rtos by shibu
DESCRIPTION
Basic introduction to real time operating systems..Do give a feedback about the presentation.TRANSCRIPT
REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS
(RTOS)
By :- Shibu krishnan
What is an Operating System?
A more formal definition!
Operating system is a piece of software which controls all the computer’s resources and provides the base upon which the application programs can be written
Where your OS sits in your System?
compilersdatabasesword processors
CPUmemoryI/O devices
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
Stand-Alone Operating systemNetwork Operating systemsEmbedded Operating systems
Stand-Alone Operating system
It is a complete operating system that works on a desktop or notebook computer. Examples of stand-alone operating systems are:DOSWindows 2000 professionalMac OS X
Network Operating systems
It is an operating system that provides extensive support for computer networks. A network operating system typically resides on a server. Examples of a network Operating system are:Windows 2000 serverUnixLinuxSolaris
Embedded Operating system
You can find this operating system on handheld computers and small devices. It resides on a ROM chip. Examples of embedded operating systems are :oWindows CEoPocket PC 2002oPalm OS
What is RTOS?A real-time operating system (RTOS) that supports real-time applications and embedded systems. Real-time applications have the requirement to meet task deadlines in addition to the logical correctness of the results.
Multiple events handled by a single processor
Events may occur simultaneously
Processor must handle multiple, often competing events
Difference between a General purpose operating system(GPOS) and an RTOS
A GPOS is used for systems/applications that are not time critical.
In the case of a GPOS – task scheduling is not based on “priority”,it is programmed to achieve high throughputA GPOS is made for high end, general purpose systems whereas RTOS is usually designed for a low end, stand alone device All the process and threads in RTOS has got bounded latencies – which means –a process/thread will get executed within a specified time limit.
Classification real time systems(RTS)
Hard Real Time System
Firm Real Time System
Soft Real Time System
Hard Real time:
Here missing an individual deadline results in catastrophic failure of the system which also causes a great financial loss . The examples for Hard real time systems are: Air traffic control Nuclear power plant control
Firm Real time:
In this, missing a deadline results in unacceptable quality reduction. Technically there is no difference with hard Real time, but economically the disaster risk is limited. Examples for Firm real time are :Failure of Ignition of a automobileFailure of opening of a safe
Soft real time:
Here the dead line may not be fulfilled and can be recovered from. The reduction in system quality and performance is at an acceptable level. Examples of Soft real time systems :Multimedia transmission and reception Networking, telecom (Mobile) networks websites and servicesComputer games
Features of an RTOS: •Context switching latency should be short. This means that the time taken while saving the context of current task and then switching over to another task should be short.
•The time taken between executing the last instruction of an interrupted task and executing the first instruction of interrupt handler should be predictable and short. This is also known as interrupt latency.
•Similarly the time taken between executing the last instruction of the interrupt handler and executing the next task should also be short and predictable. This is also known as interrupt dispatch latency.
•Reliable and time bound inter process mechanisms should be in place for processes to.
•Similarly the time taken between executing the last instruction of the interrupt handler and executing the next task should also be short and predictable. This is also known as interrupt dispatch latency.
•Reliable and time bound inter process mechanisms should be in place for processes to communicate with each other in a timely manner.
•An RTOS should have support for multitasking and task preemption. Preemption means to switch from a currently executing task to a high priority task ready and waiting to be executed.
•RTOS should be fault tolerant
Some of the most widely used RTOS are:- •LynxOS•OSE•QNX•RTLinux•VxWorks•Windows CE
Programming languages Used
C is most widely used in RTOS programming
C++ and Ada are the next more popular for large projects.
Java may also be a choice for some applications
Thank you