royal higher institute for defense – 12 march 14 detection … · 2016-08-05 · detection...
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Detection Methods in Rapidly Deployable Laboratories for CBRN Emergencies
Royal Higher Institute for Defense – 12th March 14
Pr. Dr. JL GalaMed Colonel,
Director BE Mil-AcadBiotech Platform CTMA/DLD-Bio
Center for Applied Molecular Technologies /
Defence Laboratories Department-Biothreats
UCL-Brussels, Belgium
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OBJECTIVE
� Genetic diseases
� Biomarkers / Biosensors
� Infectious diseases :
identification of
pathogens, virulence &
antibiotic resistance…
Academic (UCL) & Clinical pole
(St Luc Univ Hospital)
BE-Defence(DLD)
RESOURCES
Applied sciences - Technological transfer unit
ClinicalGenetic Testing
DLD-Bio
Genetic Research
Spin-off
Identification
Diagnosis
1
Engineering
Biostatistics
Bioinformatics
Biological –Medical genetics
CTMA / DLD-Bio
R&D Clinical / Ops applicationsTransfert
Also in the field !
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AIM: To connect EU projects dealing with deployable capacities !
1. FP7- SEC-MIRACLE (2013): MobIle Laboratory for the Rapid Assessment of CBRN Threats Located within and outside the EU (CTMA coordination)
2. FP7-SEC-PRACTICE (2011): Preparedness and Resilience against CBRN Terrorism using Integrated Concepts and Equipment
3. FP7-SEC-EDEN (2013): End-user driven DEmo for CBRNE
4. FP7-SEC-CAERUS (2014): Evidence-based policy for post-crisis stabilisation:bridging the gap
1. EBLN-EMS4 - Database of B-agents (Genetic profiling of deadly B-agents)2. JIP-CBRN call-1 & -2: - BFREE (CBRN mixed samples
handling and analysis) - RACED (monitoring of
decontamination
EFC
B-LiFE - IAP/ARTES20: Biological Light Fieldablelaboratory for Emergencies(CTMA coordination)
ESA
EDA
EC-FP7-SEC (CBRN)
CBRN matrix
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(a) « CBRN emergencies » in our daily life ?
(b) Most worrying threats ?
(c) Rationale for rapidly deployable capacities and
related issues ?
Detection Methods in Rapidly Deployable Laboratories for CBRN Emergencies
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(a) What do CBRN(E) threats mean in our daily life ?
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6
March 1995
Augustus 2013
Lethal coumpoundsNeed for rapid local identification – Forensic aspect !
March 1988
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7
Nov 2006
Nov 2004
?
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Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Death rate : 50- 70%
Contagious and lethal diseasesNeed for rapid local management !
Viral Hemorraghic Fevers in Africa :
3 different outbreaks in 2012 !
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Anthrax outside «military field» !
CTMA/ DLDL-Bio
? ?
Deadly anthrax cases (USA Sept 2001)
versus
Countless anthrax copycats
White powder – Anthrax
BELGACOM towers, Belgium, 11 Jan 2013
Deliberate release
human infection ?
?
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(a) What do CBRN threats mean in our daily life ?
(b) What are the most worrying CBRN threats ?
(c) Rationale for rapidly deployable capacities and
related issues ?
Detection Methods in Rapidly Deployable Laboratories for CBRN Emergencies
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annéesheuresHours Days Years
De
ath
s
C / E / R
BC / R / E
B
Biological agents :
Mostly covert incidents with delayed lethality
Impact = (% affected) X (speed of spread)
Risk = Likelihood X Impact
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Common Mil-Civ Needs:Joint efforts and cooperation
VIRUSES FUNGI PROTOZOAEBACTERIA PRIONS (?)
Challenges: Rapid, specific and sensitive DIM
- Deadly for human beings, animals and crops- Contaminating the environment
TOXINS
Mitigate CBRN risks : same identification tools and technologies : Dual !
Intentional release onlyCBRN cases
Natural outbreak –Endemic zone
Daily infectionsHospital – Ops «in-field»
POTENTIAL THREATS OCCASIONAL THREATSCOMMON THREATS
Best validation & trg model
NOT EXPECTED in environment
Civ-Mil Concern
Terrorism - Risk in war zone (Ops)
PRESENT in natural environment
Civ-Mil Concern
Risk in Epid & endemic area in Ops
COMMON in daily life
Civ-Mil Risk anytime, anywhere
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Detection of Biological Warfare Agents (BWA): The "Dirty Dozen" (WHO)
Initial Non SpecificSymptoms
Pathogen
Bacteria
FLU SYNDROME
NONSPECIFIC SYMPTOMS
[fatigue, myalgia, fever, headache, nonproductive
cough, chest pain, respiratory distress, high
fever, abdominal pain vomiting, diarrhea]
Inhalation AnthraxBacillus anthracis
Pneumonic PlagueYersinia pestis
TularemiaFrancisella tularensis
(Rabbit Fever)
BrucellosisBrucella suis
Q-FeverCoxiella burnetii
Glanders:Burkholderia mallei
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Viruses SmallpoxVariolavirus
Venet. Equine EnzephalitisVEE-Virus
Marburg-Fever(Viral Hemorrh. Fever)
Marburg-Virus
Toxins BotulismClostridium botulinum
Ricin-IntoxicationRicin
SEB-IntoxicationStaphylococcal-Toxin
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STANAG 4632
(Edition 1)
Study Draft 3
NAVY/ARMY/AIR
NATO STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENT
(STANAG)
DEPLOYABLE CBRN Analytical laboratory
STANAG 4632
CDC Cat. Agent Name
A Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)
Yersinia pestis (Plague)
Francisella tularensis
Smallpox
Viral hemorrhagic fevers : filoviruses and arenaviruses
Botulinum Toxin
B Brucella melitensis
Burkholderia mallei
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Coxiella burnettii
encephalitis viruses (e.g. VEE, EEE-virus)
Chlamydia psittaci
Rickettsia prowazekii
Ricin toxin
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B
Toxins of Clostridium perfringens (alpha, beta,
epsilon and iota)Food and water safety
threats
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(a) What do CBRN threats mean in our daily life ?
(b) What are the most worrying CBRN threats ?
(c) Rationale for rapidly deployable capacities and
related issues ?
(1.Lab architecture, 2.Sample collection, 3.Type of sample, 4.DIM,
5.results interpretation, 6.logistical constraints)
Detection Methods in Rapidly Deployable Laboratories for CBRN Emergencies
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Rationale: Some agents are very contagiousrapidly lethal, no reliable clinical identification
Monkeypox, Chickenpox… or Smallpox ?Need for rapid differential diagnostic tests !
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Protect RecoverRespond
Prevent
Deter
Act
ions
to
unde
rtak
eag
ains
t
caus
es
Act
ions
to u
nder
take
agai
nst
effe
cts
Before incident During After incident
PREPAREDNESS / PLANNING
RESPONSE / RECOVERY
DETECTION - MONITORING - IDENTIFICATION
SITUATIONAL AWARENESS & RESILIENCE
Rationale for radidly deployable capacity ?Role in the whole CBRN Disaster Life Cycle
CB
RN
Inci
dent
-C
onse
quen
ces
-C
risis
Man
agem
ent
Dec
isio
nS
uppo
rt -
Com
mun
icat
ion
To reinforce EU preparedness to crises affecting internal-and external-borders
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1. What is the best architecture for a CBRN health crisis
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Mobile capacityfor CRBN or for Health crisis ?
CBRN crisis
MILITARY specificationsCIV-MIL specifications
Health crisis
Scarce « Ops-certified » structure – funding?Several « Ops-certified » structure – joint capacity is possible – funding possible !!!
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Mobile capacityfor CRBN or for Health crisis ?
Common Civ-Mil specifications– HARDWARE: Analytical equipement– SOFTWARE: Communication, site selection, georeferencing– HUMAN RESOURCE: Expertise
– Full CBRN shelter protection – Heavy shelter, slowly deployable– Sampling team– Ops military C2
– B-specific– Light Fieldable– First responders (nurses, MD)– GOARN / WHO / EC DEVCO
CBRN crisis
MILITARY specificationsCIV-MIL specifications
Common HEART
Health crisis
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From a simple inflatable tent … To a wooden hut…
Extremely rapidly deployable and Ops !
Gary Kobinger (PHA CA,
Personal Communication)
Kuya Kumpala Camp Kampungu Lab Layout
CBRNE CoE, Square Meeting, Brussels
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2. On site sample collectionDuring / After a CBRN health
crisis ?
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Triage and
decontamination
Casualty clearing
station
Ambulance
loading point
Outer cordon
Out
In
Incident control
point
Silver
command
Inner cordonIncident
Hot zone Warm zone Cold zone
Clean/dirty line
PPE
CBRN Incident
For CBRN crisis due to lethal B-agents:
Aerosol spread – critical infrastructure
Deadly outbreak - Health crisis: Limits ?
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Military Sampling team : EU-Security and Research
Conference (SRC'10), Oostende, Sept 2010
Belgian presidency of the EU–council
14 Cie – 4 BnGn, Jambes, BE-Defence: Processing of a suspected sample(manual or automated collection, decontamination, transport to the field lab)
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Civilian sampling team for major
natural outbreaks
Viral Hemorraghic Fever
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3. What type of samples ? … Any type !
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Sampling for a quick analysis of risks: defined by the type of CBRN
crisis
Environmentalsamples
Various Matrixes: Air / Soil / ground
Water / Crops
National team of experts
NATO/SIBCRA
Biologicalsamples
(Human / animal)
Various Matrixes: Blood, aspirate(CSF, lung),feces, urine, tissue biopsy…
Med / Vet team
?
Point of care testing
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4. DIM Methods ( Detection, Identification, M onitoring) ?
DIM or the quest for the « Holy Grail »
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The « Too Many » issue !
Many…… • Actors and Disciplines• Objectives • Pathways: wind, climate, matrixes…• Targets (strains,…)
– Background little understood – Pathogenic strains difficult to distinguish from near
neighbours
• But also many methods !(qualitative or quantitative…)
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In-field Genetic-based identification: Rapid, specific, reproducible, safe !
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Lung infection
Daily hospital challenge : Detect to treat !
…..Need for rapid identification tools
Various causes (terrorism – environnement – hospital…..) – common symptoms
Bone infectionSkin infection
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In-field monitoring of health-threateningagents nearby a Military settlement
• Monkeypox outbreak
• Ebola outbreak
Real-time PCR
• Resistant Tuberculosis
Endpoint-PCR
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Response time
Selectivity Sensitivity Warning Detection Identifi-cation
Monito-ring
Survey / recce
MolecularGenetics ☺☺☺☺ ☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺ ☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺ --- + +++ + +
Immuno ☺☺☺☺ ���� ���� - ++ - + -
Opticaldetection ☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺ ☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺ ? ☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺ ? +++ ☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺ ? ☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺ ? + +
Physicaldetection ☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺ ���� ���� ++ + - ++ +
HybridTechnologies ☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺ ☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺ ☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺ ☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺ ☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺ ☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺ ☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺ ☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺
Holy Grail: hybrid identification methods !
Holy Grail
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5. Results Interpretation and reporting
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Standardisation of Methods –Harmonization of procedures
• Specificity/selectivity• Sensitivity / Limit of detection (LOD)• Precision (within the laboratory repeatability and/or
within the laboratory reproducibility conditions)• Uncertainty of measurement (e.g., 95% CI)• Linearity and working range• Accuracy (bias) (under within laboratory
repeatability and/or within laboratory reproducibility conditions) at the threshold concentration
• Precision (under within laboratory repeatability and/or within laboratory reproducibility conditions) at the threshold concentration
• Stability, Ruggedness and Robustness• False-alarm rate• …….
- Internal Validation
- Proficiency tests
(round robin )
Internat. Org. for
Standard.
(ISO 17025, 15189…)
EC-JRC policy
In Bio Weaknesses !!!
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6. Logistical constraints
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Deployment constraints
• Balance the volume/weight of the equipments with the technical /logistic needs and constraints
• Robust /portable “cutting edge” technologies: avoid the loss or damage of often sensitive equipments during the journey and deployment.
• Selective, sensitive, reliable and validated identification of health-threatening B-agents in a large range of samples (complex matrixes)
• Compliant with Biosecurity and Biosafety standards
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Workers health protection: Biosafety level: BSL4 - BSL3- BSL2 ?
… Anyhow always « inactivate » the sample!
Gary Kobinger (PHA CA, Personal Communication)
- Preliminary inactivation of biological agents
- Nucleic acid based-identification
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Miniaturisation – Ruggedization
Do-it-yourself MOTS
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Prevention
B-agent inactivation on the
field
Miniaturisation
Rhodotron Accelerators
INDUSTRIAL ELECTRON-BEAMPROCESSING
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Main issue: Unbroken cold chain
Lyophilization of the reagents !
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6. Way ahead
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44
B-Life Projects: Integration of Space-based technologies Sat Communications, Sat Navigation (GPS/GNSS), Earth observation (site selection)
GPS – EGNOS – GALILEO
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Georeferencing Localization of samples
& Sampling team Localization
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Earth Observation: (a) Site selection
Candidate deployment
sites 50-500m
(b) Sampling team guidance
Sat- and phone-guidance
(c) Crisis Evaluation
Population estimations, trends
and monitoring over time
Al Mafraq – Jordan
Refugee camp
authorized area
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Integrate Multidisciplinary
CBRN expertise
Avoid CBRN fragmentation
Identification (assays)Provisional, unambiguous, Forensics
CBRN (clinical/environmental)
samples in the field
Biosafety issues(inactivation , and decontamination)
Crisis intensitySingle >< Mixed CBRN threats
Pre-analytical
Analytical
Standardisation(Interoperability, Procedures, Equipments)
Inside >< outside EUCross-border crisis
� EU Integration (existing EU
initiatives and capacities :
SANCO, ECDC, ECHO,…)
� Compatibility with existing
international expertise
� Sustainability (business case)
� Evolution (Cutting edge
technologies, training, skills,
knowledge)
Overhead structure or organisation
Biosecurity - Logistics - Secure Communication / Interoperability - Crisis management
EC/SEC/MIRACLE PROJECT
CBRN mobile lab : Definition? Need?
…… Global Architecture ?
Scalability
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END