rubella virus info 1

08/07/2005 10:12 PMICTVdB Virus Description - 00.073.0.02.001. Rubella virus

of 5http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/00.073.0.02.001.htm

[Home] [ICTV Taxonomy - Index of Viruses] [Virus Descriptions] [Character List] [PictureGallery]

[Tutorial] [Online Data Retrieval & Identification] [Virus Isolate Registration & Submission][Search]

00.073.0.02.001. Rubella virus

Cite this publication as: Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed) (2003). 00.073.0.02.001. Rubella virus.In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 3. ICTVdB Management, The ColumbiaUniversity, Oracle, AZ, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 3.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Isolation Details

Location: Japan.

Classification

This is a description of a vertebrate virus at the species level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.073.0.02.001. Virus accession number: 73002001. Former viruscode: 73.0.2.0.001; former accession number: 73020001. NCBI TaxID: [11041].

ICTVdB Classification/H3> ICTV approved acronym: (RUBV). Virus isassigned to the genus 00.073.0.02. Rubivirus; family 00.073.Togaviridae.

Morphology

Virions have a complex construction and consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. Duringtheir life cycle, virions have not been observed outside a cellular environment. They havea cell-associated cycle. The virus core (capsid) is surrounded by a lipid envelope withstructural proteins. Virions are spherical and measure 60-70 nm in diameter. The surfaceprojections are distinctive spikes evenly covering the surface. Surface projections are 5-8nm long. The nucleocapsid is round and exhibits icosahedral symmetry.



Physicochemical and Physical Properties

The molecular mass (Mr) of virions is 52 x 106. Virions have a buoyant density in sucrose of1.18-1.19 g cm-3, or 1.22 g cm-3. The sedimentation coefficient is 280 S20w. The thermalinactivation point (TIP) is at 58°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 0.35 days (at 37°C inculture medium). Following UV radiation virion infectivity is rapidly inactivated by heatingfor 10 min above 5°C. The virus can be stored for several days in the presence of proteinat 4°C and keep infectious for prolonged intervals belowt -60°C. Virions are sensitive totreatment with organic solvents and detergents, which solubilzes their envelops.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is not segmented and consists of a single molecule of linear, positive-sensesingle-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 9757 nucleotides long. The RNA has beenfully and partially sequenced. The fully sequenced genome is 9757 nucleotides long andcan be accessed at GenBank with the accession number [M15240]. The 5'-end of thegenome has a methylated nucleotide cap. The 3'-terminus has a poly (A) tract. Referenceto nucleotide sequence PubMed ID: [86317717] ; [88226020] ; [90281585] .

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 3structural proteins located in the envelope and nucleocapsid. The viral envelope contains 2integral membrane proteins.

Structural Proteins: Envelope protein E1 has a molecular mass of 58000 Da and is theproduct of the polyprotein of 110 kd, translated from the 24S subgenomic mRNA. Envelopeprotein has the accession number [P08563] and is expressed in the late transcriptionphase. E1 is forming the viral spikes that contain neutralization and hemagglutininepitopes. During post-translational processing envelope protein has been cleaved from theprecursor polyprotein coding for the structural proteins E1, E2 and C. Modifications occurthat include glycosylation with N-linked glycans. Envelope protein E2 has a molecular massof about 42000-48000 Da; has been sequenced; is expressed in the late transcriptionphase. During post-translational processing envelope protein modifications occur thatinclude heavy glycosylation with both N- andO-linked glycans. Nucleocapsid protein C has amolecular mass of 33000 Da; is the product of the polyprotein 110 kd precursor, which hasbeen sequenced. Sequence has the accession number [P08563]. Protein C is expressed inthe late transcription phase and interacts with the virus genome to form the nucleocapsid,which possesses a basic quality through its rich content in arginine and lysine.

Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been identified bysequence analysis (Johnstone P, Whitby J, Bosma T, Best JM and Sanders PG. Sequencevariation in 5' termini of rubella virus genomes: Changes affecting structure of the 5'proximal stem-loop. Arch. Virol.).

Lipids

Lipids are present and are located in the envelope.



Biological Properties

Natural Host Range

Virus infects during its life cycle a single type of vertebrate host. Viral hosts belong to theDomain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya Kingdom Animalia.

Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata.

Phylum Vertebrata Subphylum Vertebrata; Class Mammalia.

Class Mammalia Order Primates; Family Hominidae.

General Symptoms in Animals Infection can affect the endocrine or exocrine system, anddermis, mucosa or epithelium. General symptoms include fever and rashes. Signs andsymptoms include maculopapular; erythema marginatum. Lesions are found in skin ordermis.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host 1: Although disease expression is dependent on dose, infection is usually subacute.The infection can be clinically expressed, but 50% of rubella infections are clinicallyinapparent. Signs and symptoms may vary, but are usually mild and disappear soon afterinfection. Prevalence of viral infection is seasonally dependent, and incidences of virusinfection are usually observed in spring. Contagiousness is moderate and infected hostremains contagious for 12 days. The incubation period lasts usually 16-20 days.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

The virus is not transmitted by a vector. The virus is transmitted by contact between hostsand by kissing.

Non-Vector Transmission: The virus is by inhaling; likelihood of viral transmission byrespiratory route is significant.

Diagnostic Hosts

For virus isolation the most commonly used cell lines or tissue cultures are from throatwashings.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Cell lines or tissue cultures used for propagating virus are AGMK TC, Rab K TC and otherTC.

Pathology

The virus can be detected best in the respiratory tract.



Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide. The viral host lives under aerobic conditions.

Taxonomic Structure of the Species

List of Strains in the Species

379; A1; A2; A3; A4; A5; A6; BRD2; C3130; CT; HS; IM; M33; Matsuba; Matsuura Progenitor;NC; SM; TCRB 19; To 336; Takahashi; WK; YT.

References

Frey TK, Marr LD, Hemphill ML and Dominguez G (1986). Molecular cloning andsequencing of the region of the rubella virus genome coding for glycoprotein E1.Virology 154 (1), 228-232 (PMID: 3755848).

Frey TK and Marr LD (1988). Sequence of the region coding for virion proteins C and E2and the carboxy terminus of the nonstructural proteins of rubella virus: comparisonwith alphaviruses. Gene 62 (1), 85-99 (PMID: 2836271).

Dominguez G, Wang CY and Frey TK (1990). Sequence of the genome RNA of rubellavirus: evidence for genetic rearrangement during togavirus evolution. Virology 177(1), 225-238 (PMID: 2353453).

The description has been generated automatically fromDELTA files.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee onTaxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virusdescriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdBManagement using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report.The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the characterlist and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automaticallygenerated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

ICTVdB and DELTA related References

Last updated: 15 August 2003 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond Web Page generated from ICTVdB by the DELTA systems.

Copyright © 2002 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. All rights reserved.

rubella virus info 1

Documents