rudik dmitry -...
TRANSCRIPT
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The RED-100
Search for elastic coherent neutrino scattering off atomic nuclei at the Kalininskaya Nuclear Power Plant
Rudik Dmitry
AAP Workshop
CEA 2014
NATIONAL RESEARCH NUCLEAR UNIVERSITY MEPhI(Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)
Laboratory for Experimental Nuclear Physicshttp://enpl.mephi.ru/
Outline:
RED Collaboration RED-1 & obtained results RED-100 & Kalininskaya Power Plant Conclusion
2
2010
3
D.Sc. -2PhDs – 10Faculty - 12PhD students – 6Students – 10
LENPLENP2011
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5
10-44
10-43
10-42
10-41
10-40
10-39
0 2 4 6 8 10
Cro
ss S
ect
ion
[cm
2]
Neutrino Energy [MeV]
Elastic Scattering off Ar
Proton Inverse Beta Decay
σ elastic =GF
2
4 πN2 Eν
2
≈0 .4× 10−44 cm2 A2 Eν (MeV )2
E recoil ⩽ 716 eVEν
2(MeV )
A
Large cross-section
Small recoil energies
, k
, k ’
q
N e u t r a l c u r r e n t
+
+
+
+
, k
, k ’
q
N e u t r a l c u r r e n t
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
Coherent neutrino scattering off heavy nuclei
6IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE, VOL. 50, NO. 5, OCTOBER 2003
P. S. Barbeau, J. I. Collar, J. Miyamoto, and I. Shipsey
Recoil spectra from reactor e-antineutrino
C.Hagmann and A.Bernstein. Two-phase emission detector for measuring coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 51(2004)2151-2155.
LAr detector @ LLNL
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8Болоздыня 24.11.2011
7 FEU-181, MgF2
LXe RED-1 & Research reactor of MEPhI
arXiv:1212.1938
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2.5 MW Research reactor IRT MEPhI
1 – RED-1
2 – Fe/Al filter
3 – horizontal neutron channel GEK10
4 – starting point of MCNP simulations
5 – cooling water pool
6 – active zone
7 – heavy concrete shielding
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1 – detector RED-1; 2, 3 - shield 10 cm lead & 10 cm borated polyethylene; 4 — lead slice 5 cm; 5 polyethylene slice - 5 cm; 6 - paraffin; 7,8 – filter 30 cm Fe & 70 cm Al; 9 — reactor's concrete shield.
Specific ionization yield for the nuclear recoil with energy < 1 keV isn't known. Its obtainig is the main goal of our experiment at the MEPhI reactor.
Neutron total cross section of 27Al and of 56Fe (upper plot) and simulated neutron beam spectra before and after passing the filter (bottom plot).
arXiv:1212.1938
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Distribution of EL (S2) signals generated by single emitted electrons (green). Maximum of the Gauss fit is 15 ± 5 photoelectrons. Poisson distribution for 10 and 15 expectations are shown in pink and violet, respectively.
Typical gamma event in RED-1
Detection of Single Electrons
A.A. Burenkov et al Phys.Atom.Nucl. 72 (2009) 653-661, Yad. Fiz. 72 (2009) 693-701Doi: 10.1134/S1063778809040103
1212
Obtained results
Experimental data for the ionization yield of LXe for electron recoils and theoretical
predictions
D.Yu. Akimov et al 2014 JINST 9 P11014 doi:10.1088/1748-0221/9/11/P11014
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Source Energy, keV
Ionization yield, e-/keV
37Ar 2.82 48.3 ± 5.7 (syst.)
241Am, Np Lβ1
17.75 44.9 ± 2.7 (stat.) +
3.3 (syst.) – 5.1 (syst.)
241Am, esc. peak (59.5-29.5 keV)
30 47.8 ± 0.7 (stat.) +
3.3 (syst.) – 3.4 (syst.)
129Xe 40 49.0 ± 0.4(stat.) ± 1.7 (syst.)
83mKr 41.5 43.7 ± 0.1 (stat.) ± 2.8 (syst.)
241Am 59.5 49.5 ± 0.1(stat.) ± 3.4 (syst.)
131Xe 80 55.6 ± 0.8 (stat.) +
1.6 (syst.) – 1.9 (syst.)
137Cs 662 63.0 ± 0.2 (stat.) +
3.2 (syst.) – 3.8 (syst.)
USAKalininskaya NPP
1 m
0 . 5 m
H A M A M A T S UR 8 7 7 8
RED-100
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15
Titanium Warm vessel
Teflon Drift cage
Titanium Cold vessel
Array of 19 PMTs in Copper holder
Thermosyphon Cold Head
Copper T-screen
1m 68 cm
64 cm
RED-100
Material Mass, kg
Copper 310
Teflon 82
PMT R11410
38 pcs
Titanium
221
Array of 19 PMTs in Copper holder
Hamamatsu R11410-20
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16
0 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 4 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 7 0 0 1 8 0 0 1 9 0 01
1 0
1 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
O f f i c e ( 2 7 . 0 9 . 2 0 0 6 )
R o o m A 3 3 6 ( 2 9 . 0 9 . 2 0 0 6 )
γbackground under the reactorγbackground in the lab
Energy, keV
dN
\dE
, co
un
ts/k
eV
/kg
/ sKalininskaya Nuclear Power Plant (Udomlya)
GEMMA
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Signal/Noise
A: fSEE=100Hz
B: fSEE=10Hz
C: Signal
CR (>2 e) = 433/day/100 kg LXe
СR (E>1,8 MeV) = 27000/day/100kgLXe
Signal/Background
A: detector components
B: neutrons
C: Signal
Kalininskaya NPP facility: Фantineutrino = 1.35*1013 cm-2s-1
arXiv:1212.1938
18
Neutrino Spectra from fusions
Monitoring nuclear reactors
Detector response
Antineutrino flux evolution Daily power monitoring
LWR, 3GWt, L = 19m
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Conclusion
• Emission two-phase detectors are much promising technology to search for the Coherent Neutrino Scattering (CNS) effect
• CNS is interesting for fundamental Physics and for non-proliferation applications
• Capability to measure weak ionization from nuclear recoils below 1 keV energies is a key element toward the observation of CNS
Obtained results by RED-1 of low energy recoils region show an ability of such detectors to search for CNS effect
• RED-100 experimental installation is under development for observation of CNS and for development of a highly sensitive method of NPP monitoring
Thank you for your attention!
Our contacts:
http://enpl.mephi.ru - our website E-mails
[email protected] - Dr. Yuri Efremenko
[email protected] - Dr. Alexander Bolozdynya
[email protected] - Dmitry Akimov
[email protected] - my e-mail
Backup
16.12.14Болоздыня 24.11.2011
Electronics: RUN2013
LXe MEPhI 2014
Signals from PMTs
Fast preamplifiers
High sensitivity channelLow sensitivity channel
8-channel Phillips Scientific 772
A remote control switch.
0.5 or 5 gain possibility
Struck SIS3350 12-bit (2 ns sampling)
CAEN V1720 12-bit
(4 ns sampling)
From a fraction of a SPE to ~105 SPE!
16.12.14Болоздыня 24.11.2011
Calibration sources
LXe MEPhI 2014
Energy, keV 2.82 13.9 17.2 30 39.6 41.5 59.5 80.2 662
Isotope 37Ar 241Am 241Am 241Am 129Xe 83mKr 241Am 131Xe 137Cs
Description EC, Auger gamma gamma escape
peak n-gammaIC,
gamma, Auger
gamma n-gamma gamma
RUN2009 – + + + – + + – –
RUN2013 + – – – + + – + +
Table of energy lines and corresponding radioactive sources
83mKr line was used as a reference point to combine results of both datasets
16.12.14Болоздыня 24.11.2011
Data analysis: 37Ar
LXe MEPhI 2014
Distribution of S2 signal areas of 37Ar and 83mKr events; red - events from the 83mKr runs, blue – events from 37Ar runs, green – events from the runs with
both 37Ar and 83mKr in the detector (without lifetime correction).
The evaluated from 37Ar data free electron lifetime is 16 ± 5 μs.
Weighted average of krypton to argon ratio is
13.3 ± 1.3
16.12.14Болоздыня 24.11.2011
Ionization yield: Wi
LXe MEPhI 2014
Wi = 15.6 ± 0.3 eV (for MeV 207Bi electrons and γ)
T. Takahashi, S. Konno, T. Hamada et al., Phys. Rev. A12 (1975) 1771,Average energy expended per ion pair in liquid xenon
Wi = 16.5 ± 0.8 eV (for 122 keV 57Co γ)
M. Horn, V. A. Belov, D. Yu. Akimov et al., Phys. Lett. B705 (2011) 471,Nuclear recoil scintillation and ionisation yields in liquid xenon from ZEPLIN-III data
Wi = 14.27 ± 0.30 eV ← (1 + 0.06) * W = 13.46 ± 0.29 eV
T. Shutt, C.E. Dahl, J. Kwong et al., NIM A579 (2007) 451,Performance and fundamental processes at low energy in a two-phase liquid xenon darkmatter detector
Wi = 13.6 ± 0.2 eV
I. M. Obodovskii and S. G. Pokachalov, Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys. 5 (1979) 393,Average ion pair formation energy in liquid and solid xenon
Wi = 14.84 eV ← (1 + 0.06) * W = 14 eV
E. Aprile J. Angle, F. Arneodo et al., Astropart. Phys. 34 (2011) 679,Design and performance of the XENON10 dark matter experiment
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Spallation Neutron Source (ORNL)
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I n t e r f a c eL N D e w a r
Ground shielding
40 m from target
neutrino
10 m below ground level
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Signal/Noise
A: fSEE=100Hz
B: fSEE=10Hz
C: Signal
CR (>3 phe) = 1470/year/100 kg LXe
Signal/Background
A: Neutrons from cosmic rays
B: Components of RED100
C: Neutrons from SNS
D: Signal
RED-100 @ 40 m from the SNS target
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oV
V ( z )
z0
p
d N / d p
z
ze
e
e
Quasi-free electron emission from nonpolar dielectrics
oV
V ( z )
z
0
e
1V
( b )
V 1( z )=V 0−eF1 z+eA1 ,z< 0V 2 ( z )=−eF2 z+eA 2 ,z> 0
A1,2=−e ( ε1−ε 2) / [4 ε1,2 ( z+ξz /|z|)(ε1 +ε 2 )]