royal greek portrait coins : being an illustrated treatise on the portrait coins of the various...
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eonthe
skingdoms,
eferences
ndrulers.
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icDomain,Google-digitized
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athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
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use#pd-google
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portraitcoinagesoftheHellenisticmonarchsaredeservedly
-popularwithcollectorsofancientcoins.Theseissues
haracteristicwhichnoautonomouscoinagecanhopetorival,
merofthe utmostinterestandimportancetocollectors,
ans.Theypresentuswithanextraordinaryseriesofliving
alitysuchasonly aGreekartistcouldproduce.These
amousorobscure,oreven quiteunknowntohistory,live
.Theirseveralcharacters,theirgreatnessandtheir
realtous oncemore.
tisticallyinferiorreversesoftheseroyalcoinages
entlybearinterestingallusionstocontemporaryevents
ofthedynasty.Orthey giveimportantrepresentationsof
heruler'sfavoritedeity,or suggesthispoliticalaimsand
etimescommemorative,sometimesproclamatory.They
gnalyears,so thatindividualcoinscanbecloselydated
eventswhichbroughtthemforth orinfluencedthechoice
enproducedwiththeadvancedstudentorcollector
anypretenseatcompleteness.Itisprimarilyintended
ectorsingeneraltothefascinatingportraitcoinagesof
tetheirgreathistoric andartisticinterest;tosketchin,
ndhistoricalbackgroundofboththecoinagesand their
outexception,itdealswiththeportrait coinagesonly,
nsilver.Whereno silverexist,orareparticularlydiffi-
onthe goldcoinsorthemoreavailablecopper.It
MacedonthefatheroftheHellenisticAgeandhis
thendscribesthe issuesofAlexander'svariousgen-
eDiadochoior"Successors"parexcellence.Itthenpro-
one,theportrait coinagesofthemanykingdomswhich
gmentsof Alexander'smightyempire.Itcloseswith
e,NumidiaandMauretaniawhich,whileneverforming
verthe less,historicallyandartistically,onewiththe
.
oobulkyandforbidding,somelimithad tobeset.
st Christiancenturyhasbeensomewhatarbitrarily
chtobringourlittle surveytoaclose.Thatdatewould
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kissues.Thereaftersuchroyalcoinagesas stillcontinued
eekfeelingandbecomepurelyRomanonthe onehand,
ther.Evenwithinourlimitscertainminordynastiesor
deitherbecausenothingisknownoftheir history,orbe-
gibleor sorareasto bepracticallyunobtainable.Among
the BosporankingsandthePolemoniandynastywhose
hantheyare Greek.Wehavealsodeemeditadvisable,
soverthe pettyrulersofBithynia,Cilicia,Commagene,
c.
snecessarilyleanedheavilyuponmanywellknown
sbeingpossibletomakedue acknowledgmentineach
toexpresshisgrateful thanksfortheextendeduse
HouseofSeleucus";A.Bouche-Leclercq,"Histoiredes
"AHistoryofEgyptunderthePtolemaicDynasty";
royaumesd'AsieMineure";suchstandardworksas"The
y,"Pauly-Wissowa,Smith's"BiographicalDictionary"
einestimablyvaluableintroductionstobefoundinthe
talogueofGreekCoinsinthe BritishMuseum."
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cedon
her of
markable
one ofthe
eata bi-
stypesand
ementitmore
asofana-
herwhich
duced.
ittleGreek
kinthelocal
ocalin
gh,inthe
mercialcen-
Corinth,
ensivelyout-
ftheissuing
itsveryin-
nafarbroad-
Hera-
eroappear
riots,jockeys,
nsandsym-
nghimselfas
nalarmy,
rses.This
onemint
arkablefor
extentof
meunri-
ofAsia.
asinstantane-
piedforcen-
opy
Asia Minor,
yinGaul,
silvertetra-
sivelyimitated,
Macedonia
mmediate
lesstribesre-
ania,Bul-
dAustria.
orkedfor
etime,itun-
dtothemint
calitiesof
parently
nttomark
ate symbol
nsiblemagis-
ofthe
rPhiliphim-
m
posthumous
erscholars,
weenthecon-
mouscoins
ceededto
materialto
houtThrace,
Greece
ymbolsor
enamesor
Greektowns,
hapro-
ken,asitre-PublicDomain,Google-digitized
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esofcoins
andmints
truckfrom
hermore,
ganizerand
tainlywould
deachlittle
king money
tesupervision
dhaveproved
oovesthe
dePhilip's
econtem-
mous.The
nguished
tyle,and
eirsymbols
orthemost
nsofAlex-
andtheir
s,along-
o frequently
,because
ingreat
allystruck
abouta
eties,about
r,andprac-
s.We find
hs,eighths
achms,di-
bols,triobols
ls;and,finally,
By paying
ceofdies,
e'ssymbol
sor,etc.,the
eadilyinto
ralminor
smaycer-
sentingthe
gestcities
mostim-
mphipolis.
assituated
silvermines
rrounding
hat these
thisreign
ning.In
aters, silver
ndhemi-
rcoins,all
dinscriptions
pi
es;Reverse,
ppi.This
lip,situated
oldminesof
ed,hedrew
nts ayear!
llardiplo-
moreirre-
essof his
owerin
ntforhis
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nyingre-
ctedastride
ancingslowly
rdedand
dthe na-
Kausia."
intheguise
mmander-
leaderof
ghtarmin
firstrepre-
wenowcall
358B.C.
drenamed
pi. Heat
herethe
onedabove.
rbecause
r tothe
asnotlarge
emandsnow
dspecie,
s werein-
tralmints,
lis.For
senwere the
eobverse,
oping
nofthegreat
t won(357
otraces.
ergoldde-
fHeracles,
cedonian
rsetypessuch
racles,or
ols.Suchwere
pularly
quickly
htdownthe
ver,from
typeof
sfurther
hemounted
eofalittle
branchofvic-
e
orseto the
irectal-
byPhilipat
chheseems
proud.Like-
ll thesmall
ofallbutthe
ominations
eofhorses
nameimplies.
reatroyal
ge,an
avecom-
twhosetrue
aidbyPhilip.
narrow,
utlookofthe
s,therenow
international
so strongly
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ertheGreat
ekbehe
eror more
dertheGreat.
ofthemighti-
ndthedras-
changes
madeapro-
eworld.Sober
airytales
nwritten
ntures.
ethanever,
cess,thebril-
sticismof
ofhisvision,
alshipin-
neralreader.
matist,the
all partsof
able hand
usedin-
oinstobe
saresult,
gthemost
ndthecol-
destmeans
veseriesso
eofthemost
mes.
dbeen
er'sfather
gthe re-
mselfpre-
aMinor.His
36B.C.did,
gabouta
companied
hreat of
heyoung
tothetask
lyuponhis
vesoflight-
onception
redtheap-
nin all
powerorhis
heGreek
atherat
4B.C.,and
imsomeof
meofitin-
aimedleader
taryenemy,
stedgen-
crossingof
erwitha
acedonians,
contingents
ce,nowin-
usthave
e assome-
rainedad-
yhaveap-
toGoliath
nderwith
menanda
ePersian
om the
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sswiftmarches
econsum-
essenergy
e.Onesuc-
ersianarmy
eated,de-
ftercity
apitulate;
astraversed
mousand
shis ablest
medtimeand
derstoodon
n distant
o thevery
reatweari-
erthecir-
ookthearmy
r.Alex-
.,theworld's
edcapitalof
mediately
datinghis
thediverse
dingtogether
th,atthe
dendedfor
begun.
ndsoon
sheldat
sconsidered
eHellenes
emiesthe
,fromthe
edforthin
spectof
eandsingle,
earsthe
fwisdomas
oof the
soverBar-
peciallyto
fAlexander's
stPersia,
antypeof
ithherser-
earlier
quentlyre-
edorthe
n-headed
heeastwhich
ppropriately
egoldcoins
fvictory,
efullyad-
wninghis
ofthis
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ngaean
oinedin the
edby the
redfromthe
bearthe
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aturesfre-
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msAlex-
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eroes,a
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athitrust.org/access_use#pd-google
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ainedthesame
sis pre-
scinating
ance,illus-
other com-
nhis name.
ncipal
tinuedby
ndAmphi-
l,theircoins
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eirdie cut-
rksbeyond
softhe
hemoment
andthe
omhishome
nalmints
eepnotonly
garrisons,his
arwardser-
orthispur-
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wereusually
herplaces,
ngat
heHellespont
ingcenter
the capital
tyofsouth-
edasamint
ydestroyed
us,capital
dsouthern
tanttrade
ackSea.At
only magis-
bols,butthe
localconno-
bricofthe
ocloselythe
hattheir
etermine.
exander
eswhose
eright of
Empire.
medtothose
ypesand
obethoseof
ocalsig-
forsuch
rususedthe
,Aradus,
onogramsor
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tormedafter
esiege,was
ertedintoa
edofcoining
e modern
edtheprivi-
yhad ap-
tpreviously,
ttersalso
onforher
me.About
ikewise
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pturedby
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of prime
hisreason
mintmark,
onogramsof
vast
callyends.
epton
ompleting
menidem-
usa,Per-
,together
sstoredthere,
cedonian
imselfnever
nany of
tlyafterhis
escom-
anaand
etedour
hichhe
whichhe
eredes-
llyun-
centuries.
mostpopular
ofalltimes.
ERTHEGREAT
smint.
mint.
phipolis
amint.
usmint.
nt.
nt.
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us
ndertype
style
ype
vedthat
acedonian
riginally
cehewasa
tion,andthis
at,though
der,wehear
tionedasone
guardatthe
nIndia.A
ngthe Trier-
herthan
dependent
er.
reof
sticoftheman.
twhenjn
dhisfriends
lparknear
tackedbyan
hseverely
heneverthe-
vercamethe
edcourage
husearly
udlycom-
nhiscoins.
eadbelow,
rtofa lion
dardtype
ethehalf-
rsonalsymbol
vercoins.
edtosup-
sreallyof
hetaleofhis
ginbeing
ypropa-
emies.Be
tingtonote
he division
der'sdeath,
htheimpor-
shipof
udedthe
esewhich
ntoverwhich
eenAsiaand
gthecom-
onianarmies
eland.It
spontthat
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populous
rewtheir
usLysim-
eholdingof
ateposi-
province
ifiedorsub-
premacy.
Maronea,
ottedits
independent
ytoassert
eearliest
cariouswas
ncyoverthe
north,such
,Odessus,
Whileasfor
sandkings
openrebel-
ved.Ob-
Lysimachus
ksvolumes
courage
ebelli-
verwhelm-
machusyet
ctory.
nderstand-
of his
ofthe
positionin
dated,the
llentangle-
uarrelsand
At this
esofCallatis,
utin open
hiansjoined
nusthrewa
asinto
r.Thesitua-
imachusrose
sion.With
rgyhe threw
sanddrove
e captured
sieged
rcehere,
edthepasses
by Seuthes,
myandforced
eathofits
tulatednot
C.ageneral
nthesatraps,
orehabili-
warsoon
huskepthim-
the site
wcapital
Lysimachus
inghisown
withthelong
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ue ofthe
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erwhelming
urageand
tedarmy
ts,and,
mbers,with-
ubbornly
eway.
funtil
hecampaign.
winterquar-
wnotfar
me,
sjoinedhands,
ceonthe
ll,his army
metriuses-
erehe sought
warwas
dhimself
ernAsia
atedanex-
dsilverat
estus,
ndriaTroas,
Magnesiaand
earAlex-
rovidedwith
spersonal
n. These
hen,about
edbyanew
uty,simul-
the mints
d,idealized
r,adorned
mon,pro-
ereverse
utifullyex-
atedtoI.,
hieldwhile
tsheholds
ocrownsthe
reath.Gold
msand
ypes.The
ichthese
attestthe
theirmints
ofLysim-
domin-
mintscom-
eraclea,
andothers.
chusseized
eninggrasp
mintsofPella
rfarfrom
emassof
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ediatesuc-
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nsuchastound-
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an,sprung
cy,was
Alexander
tictype,
e
,perhaps,but
ous,ambitious,
ilysteadfast
haracteristics
eslowerthan
becameone
ompanions,
ertainminor
the"infantry
ofthe
nder'sdeath
erofthecav-
iccas.
rowingam-
Perdiccas,
part;andin
Empire at
pe
ewasre-
fBabylon.
hisprovince
snewsub-
thhisap-
n,madehim
ntigonuswho
othe supreme
us'position
thewas
nandsought
pt.Ap-
efofthe
pentthenext
coastsof
lly,in3I2
tinthegreat
emycom-
Poliorcetes,son
moutof
uadriga
unity.With
thousand
y,hemade
scountry
ountless
dityandabil-
edbandsud-
bylon.His
eringwellhis
imwithac-
wasover-
edoncemore
edayof
ent,October
wardscele-
andfromit
nSeleucidEra,
formany
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athitrust.org/access_
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Seleucus'
ged.Not
smadeart
erBabylonfor
andthe
e citadelsof
wers,defeated
baffled.
onsolidated
306 B.C.
ng.Oneby
sofMedia,
sehadbeen
einvadedIn-
nquestsof
counteredun-
epersonof
kingofMa-
ore famous
mighty
ntagonists
entand
withhimas
thefinest
hedoubt-
able suc-
ernrivals.
oinedhis
esummerof
ghtand
ernAsia
thede-
hichended
eallies.
usfledfor
ooldfriends
,Lysmachus
Asiatic
eenthemand
onsolidatea
chedfrom
rders of
hecoin-
eleucus'rise
faithfully
sofhis pos-
nureof the
edexten-
ththetypes
ldstaters,
hmsandtheir
gequantities
antmintof
withmoney
utalso,to a
sinthe East.
Seleucus
nysign of
erhehadre-
C.nochange,
typesor
ver,in306
plesetbyhis
eof king,
hatof
gthetypes
helastquar-
specialcoin-
etypeofa
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fromBabylon.
struckmost
moratethe
terswith
an ele-
rachmsand
ndfighting
riot.The
couslyorun-
cktothere
currentcoins
years,
nking'smost
ughthese
yhavebeen,
hthename
tobethe
omandwere
d ofhis
ofIpsus,a
atingtheevent
twomints
ea some-
eucushim-
rnedwith
ndhorns,the
erandroyalty.
ctivedesign
ynotun-
gestedby,
emporaneous
ofSyracuse.
algoldand
eleucus,
ghtyem-
i nteresting
remainsto
f theking-
rebellionand
ssistance.On
esetwo
tnowsur-
ediatecom-
nicstruggle
o'sheritage.
ghtingun-
usremained,
ostalgia
overhimand
ellespontin
edonian
etout with
previously.
inEurope
byan
tween
,ahand-
ratedinhis
mum.Onthe
orse's head
r;onthe re-
epresenta-
ever pro-
r.The
esteedof
eanimal
dsagacity
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distin-
eral,
ypt"so
ein some
gushimself
ountry
ninherited
smind;he
edegreethe
mmonsense,
eso often
country
e,maywell
yal family
ywaslater
y,Ptolemy
of pagesat
edon.As
tefriendand
xanderwith
ovedhis
duringAlex-
a,hewas
ortantocca-
evenper-
ng,andsig-
fintheIndian
sdeath
essledhimat
nstore, and
cautiondic-
Heearly
ndingwith
mpirefor
kedPerdic-
thechief-
n turnwas
ofEgypt,
sthesafest
ceoftheen-
e,Ptolemy
hischosen
heEgyptian
ingafirm
der'sbody
dsfromBaby-
eventuallyto
rranged,
cedonian
.But
theimmense
uetohimself
in thepos-
body.While
mpaigningin
emyledhis
ortege,pro-
esea,and
dy was
acredcity
alofPhar-
ashadbe-
enemy.
annexthe
erveadmir-
estandfrom
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edtheRegency
festcourse,
nfirmedinthe
yrene.The
mtoa tor-
totime reach
ired,but
eatinto
wheneverseri-
adbeen
nder'sem-
atAlex-
oldstaters
earingthe
anderthe
guishable
money,ex-
essorysymbols
sibleforthe
tolemy
dependence
owsatraps
ercoinage.
accompany-
hereverse
dbutthe
cedbya
egreat
edwithanele-
isnewtype
o'sfamous
ncidentally
nmostout-
,butalsore-
ypt'spos-
y.Forto
theroyal
mostIntelli-
animal
edsomething
eosis.Thus,
elephant-
rwasused
sstruckin
ror.
Ptolemy
nedbythe
ghisrivalsto
mportant
whatlater,
singambition
e,thereverse
aschanged.
e elephant-
edZeus
re ofthe
stissueof
inscription:
AIOYi.e.
chm)of
gissuesrevert
OYoncemore.
cedesanyof
etenyears,
acoin,but
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tthisis his
money,pre-
heplaceof
swasac-
ortanceasa
itsmuch
mber,pitch
ywasevi-
hegemony
seemed
nwith
princesprac-
macyof
nchanged
ilver coin-
Rhodian.
ithertohad
teen
ghabout
sthough
ed.
werwas
nacetoAn-
ddominion.
wassetin
anforces
orethead-
s,Ptolemy
dhisnow
n312B.C.
ngthrust
Antigonus'
orablebattle
onmoved
er,and with-
asback
In 307B.C.
m, onceand
ydescended
dPtolemy
he island
my'sbrother
earlytwenty
sonthen
combined
yptbyland
stwardde-
Antigonus
,hisarmy
ll but
edtheex-
emetrius,
s,andformally
o com-
allyaban-
orhisgold
sowndia-
all the
erse,whileon
ne Alex-
rboltofhis
ginachariot
inedthe
dtocrush
wereatthe
aMinorto
sofCas-
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itofPtolemy
tistis
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manof
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n
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tedonthe
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nteresting
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storsof
ynasty
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fhisrankhe
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orthernKurdi-
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opotamia.
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byinformed
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itself and
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conquered
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htypesvery
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us
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conflictwith
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taxes,heavy
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ndsubstitut-
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easallSeleu-
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the trade
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maiceagle,
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drachms
at mint,
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nthename
boundless
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h,inwhich
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o,wasfo-
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ehimself
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suedfrom
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re.The
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mhis father
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126 B.C.
oinagewith
tes.Theother
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9).Thereverse
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adybeen
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ovidedwith
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eGreekkings
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vingEuthy-
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rdsof the
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adhis own
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nghisarmy.
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thenomad
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eaccompany-
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(Fig.6).
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alsoperished
hians.Arta-
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otherMithra-
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a,areGreek
drachms
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tells us
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and"added
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ngreign,as
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smur-
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tutingthelast
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elatedcrown.
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dlyinwealth
ondcentury
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yI the
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erenices
admiring
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o itsdecline,
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