofplants from a one of plant variety or plant specieswhich is characterized by plant shape, plantgrowth, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds andexpression of genotypic characteristics orcombinations of genotypes that can bedistinguished from the similar plant variety orcertain species by at least one determinant traitsand the plant characters unchanged whenreproduced it (Act Number 29/2000).

The legal foundation of IPR in Indonesia beganwith the issuance of Act Number 21 of 1961 on

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Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research (AEBMR), volume 35

trademark. Then, followed by the issuance of ActNumber 6 of 1982 on copyright. Thereafter,followed by the issuance of several GovernmentRegulations and Ministerial Decrees. Indonesia hasratified the approval of the World TradeOrganization (WTO) through Act Number 7, 1994.Indonesia has agreed to enforce the agreement withall its annexes. Appendices relating to IPRs are theTrade Related Aspects of Intellectual PropertyRights (TRIPs), containing norms and standards ofprotection for intellectual works. In line with theentry of Indonesia into WTO membership andratified several international conventions in thefield of IPRs, Indonesia has aligned several lawsand regulations on IPRs. In the field of patent, thehighest legal foundation and other legal foundationis Act Number 14, 2001 regarding Patent (StateGazette of the Republic of Indonesia Year 2001Number 109). This act was implemented on 1August 2001, consisting of 17 chapters and 139chapters.

The Government of Indonesia realizes thatunderstanding of IPRs in the industrial field is veryimportant, and therefore the governmentcontinuously encourage the industry practitionersto conduct the development of product quality andenforce of IPRs registrations. Development invarious fields of industry is not to be achievedwithout the support of creativity and innovationscultures of industrial societies. This industrialculture will make the research and developmentactivities can produce various of technologiesrelated to the industry needs. Creative andinnovative cultures will come up and develop onlyin a society that respects, established and protectsof IPRs.

A. The role of SMEs to Indonesian economy

Indonesia has experienced a monetary crisis in1997 and expanded into a multi-dimensional crisissince it caused the decline of various economicactivities of the people in the form of disruption ofproduction, distribution and consumption activities.These problems have had an impact on increasingunemployment and the number of poor people,both in urban and rural areas [5]; [6]. The economiccrisis has a wide impact on the Indonesianeconomy, causing the decline in activities of almostall sectors including in the industrial sector.

However, SMEs have taken an active role in theeconomic crisis of Indonesia. SMEs could survive,moreover its role was increasing and very clearlyproven in supporting to survive Indonesian from aneconomic crisis. At that time, SMEs was strong ofa business model that could recover quickly fromthe economic crisis compared to the large-scale ofenterprises that had collapsed at that time.

SMEs basically refer to stand-alone productiveenterprises, conducted by individuals and/orindividual business entities or business entities withtheir respective criteria. According to Act Number20, 2008, the differences between micro, small andmedium enterprises are based on net wealth andannual sales results. The important role of SMEswas not only in the economic crisis past time butalso SMEs have a very strategic role regarding onvarious aspects in the economic recovery. First, theamount of SMEs industry is huge and existing inevery sector of the economy. Second, SMEs has agreat potential in creating more employmentopportunities when compared to the sameinvestment in larger-scale enterprises. Third, thecontribution of SMEs in the contributions of GDPis quite significant and, fourth to contribute thecountry's foreign exchange by a fairly stable exportvalue.

The role of SMEs was very important in thenational economic persistence. The main roles werein aspects such as increased employment, equity ofincome, rural economic development, andincreased non-oil exports [7]. Two hundred andthirty million more population were scattered inplaces with unique geographical arrangements inIndonesia territory, and an abundance of naturalresources potentially to be processed into businessand industrial materials, so making SMEs the rightchoice as a means of prospering the people.Moreover, since the inter-island infrastructure waslimited, which makes the economy impossible to bedone only by big companies, so SMEs could takecontrol of the economy [5]. Data from theIndonesia Ministry of SMEs showed that numberof SMEs in 2006 as much as 48 822 925 or 99.77%percent of the total business holders in Indonesia.

The characteristics of SMEs industries weremicro-scale, spread throughout Indonesia, labor-intensive, relatively small investment and generate

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high added value. Then, low entry barriers (usingsimple to mid-level technology, and do not requirehigh skills), the source of creating newentrepreneurs, the high degree of flexibility inanticipating the dynamics of market changes andresilience to the economic crisis [5]. Theimportance of innovation in business development

The most important character ofentrepreneurship was the ability to innovate [8].Without innovation, a business will not longoperate; since the needs, desires, and requestscustomers will always change. Customers will notalways consume the same product. Customers willlook for other products from other companies thatcan satisfy their needs. For that reason, it needscontinuous innovation if the company will gofurther and still run the business.

Innovation was anything related to goods,services or ideas that were felt new by someone.Although the idea has long been there, it can besaid that innovation its just saw or felt it new bysomeone. A company can innovate in the areas of:a) product innovation (goods, services, ideas andplaces); and b) management Innovation (workprocess, production process, finance, marketing,etc.). The innovation needs to pay attention to thefollowing principles: a) analyzing of opportunities;b) what to do to maximize the opportunity; c)simple; d) goal; e) starting from a small; and f)leadership.

According to Hills [9] defines innovation as anidea, practice or object considered new by anindividual or another user unit. Suryana [10] statesinnovation: "as the ability to apply creativity inorder to solve problems and opportunities toenhance and enrich life". Keeh [11] explainsinnovation was very important because there werethe following reasons: 1) Technology was changingvery rapidly as new products, processes andservices emerge from competitors, and thisencourages entrepreneurial efforts to compete andsucceed. We had to do in adjust to newtechnological innovations. 2) The effect ofenvironmental changes on the product life cyclewas getting shorter, which means that the oldproduct or service had to be replaced with a newone in a short period, and this could happenbecause there were creative thinking that leads toinnovation. 3) Consumers actually were smarter

and demand fulfillment. Customer hopes fulfillingneeds more high demand regarding quality,renewal, and price. Therefore, innovative skillswere needed to satisfy the needs of consumer thatwould keep customer as a customer. 4) With therapidly changing market and technology, a goodidea colud be more easily replicated, requiring new,improved product usage, new and improvedprocesses, fast, and continuous services. 5)Innovation could lead to faster growth, increasemarket segments, and create better corporatepositions.

II. METHODS

Research activities were conducted in 2016 intwo small potential industry groups of SMEs inMalang Raya region. The group consists of foodprocessing and handicraft industry. Each group wasselected from 42 samples of SMEs, so totally dataobtained from 84 samples of SMEs. The varioustypes of SMEs that included in the SME group ofprocessed foods industry were consisted of potatoand cassava chips, fruit chips, tempeh chips, andother chips (meatballs, mushrooms, etc.). And, fruitjuice and another processed foods from fruit;crackers; pancake powder; candy; herbs and herbaldrinks; bread; and spices. Afterward, the SMEs ofhandicraft group consisted of: onyx stone crafted;leather; gypsum; metal; wood; mask; brown sugar;webbing; painting shoes; lanterns; handicrafts andbatik. Data were obtained by using fieldobservation and in-depth interview by visitedlocations. The respondents were consisted of thecommunity of the SMEs industry owners inMalang Raya region. The samples criteria weredetermined by purposive sampling for each ofindustry group in the sampling areas (with initialdata obtained from the local office of IndustryDepartment). The activities carried out throughseveral stages, included: 1) data mapping; 2)selection of sample; 3) preparation and propagationof questionnaires; 4) administration preparation(correspondence for institutions and industries,letter of assignment for enumerators, certificationof industry, etc.); 5) training of surveyenumerators; 6) data collection to agencies; 7) fieldsurvey and, 8) data analysis and interpretation.

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III. RESULTS

Table I showed that the type and potential ofeach IPRs regime of SMEs processed foods inMalang Raya region. In this group data wasobtained from 12 kinds of SMEs industry consistedof potato and cassava chips, fruits chips, tempehchips, and another chips (meatballs, mushrooms,etc.). Then, fruits juice, another processed foodsmade from fruits, crackers, jelly leaf powder,medical herbs, herbal drinks, breads, and spices.

From the total of sample observed, the potentialof IPRs regime from processed food industrygroups were reached 21.4%. Patent (16.6%) wasdominated in the IPRs regime followed byIndustrial Design (4.8%). In the term of productsfrom processed foods, fruits processed (dodol,wingko, etc.) and jelly leafs powder were hadpotential 50% of IPRs regimes which werecategorized in the patent (method, process,

composition). In the fruits chips and crackersindustries there were any potential on IPRs ofindustrial design, particularly on equipment designand new design of crackers template model.

Table II showed the type and potential of eachIPRs regime on SMEs handicrafts in Malang Raya

region. The potential of SME handicraft market inMalang Raya region was high enough because thisarea was developed into tourism destination area.The various types of SMEs that were included inthe group of handicrafts consisted of onyx crafts,leathers, gypsums, metals, woods, mask, brownsugars, webbings, painted shoes, lanterns,handicrafts, and batiks.

From the total of data samples, the potential ofIPRs in handicrafts industry group was reached45.2% (higher than the processed food industrygroup). The most potential of IPRs regime in thehandicrafts industry group was the copyright(33.3%), followed by industrial design (7.14%) andpatent (4.76%). The highest percentage of IPRsregimes potential was in painting industry (100%)as a copyrights regime, followed by batiks andleathers industry (75%) were consisted of patentand copyrights regimes. So, based on the total dataindicated that SMEs industries of processed foods

were not any potential to copyright regime (TableI). While, handicraft industry group was moredominant on copyright potential than another IPRsregimes, particularly on patent and industrialdesign.

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IV. DISCUSSION

SMEs basicallly refers to stand-alone productivebusinesss, conducted by individuals and/orindividual business entities or business entities withtheir respective criteria. The differences in criteriabetween small and medium-sized businesses werebased on net wealth and annual sales (Act Number20 of 2008). The two groups of SMEs in MalangRaya region that have a potential of IPRs regimeswere processed food and craft industry. This wasvery closely related to the development of the cityof Malang as a city of education and tourism. So,the largest potential for business activities wereuniversities students and tourists.

The SMEs has large potential in mobilizing theeconomic activities of the community, as well as amain source of income of most Indonesian peoplein improving their welfare. Handicrafts industrywas the SMEs industry sub-sector that becomes thebackbone of Indonesia's economy. The position ofSME handicrafts has very strategic in theIndonesian economy due to a large number ofbusiness units (+ 3.4 million SMEs), and absorbedthe labor morethan 8.5 million [5]. The existenceand role of SMEs were very significant. Thenumber of SMEs in Indonesia was reached 51.36million business units in 2008. Its meant thatreaching 99.99 percent of the national business

holders (Planning Bureau Ministry of SMEs, 2008).The others contribution of SMEs were in theabsorption of labor, the formation of national grossdomestic product (GDP) national, increasing

national foreign exchange and national investment[12].

Data from BPS showed that in 2005, smallindustry and home craft industry (IKKR) inIndonesia was reached 2.7 million business unitsand was absorbing 6.5 million of labors (60.22%)from all of workers that required by the industrialsector as a whole. Meanwhile, from the survey on2004 conducted by Indonesia Central Berau ofStatistics [13], there were 17.14 million non-legalbusinesses except on agriculture and fishery fieldcategories, which employed 30.55 million people[13]. Various reports also noted that in 2005 thepotential of SMEs on webbing industries werereached 631,993 business units by absorbing laboras much as 1 254 491 people, and produced theproduction value around Rp. 4.91 trillion or more,and has an export value more than US $ 17.34million.

Naturally, SMEs holders have a strategy toadjust their ability to maintain their business. Onlya few of SMEs that implemented the strategy onbusiness development to increase their businessforward [14]. The number of SMEs that useddefend strategy reached millions. The defensivestrategy was chosen by many of the SMEseventhough they were operated their business in

decades as the profession but it was not differentcondition from the initial run when they started thebusiness. Many of the SMEs were not able tosurvive, finally they apply the strategy to make

284


bankrupt their business to avoid more losing ofmoney.

The existence of SMEs could not be separatewith IPRs regimes. Started from the products thatwere resulting from the business activities, then thetechnology used, and the design of each productproduced, as well as the use of trademarks orservice for the purpose of the marketing of theproducts. The Indonesia government has tried toraise awareness of SMEs on the importance of IPRsissues, especially on SMEs that engaged in creativeindustries. This was intended to protect the SMEsso they could grow more rapidly and avoidplagiarism. It is important to SMEs and othercompanies to take advantage of various IPRsregimes in the development of their business.Recently around tens millions of technologiescould be accessed freely, so the SMEs could learn,utilize, develop, and then register its IPRs whenthey need further.

To know the regimes of IPRs for protected theSMEs existence, so first we need to understandwhat the IPRs potency that exists in a businessactivity of the SMEs. In general, the potential ofIPRs regimes that exists in SMEs businessactivities covered copyright, trademarks/services,industrial design and patents (common and simple).Obviously, the needs of IPRs protections were notalways similar for every business activity of SMEs.In the future, it is expected to encourage IPRs-oriented research and development program onSMEs. So, in the long term it could beimplemented its IPRs protection.

The various factors that caused a low numberof IPRs granted on SMEs could be traced from thevarious of possibilities. For examples, ineffectivesocialization among institutions especially onSMEs. It was still low awareness for IPRsenforcement, so there were still many plagiarismsand violations of IPRs regimes, also still lowawareness of innovation creativity where it wouldstrengthen national science and industrialcompetitivenes actually.

In generally, our study was indicated that thepotential of IPR in two groups of SMEs industries(processed foods and crafts) in Malang Raya regionwas high. The most potential of IPRs regimes thatfound in SMEs of processed foods industry was

patent. As for the group of SMEs craft, the mostpotential was copyrights regime. However, theexisting of SMEs generally were not understoodthe importance of registration of IPRs for thedevelopment and sustainability of their business.For example, the low understanding of IPRsregimes caused by the opinions that registrationfees of IPRs regime was expensive and IPRsbenefit aspects were not been felt by SMEscommunity, so the interest to register industrialproperty right was still very low.

V. CONCLUSIONS

According to this study showed that in MalangRaya region was found 12 kinds of product ofprocessed foods of SMEs industry. Most of themwere potato and cassava chips products. While, inthe other groups that were crafts group with themost of industry on gypsum industry. In theprocessed food industries were identified thepotency of IPRs regimes reached 21.4% (patent16.6% and industrial design 4.8%). While, in thehandicrafts industries were reached 45.3% of IPRsregime potency, which was dominated by 33.3% ofcopyrights and followed by patent potential 4.8%and industrial design 7.2%. This study alsoindicated that the potential of IPR regimes onSMEs was high enough, so in the future, they needcoaching for awareness the importance of IPRsregimes.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Authors would say to thank the Rector ofUniversity of Muhammadiyah Malang that hasprovided the funds for the implementation of thisstudy through the Excellent Research GrantProgram for Research Center on the grants of 2016and all of the small industries in the Malang Rayaarea that helped provided the data for this study.

REFERENCES[1] World Intellectual Property Organization. (2010). Intellectual Property

Services. http://www.wipo.int/patentscope/en/patents _faq.html#patent.Accessed on 10 December 2010.

[2] Regulation of Indonesia President. (2005). No. 7. National Middle TermDevelopment Plan. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.

[3] N, M. Scarborough & T, W Zimmerer. (2005). Essentials ofEntrepreneurship and Small Business Management. New Jersey:Prentice-Hall: Fourth Edition.

[4] European Patent Office. (2010). Intellectual Property Watch.http://www.ipwatch.org/weblog/2009/05/08/epo-looks-to-future-technologies-2010-leadership-change. Accessed on 10 November 2010.

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[5] Direktorat Jendral Industri Kecil dan Menengah [Directorate General ofSmall and Medium Industry]. (2006). Pembinaan dan PengembanganIKM Kerajinan [Guidance and Development of Small and MediumIndustry of Crafts]. Jakarta.

[6] M, Kuncoro. (2006). Ekonomika Pembangunan. Teori, Masalah danKebijakan [Economics Development. Theory, Problems and Policies].Yogyakarta, UPP.STIM.YKPN: Edisi keempat.

[7] Van Stel, A. M, Carree. & R, Thurik. (2004). The Effect ofEntrepreneurship on National Economic Growth: An Analysis Usingthe GEM Database. EIM Scales Paper N200320, Zoetermeer, NL: EIM.

[8] P, Larsen. & A, Lewis. (2007). How Award-Winning SMEs ManageThe Barriers to Innovation. Creativity and Innovation Management,142-151.

[9] G, Hills. C, Hultman. & M, P Miles. (2008). The Evolution andDevelopment of Entrepreneurial Marketing. Journal of Small BusinessManagement, 46 (1):99 – 112.

[10] Suryana. (2003). Kewirausahaan, Pedoman Praktis, Kiat dan ProsesMenuju Sukses [Entrepreneurship, Practical Guidelines, Tips andProcesses Towards Success]. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.

[11] H, T Keeh, M, Nguyen. & Ping (2007). The Effects of EntrepreneurialOrientation and Marketing Informationon the Performance of SMEs”,Journal of Business Venturing, 592-611.

[12] M,W B Utami. (2010). Pemanfaatan Desain Industri bagiPengembangan Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah: Antara Kenyataandan Harapan [Utilization of Industrial Design for Micro, Small andMedium Business Development: Between Reality and Expectations].Media HKI, Direktorat Jenderal Hak Kekayaan Intelektual,Kementerian Hukum dan HAM- RI, VII/01: 13-15. www.dgip.go.id.Accessed on 12 January 2013.

[13] BPS. (2005). Profil industri kecil dan kerajinan rumah tangga [Profileof small industri and handycraft home industry].https://www.bps.go.id/index.php/publikasi/3506. Accessed on 15September 2016.

[14] Anwari. (1996). Mendongkrak kapasitas industri kecil. GemaDepartemen Perindustrian dan Perdagangan, 1, 4-8.

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Title:The Potency of Intellectual Property Rights Regimes On Two Kinds of SMEs Industries

Authors: Aris Winaya, Maftuchah, Sofyan Arief

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Abstract ID:ABS-117Please use this "Abstract ID" in all correspondence (instead of abstract title).



Institutions:Center of Intellectual Property (SENTRA HKI), University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Jalan Raya Tlogomas no 246 Malang-East Java, Indonesia 65144

Content:The industrial sector in Indonesia was dominated by small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs). In the Malang Rayaregion, there were two kinds of major group of SMEs industries, namely processed foods and handicrafts. Each ofgroup indeed has a specific of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) regimes. This study was to obtain the information ofIPRs regime on two groups of SMEs industry. The data were collected from 2015 to 2016 in 84 SMEs in Malang Rayaregion. The 42 industries were categorized on processed foods and 42 industries of handicrafts. The results showed that were 12 kinds of products in the processed foods industry. Most of them were potato andcassava chips products. While, in the crafts group, the gypsum industries were dominants. The potency of IPRsregimes in the processed food industry was reached 21.4% (patent 16.6% and industrial design 4.8%). While, in thehandicraft industry, the potential IPRs regimes were reached 45.3%, which dominated by copyrights (33.3%) andfollowed by patent 4.8% and industrial design 7.2%. This study was also indicated that the potential of IPR regimes onSMEs was high enough, so in the future, they need coaching for awareness the importance of IPR regimes.

Keywords:copyrights, handicraft, processed foods, industrial design, IPR regimes, patent

Topic:Management


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