routing protocols to mitigate congestion in wsn2003

8/2/2019 Routing Protocols to Mitigate Congestion in WSN2003

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Routing Protocols To Mitigate Congestion

In Wireless Sensor Networks

Supritha.C, Usha.M.C,Final Year BE, 8th SEM,

Department of CSE,

RYMEC,Bellary.


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Contents

Introduction

Differentiated service

CAR

MCAR

SCAR

Performance Evaluation

Conclusion

References

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Introduction

Wireless Sensor Networks

Congestion

Routing protocols

Conzone

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Conzone

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Proposed Scheme

Existing schemes consider all data to beequally important.

But not all data is equally important

High priority data(HP)

Low priority data(LP)

Differentiated service

Accommodate both, emphasize on HP

LP over longer routes

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Contd..

Contributions of this paper

Congestion Aware routing (CAR)

MAC enhanced CAR (MCAR)

Secure CAR (SCAR)

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Congestion Aware Routing(CAR)

CAR comprises three steps

1. Network formation

2. Conzone discovery

3. Differentiated routing

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1.Network Formation

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This step divides the

nodes into On-conzone and

Off-conzone nodes

It forms a HP network

(HiNet) to forward HP data


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HiNet formation Process

1. Sink broadcasts Build HiNet message

2. Nodes check whether they are joined

3. If not, message source is set as parent

4. Build HiNet is rebroadcasted again

5. Thus, all nodes become part of the graph

6. Periodic rebroadcast

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2.Conzone Discovery

A Conzone must be discovered for the delivery of HP data.

Steps in conzone discovery algorithm

1. Critical area nodes broadcast To Sink messages.

2. When a node hears more than Alpha distinct To Sink messages, itmarks itself as on conzone.

3. This message is overheard by neighbors in the neighborhood

table.

4. Flood Destroy conzone message

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3.Differentiated Routing

Routing details HP data

LP data generated within the conzone

A B C

LP data generated outside the conzone

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MAC-Enhanced CAR(MCAR)

MCAR comprises three steps:

1. Network formation

2. Setting modes

3. Routing data.

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1.Network Formation

The nodes are expected to be mobile.

Hence the HP paths are dynamically created.

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2.Setting Modes

LP Mode

HP Mode

Shadow Mode

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3.Routing

Route discovery is performed dynamically at

the time of HP event detection.

MCAR performs on-demand route discovery.

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Security Issues in WSN

Data Authentication

Data secrecy

Replay Protection

Low energy consumption

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Secure CAR(SCAR)

SCAR comprises five steps:

1. Formation of HP Routing Network

2. Conzone Discovery

3. Encryption

4. Differentiated Routing

5. DecryptionRYMEC,Bellary


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Encryption & Decryption

Encryption is the conversion of data into a

form called Cipher text that cannot be easily

understood by unauthorised users.

Decryption is the process of converting

encrypted data back to its original formwhich can be understood.

In SCAR we use symmetric keys for this.

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esu s - er ormanceAnalysis

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Average no of received packets for

CAR

Average no of received packets for MCAR


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Conclusion

Data delivery issues, in the presence of

congestion in wireless sensor networks are

analyzed.

CAR, suitable for networks with low mobility.

MCAR, designed for networks with highmobility.

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Contd.. Both support effective HP data delivery in the

presence of congestion.

SCAR, offers a high level of security than the

previous approaches.

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Contd..


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References

[1]K. Akkaya and M.F. Younis, An Energy-Aware QoS Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks, Proc. 23rd IEEE Int Conf. Distributed ComputingSystems (ICDCS), pp. 710-715, 2003.

[2] C. Lu, B. Blum, T. Abdelzaher, J. Stankovic, and T. He, RAP: A Real-Time Communication Architecture for Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks.Eighth IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symp. (RTAS), pp. 55-66, 2002.

[3] H. Zhang, A. Arora, Y. Choi, and M. Gouda, Reliable Bursty Convergecast in Wireless Sensor Networks. ACM MobiHoc, 2005.

[4] P. Rogaway, M. Bellare, and J. Black. OCB: A block-cipher mode of operation for efficient authenticated encryption. In ACM TISSEC, November2001.

[5] Kumar, R. Crepaldi, R. Rowaihy, H. Harris, A.F. Guohong Cao Zorzi, M. La Porta, T.F,"Mitigating Performance Degradation in Congested SensorNetworks",IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,2008.

[6] C.-Y. Wan, S.B. Eisenman, and A.T. Campbell, CODA: Congestion Detection and Avoidance in Sensor Networks. First ACM Conf. EmbeddedNetworked Sensor Systems (SenSys), pp. 266-279, 2003.

[7] B. Hull, K. Jamieson, and H. Balakrishnan, Mitigating Congestion in Wireless Sensor Networks. Second ACM Conf. Embedded Networked SensorSystems (SenSys), 2004.

[8] Luk, M. Mezzour, G. Perrig, A. Gligor, V., 6th International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 2007.

[9] KASTEN, O. Energy consumption. http://www.inf.ethz.ch/ kasten/ research/bathtub/energy consumption.html.

[10] Draft Supplement to Part 11: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications: Medium Access Control (MAC)Enhancements for Quality of Service (QoS), IEEE 802.11e/ D4.0, Nov. 2002.

[11] G.-S. Ahn, L.-H. Sun, A. Veres, and A.T. Campbell, Swan: Service Differentiation in Stateless Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM,2002.

[12] S.R. Das, C.E. Perkins, and E.M. Belding-Royer, Performance Comparison of Two On-Demand Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks, Proc.IEEE INFOCOM 00, pp. 3-12, 2000.

[13] C.T. Ee and R. Bajcsy, Congestion Control and Fairness for Many-to-One Routing in Sensor Networks, Proc. Second ACM Conf. EmbeddedNetworked Sensor Systems (SenSys 04), pp. 148-161, 2004.

[14] E. Felemban, C.-G. Lee, and E. Ekici, MMSPEED: Multipath Multi-SPEED Protocol for QoS Guarantee of Reliability and Timeliness in WirelessSensor Networks, IEEE Trans. Mobile Computing, vol. 6, pp. 738-754, 2006.

[15] T. He, J.A. Stankovic, C. Lu, and T. Abdelzaher, Speed: A Stateless Protocol for Real-Time Communication in Sensor Networks, Proc. 23rd IEEEIntl Conf. Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), 2003.RYMEC,Bellary


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Any Questions??

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routing protocols to mitigate congestion in wsn2003

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