Athens and SpartaAthens and Sparta• Both were city-states or PolisBoth were city-states or Polis• Own culture, govt., and structureOwn culture, govt., and structure• Greeks were proud “Greeks” but loyal to own city-stateGreeks were proud “Greeks” but loyal to own city-state• This almost did them in during the Persian WarsThis almost did them in during the Persian Wars

SpartaSpartaGovernmentGovernment• Assembly-all free males and the elected voted on issuesAssembly-all free males and the elected voted on issues• Council of Elders-create laws that assembly votes onCouncil of Elders-create laws that assembly votes on• Ephors-five elected officials that carry out the lawsEphors-five elected officials that carry out the laws• All controlled education and courtAll controlled education and court• Two kings-ruled militaryTwo kings-ruled militarySocietySociety• Diverse populationDiverse population• Helots-serfs/slaves that outnumbered the citizensHelots-serfs/slaves that outnumbered the citizens• Military society-to protect and keep the helots downMilitary society-to protect and keep the helots downMen/MilitaryMen/Military• Training began at 7, good ol olive oilTraining began at 7, good ol olive oil• At 13 dropped off in woods with nothing, had to surviveAt 13 dropped off in woods with nothing, had to survive• Engaged in pederasty-”loving, chaste, self-control” relations Engaged in pederasty-”loving, chaste, self-control” relations

w/boysw/boys• Full military service at 20-soldier till 60Full military service at 20-soldier till 60• Ensure your superiority-practice of exposureEnsure your superiority-practice of exposure

Sparta cont.Sparta cont.WomenWomen• More independent-could own/control land (death of More independent-could own/control land (death of

husband)husband)• Learned to read and writeLearned to read and write• Expected to produce children for “other” menExpected to produce children for “other” menHelotsHelots• Worked the land – took care of chores Worked the land – took care of chores • Outnumbered the citizens – leads to strong militaryOutnumbered the citizens – leads to strong military• Owned by state not citizensOwned by state not citizens• Had to “pay” ½ of their crops to the stateHad to “pay” ½ of their crops to the state

AthensAthensGovernmentGovernment• ““Beginning” of western civilizationBeginning” of western civilization• Citizens participated (beginning of democracy)Citizens participated (beginning of democracy)• Only free males were “citizens”Only free males were “citizens”• Women, slaves, foreigners not citizensWomen, slaves, foreigners not citizens• Early - Draconian law – harsh (death for veggie stealer)Early - Draconian law – harsh (death for veggie stealer)• Solon – first man who est base of democracy and trial by Solon – first man who est base of democracy and trial by

jury jury SocietySociety• Classes based on income not birthClasses based on income not birth• Public work projects – helped poorPublic work projects – helped poorMen/MilitaryMen/Military• Taught reading and writingTaught reading and writing• ““Part time” soldiersPart time” soldiers

AthensAthensWomenWomen• Focus on child bearing, cooking, managing the houseFocus on child bearing, cooking, managing the house• Little educationLittle education• No political powerNo political power• Opinions were respectedOpinions were respected• No escort – no leaving the houseNo escort – no leaving the house• Some “educated” for “conversation”Some “educated” for “conversation”SlavesSlaves• 1/3 of population1/3 of population• Mine, field, house workersMine, field, house workers• Usually conquered peopleUsually conquered people• Could be a citizen and a slaveCould be a citizen and a slave

Will talk later on Golden Age of AthensWill talk later on Golden Age of Athens