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ROUND 14

2006 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 14

Related Tossup/Bonus

1. Among his posthumously published plays are The Earth Gods and Lazarus and His Beloved. After studying with Rodin in Paris, he moved to New York, where he founded the Al Magar newspaper and published such poetic works as The Madman. A novella by him is divided into such chapters as “Joy and Sorrow” and “Reason and Passion,” and opens with the title character arriving in Orpahalese to spread his wisdom to the locals. For 10 points, identify this Lebanese-American author of The Prophet.ANSWER: Khalil Gibran<Berdichevsky>

Bonus: In one of his novels, the son of a sugarcane laborer from Tobago is prevented from becoming a journalist by the family of his wife Shama. For 10 points each:[10] Name this author of A House for Mr. Biswas, who also wrote The Middle Passage, In a Free State, and books critical of India and Islamic societies.ANSWER: Vidiadhar Srajprasad Naipaul[10] Set in an unnamed African country, this Naipaul work is narrated by a young man named Salim who owns a shop at the title location.ANSWER: A Bend in the River<Potru>

2. The “fate” of this concept is the subject of a recent book by Frederick Beiser. This word precedes the words “truth” and “history” in a book by Hilary Putnam. A work in five volumes by George Santayana offered an account of the “life” of this. It also appears in the titles of two German works first published in 1781 and 1788. For 10 points, name this concept whose “practical” and “pure” varieties were critiqued by Immanuel Kant.ANSWER: reason<Yaphe>

Bonus: In 1906 and 1907, William James gave a series of lectures that argued that practical consequences are the measure of an action or a belief system. For 10 points each:[10] Name the title under which those lectures were published, also the philosophical school that they advanced.ANSWER: Pragmatism[10] The founder of the instrumentalist branch of pragmatism, he wrote extensively on education as in The Child and the Curriculum and Democracy and Education.ANSWER: John Dewey<Dhuwalia>


3. It was intended to shed light on the validity of Adolf Eichmann’s war crimes defense, which involved a claim to be “just following orders.” Subjects were told that it was a test of a new learning procedure and that the person on the other side of a wall, actually an actor, was to receive electric shocks for incorrect responses. Twenty-seven of forty participants administered what was believed to be a lethal shock in, for 10 points, what experiment, chronicled in its namesake’s book Obedience to Authority?ANSWER: Stanley Milgram obedience to authority experiment [Milgram’s name is required, prompt on anything reasonable]<Connolly>

Bonus: The Milgram experiment was described to subjects as an experiment on learning, so name these things related to intelligence testing for 10 points each.[10] This French psychologist worked with Theodore de Simon to create the first modern intelligence test.ANSWER: Alfred Binet[10] Binet’s test was refined by Lewis Terman, from this university, whose name was combined with Binet’s to form the modern name for the test.ANSWER: Stanford University<Connolly>

4. In this country, members of the State Security Department, or RVO, were forced to flee during a time spurred by the fall of the “Rákosi-Gero clique.” That period ended when the fall of the coalition government caused Cardinal Mindszenty to flee to the United States Embassy, where he lived for the next fifteen years. Hardliners re-asserted control under Janos Kadar, and Pal Maleter and Imre Nagy [NAZH] were executed. For 10 points, that was the aftermath of the 1956 revolution in this country that was forced by the Soviet military to remain in the Eastern Bloc.ANSWER: Hungary<Douglass>

Bonus: Given details of its twentieth century history, name the eastern European state for 10 points each.[10] Todor Zhivkov was the longtime Communist ruler of this country, which was one of the most lockstep allies of the USSR throughout the Cold War.ANSWER: Bulgaria[10] King Zog ruled here until Italy invaded in 1939. After World War II, a communist dictatorship under Enver Hoxha took over.ANSWER: Republic of Albania [or Republika e Shqiperise; or Shqiperia; or People’s Socialist Republic of Albania]<Frankel>


5. Addressed in the Supreme Court cases of U.S. v O’Hagan and Gollust v. Mendall, and legal in Japan until 1988, this practice is regulated in the U.S. by sections 10b and 16b of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Only restricting corporate officers and those who hold more than ten percent of an issued stock, those laws snared Ivan Boesky, Michael Milken, Samuel Waksal of ImClone, and Martha Stewart. For 10 points, name this practice involving the use of private information to profit off stock transactions.ANSWER: insider trading<Pickrell>

Bonus: Name these kinds of bonds, other than bail bonds, for 10 points each.[10] This name is given to the type of bonds issued by states and localities that are exempt from federal income tax.ANSWER: municipal bonds[10] This type of bond does not make regular interest payments but instead pays a fixed amount at its maturity.ANSWER: zero-coupon bond [accept zeroes]<Pickrell>

6. Oxidation of this molecule leads to the formation of phaseic acid, one of its activated forms. It is formed after a molecule of Violaxanthin degrades into xanthonin, which changes into an aldehyded form of this. It prevents the uptake of kinetin and slows alpha-amylase synthesis through inhibition of gibberellins. By changing the potassium ion concentration outside guard cells it causes stomata to close when water is scarce, and it induces dormancy by inhibiting shoot growth and seed germination. For 10 points, name this plant hormone, which takes its name from its role in the falling of fruits and leaves.ANSWER: abscisic acid<Kwartler>

Bonus: Identify these plant hormones for 10 points each.[10] Regulating organ formation and responsible for phototropism, this hormone, also called idoleacetic acid, controls cell differentiation and loosens the cell wall.ANSWER: auxin[10] Named for hunchback structures of a certain fungus that causes a rice disease, these hormones participate in stem elongation and mobilize for seed germination.ANSWER: gibberellins<Luo>


7. This movement’s surging string melody is allegedly inspired by a Swedish folk song, and itself was adapted by Samuel Cohen to create “Hatikva,” the Israeli national anthem. This piece depicts a wedding feast, a hunt, Rusalkas, and the Rapids of St. John. Two flute melodies portray streams which merge to form the title object before it flows through Prague. For 10 points, name this tone poem that comprises the second movement of Bedrich Smetana’s Ma vlast cycle.ANSWER: The Moldau [or Vltava {vil-TAH-vuh}]<Ismail>

Bonus: Given movements, name the classical work, for 10 points each.[10] “Scene by the Brook,” “Thanksgiving”ANSWER: Pastoral Symphony [or Beethoven’s Sixth Symphony; prompt on partial answer][10] “Gute Nacht,” “Der stürmische Morgen,” “Frühlingstraum”ANSWER: Die Winterreise [or The Winter’s Journey]<Ismail>

8. The Poynting-Robertson effect states that they prefer the leading side of orbiting bodies, and pairs of them were used to prove Bell's Theorem in 1969. These spin-1 particles can interact with the quanta of lattice vibrations through Brillouin scattering. Discovered in an inelastic scattering process whose low-energy limit is called Thomson scattering, these gauge bosons of quantum electrodynamics shift in energy during Compton scattering and carry momentum without having rest mass. For 10 points, name these carriers of the electromagnetic force, the quanta of light energy.ANSWER: photons<Teitler>

Bonus: Answer the following about phonons, for 10 points each.[10] A model based on phonons helped to derive a law of heat capacities named for this Dutch physicist, who also devised a theory of electrolytic ions with Huckel.ANSWER: Peter Josephus Wilhelmus Debye [deh-BY][10] BCS theory predicts that phonons will react with electrons and connect them into these carriers of electrical current, named for one of the formulators of BCS.ANSWER: Cooper pairs<Westbrook>


9. He is the only novelist honored at the U.S. Capitol’s statuary hall, which derives more from his stint as the youngest Union general in the Civil War than for such works as The Wooing of Malkatoon. President Garfield suggested the topic for his The Prince of India, while Robert Ingersoll inspired another of his works, and his time as governor of New Mexico led to his novel about Hernan Cortes, The Fair God. For 10 points, name this author who described a chariot race in a novel subtitled “A Tale of the Christ,” Ben-Hur.ANSWER: Lewis Wallace<Berdichevsky>

Bonus: It tells the story of Nathan Price, his wife, and four daughters, and their struggles as missionaries in the Belgian Congo in the 1960s. For 10 points each:[10] Name this 1998 novel.ANSWER: The Poisonwood Bible[10] She wrote The Poisonwood Bible, along with Pigs in Heaven and The Bean Trees.ANSWER: Barbara Kingsolver<Mitchell>

10. Elizabeth Eckford is the only member of this group who still lives in its eponymous city. Minnijean Brown was expelled after confrontations with other students, while Ernest Green, Jefferson Thomas, and Carlotta Walls Lanier graduated. After initial attempts by governor Orval Faubus to use the state National Guard to prevent their entry, President Eisenhower sent federal troops to escort them. For 10 points, identify this numerically named group selected to integrate an Arkansas high school in 1957.ANSWER: Little Rock Nine<Frankel>

Bonus: For 10 points each, identify the following about Abe Fortas.[10] Fortas was nominated to be Chief Justice by this president, but the nomination was withdrawn due to scandal.ANSWER: Lyndon Baines Johnson [prompt on Johnson; accept LBJ][10] As an associate justice, Fortas authored the majority opinion in this case which overturned a school board’s suspension of students for protesting the Vietnam War.ANSWER: Tinker v Des Moines School District [accept Des Moines School District v. Tinker]<Mitchell>


Tossups

1. Most patients with autosomal recessive inherited osteopetrosis have a mutation in the a3 subunit of the V type of these. The F type is a transmembrane protein that uses a gradient to power its function in bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. The antibiotic oligomycin inhibits them as does angiostatin by binding to them, thus preventing the phosphorylation that is their normal function. For 10 points, name these enzymes found at the end of the electron transport chain that produce the cell’s most important energy source.ANSWER: ATP Synthases<Kwartler>

2. His short stories are collected in The German Lieutenant and In Midsummer Days. His critical Letters to the Intimate Theatre provided the theoretical background for his plays To Damascus, The Pelican, and The Ghost Sonata. Another play of his tells the story of an upper-class woman who seduces her father’s valet and then commits suicide. For 10 points, identify this Swedish author of A Dance of Death and Miss Julie.ANSWER: August Strindberg<Berdichevsky>

3. These two things were first awarded by Special Field Order Number 15, which partitioned the banks of the St. Johns River and abandoned rice fields near Charleston and repurposed certain military transports. That order by General Sherman was administered by the Freedmen’s Bureau, which, due to interference from President Johnson, was unable to deliver on this promise. For 10 points, what combination of land and an animal has come to be an idiom for broken promises to African-Americans?ANSWER: forty acres and a mule<Rahman>

4. In this religion, Oya is the ruler of winds, and the supreme god is Olodumare, who creates ashe [AH-shay], the blood of cosmic life. Followers worship Egun, who can help or hinder human action, and Orishas, who receives the blood of chickens. For 10 points, name this religion similar to voodoo that combines the worship of traditional Yoruban deities with the worship of Roman Catholic saints, popular in the Caribbean.ANSWER: Santeria [or Lukumí; or Regla de Ocha]<Beyer>

5. This owner of many Color Field Theory paintings dealt with the death of teammate Darryl Kile during his rookie year. That season saw him play over 50 games at third base, though he now plays more often at first. The unanimous selection for 2001 NL Rookie of the Year, he finished between second and fifth in MVP voting for each of his first four years before finally winning in 2005. For 10 points, name this Cardinal who has a major league leading .750 slugging average and 25 home runs through May 2006.ANSWER: Jose Alberto “Albert” Pujols<Passner>


6. Addition of it to an ester or lactone yields a tertiary alcohol with two identical alkyl groups. When added to carboxylic acid chlorides, carbon dioxide, and oxiranes, it yields ketones, carboxylic acids, and alcohols, respectively. The first major source of carbanions to be discovered, its utility in organic chemistry arises from the ionic character of its metal-halogen bond. Frequently used in nucleophilic substituion reactions, this is, for 10 points, what compound consisting of an alkane bonded to a magnesium atom bonded to a halide ion, named for its French discoverer?ANSWER: Grignard reagent<Ismail>

7. The formation of the Friendly Society and Hetairists precipitated this conflict. The action proper began as the river Prut was crossed by the forces of Alexander Ypsilanti, who proceeded to take control of the city of Kalamata. The 1832 London conference ended it by putting Otto on the throne under the Treaty of Adrianople. For 10 points, name this conflict ended by the destruction of the Ottoman fleet in 1827 by Admiral Codrington at Navarino, securing the existence of a certain European country.ANSWER: War of Greek Independence<Romero>

8. Charles Bell, Johann Winckelmann, and Gotthold Lessing each wrote treatises on this work, discussing whether it portrayed “nobility,” “groaning,” or “silence.” Shortly after its 1506 discovery in the palace of Titus, Boldrini and Titian created versions of it that replace all the figures with monkeys. Attributed to Agesander, Athenedoros, and Polydoros, it shows Antiphas and Thymbraeus on either side of their father, fending off snakes. For 10 points, name this sculpture showing the demise of a Trojan priest’s family.ANSWER: Laocoön [lay-AH-koh-ahn] group [or The Death of Laocoön and his Sons]<Ismail>


Bonuses

Arts: The first artist to win the NAACP’s Springarn Medal, his six-decade career includes thirty paintings in the Harlem Series. For 15 points, name this creator of sixty gouache panels entitled Migrations of the Negro.ANSWER: Jacob Lawrence<Chuck>

Current Events: Five companies with headquarters in this country were ranked in the Fortune Global 500 for 2005, including the overall number four. For 15 points, name this country whose largest company, an oil firm, fully merged with former subsidiary Shell in 2005.ANSWER: Kingdom of the Netherlands [or Koninkrijk der Nederlanden]<Weiner>

Geography: It is bordered by the Kwando, Linyanti, and Chobe rivers, as well as the river for which it was formed in 1890, the Zambezi River. For 15 points, name this panhandle of Namibia that borders Botswana, Zambia, and Angola.ANSWER: Caprivi Strip [or Caprivi-Zipfel]<Greenstein>

History: He executed Tegh Bahadur, the ninth guru of Sikhism, conquered Bijapur and Golconda, and killed Dara Shikoh to gain the throne. For 15 points, name this son of Shah Jahan and Mughal religious crusader, who fought the Marathas and persecuted Hindus.ANSWER: Aurangzeb Alamgir<Luo>

Literature: One of his novels features the stout-drinking Ida tracking down Pinkie, the murderer of Hale. For 15 points, identify this author of Brighton Rock who also penned Our Man in Havana.ANSWER: Graham Greene<Berdichevsky>

Popular Culture: This Towson State communications alum was one of the original Baltimore Ravens cheerleaders before being selected as a Nitro Girl. For 15 points, name this professional wrestling diva, who finished third in the 2006 season of Dancing with the Stars.ANSWER: Stacey Keibler<Chuck>


Religion/Mythology/Philosophy: As a god of the moon, he was equated with Chandra, but he was also a plant and a drink, of which Indra drank rivers in order to slay Vritra and return cosmic order to the universe. For 15 points, what Vedic god also names a plant used for mystic purposes?ANSWER: Soma<Potru>

Mathematics Calculation: For 15 points, find the arc length of the curve with parametric equations x = cos t, y = sin t between t = 0 and t = 4π.ANSWER: 4π<Feist>

Science: The fifth closest star to the sun, it is a red dwarf located in Ophiuchus and it has the largest proper motion of any star relative to the sun. For 15 points, identify this star named for its American discoverer. ANSWER: Barnard’s star<Mitchell>

Social Sciences: They were abolished in the United Kingdom in 1870, and the U.S. Constitution outlaws them in Article 1, Sections 9 and 10. For 15 points, what are these laws that declare someone or some group guilty of a crime without a trial?ANSWER: bills of attainder [accept writs, acts, etc in place of “bills”; do not accept ex post facto laws]<Pickrell>


Stretch Round

1. The first collection of his work was printed by hand by Stephen Spender, and he wrote librettos for Henze’s Elegy for Young Lovers and Stravinsky’s The Rake’s Progress after collaborating on The Ascent of F 6, and The Dog Beneath the Skin with Christopher Isherwood. Alone, he wrote such poems as “In Praise of Limestone” and “September 1, 1939.” For 10 points, name this author of “The Shield of Achilles,” and “Musée dex Beaux Arts” who discussed a dive on Fifty-Second Street in The Age of Anxiety.ANSWER: Wystan Hugh Auden<Douglass>

Bonus: Identify these concepts from Scientology, for 10 points each.[10] Operating Thetans are the levels above what status, where someone is free of bad memories that impact the present, and is thus in complete control of his mind?ANSWER: clear[10] This ruler of the Galactic Confederacy blew up billions of people with hydrogen-bomb-fueled volcanoes seventy five million years ago.ANSWER: Xenu [or Xemu][10] An church member known as an auditor uses this device resembling two tin cans attached to a battery to measure a subject’s psychic state.ANSWER: e-meter<Pickrell>

2. The German instance of this geographic term is bordered by the Frisian Islands and Jutland, while the New York one is bordered by the east coast of New Jersey and the south coast of Long Island. The one in southern California contains the Channel Islands, while the one also known as that “of Bonny” contains the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe. For 10 points, the defunct state of Biafra formerly lent its name to what type of bay, also seen off the coast of Benin and in a “Great Australian” example?ANSWER: bight<Greenstein>

Bonus: Its first ruler, Muawiyah, established the capital at Damascus. For 10 points each:[10] Name this first Islamic caliphate, which was overthrown after the battle of the Zab in 750.ANSWER: Umayyads[10] The Umayyads were succeeded by this caliphate, which ruled from Baghdad until Hulagu Khan sacked the city in 1258.ANSWER: Abbasids[10] This Shi’ite caliphate ruled Egypt from Cairo during the eleven and twelfth centuries until overthrown by Saladin.ANSWER: Fatimids<Yaphe>


3. Like Tithonus, she was promised eternal life but not eternal youth, and this servant of Apollo is seven hundred years old when first met. Seen “hanging in a jar” in the first Italian epigraph on “The Waste Land,” she advises Aeneas about the golden bough. The Capitoline temple to Jupiter houses three of the nine items produced by her for sale to Tarquinius Superbus, as she had burned the other six. For 10 points, name this prophetess whose namesake books contained prophecies about the fate of Rome.ANSWER: Cumean Sibyl<Weiner>

Bonus: Name these features of Antarctica, for 10 points each.[10] Named for the artificial feature about two and a half miles above it, this subglacial body of water averages twenty-nine degrees Fahrenheit in temperature.ANSWER: Lake Vostok[10] An expedition led by Ernest Shackleton was the first to ascend this stratovolcano located on Ross Island, which is home to one of four lava lakes in the world.ANSWER: Mount Erebus[10] This highest mountain on Antarctica was discovered by Lincoln Ellsworth, and is found in the Ellsworth Mountains of the Sentinel Range.ANSWER: Vinson Massif<Greenstein>

4. When applied as a unary operator in Python, this character can expand a list object into the arguments of a function call. In Fortran, two consecutive ones signify exponentiation. In Perl, it is used to refer to the typeglob of all variables with a given name, and the absence of one before a typeglob signifies that it is a bareword. In C, it can be used as the inverse of the ampersand to obtain the contents of a pointer. For 10 points, UNIX and MS-DOS use what character as a wildcard character in searching, also seen in both C and Java to represent multiplication?ANSWER: asterisk [accept star]<Nance>

Name these ballet techniques for 10 points each.[10] This is the toe dancing pioneered by Marie Taglioni, used almost exclusively by female dancers on tip-toe.ANSWER: sur les pointes [or pointe work][10] In this popular ballet movement, one leg is extended backward in a straight line while the arms stretch to lengthen the extension.ANSWER: arabesque[10] This ballet movement is a leg extension forward or backward with a bent knee. It is appropriately named for conveying a sense of defiance.ANSWER: attitude<Luo>


5. At the London School of Economics, he was taught philosophy by Karl Popper, whose political writings inspired the name of his current project. He founded the aggressive Quantum Fund and became notorious for “breaking the Bank of England” when he made a billion dollars betting on the Black Wednesday devaluation of the pound. For 10 points, name this financier now directing his resources against both President Bush and authoritarian regimes of the former Soviet Union through his Open Society Institute.ANSWER: George Soros<Chuck>

Bonus: For 10 points each, identify each of the following about titration.[10] This is the point during the titration where the beginning solution has been completely neutralized by the titrant.ANSWER: equivalence point[10] Titrations are generally carried out in this type of glassware, a long tube with very precise volume markings and a stopcock at the bottom.ANSWER: burette[10] Indicators are added to aid in finding equivalence points. This indicator for weak acids and bases changes from yellow below pH 6 to blue above pH 7.6. It is also used for carbon dioxide detection.ANSWER: bromothymol blue or bromthymol blue<Mitchell>

6. It was a suite rented to George Harvey and William Hays in the Blackstone Hotel which received visitors attempting to influence a certain decision until 2:00 AM. Its existence was predicted by Harry Dougherty, and this location is where intrigues against Frank Lowden and Leonard Wood determined the fate of the official convention at the nearby Chicago Coliseum. For 10 points, name this idiomatic place where Warren Harding was nominated for president as the true leaders of the Republican Party consumed cigars.ANSWER: the smoke-filled room<Weiner>

Bonus: Identify the scientists for whom the following mathematical or physical constructs are named, for the stated number of points.[10] The non-homogeneous form of Laplace's equation is named for this French physicist, as is a probability distribution describing the number of events occurring during a fixed length of time.ANSWER: Siméon-Denis Poisson[10] A type of surface used in analyzing electric and magnetic fields, as well as an exponential probability distribution based on the binomial distribution, are both named for this German.ANSWER: Carl Friedrich Gauss[5,5] The decrease in temperature of an adiabatically expanding gas is named for these men, for whom the SI unit of energy and temperature are also named.ANSWER: James Joule and William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin [accept either underlined name]


<Ismail>

7. One of his dramas revolves around three years in the life of a black Louisville family, the Telfairs, while another turns on the struggle between the Greggs and the McEvoys. In addition to The Stonemason and The Gardener’s Son, he described the depraved loner Lester Ballard in Child of God and wrote of the Glanton Gang in Blood Meridian. For 10 points, name this author of Cities of the Plain and The Crossing who described John Grady Cole’s journey to Mexico in All the Pretty Horses.ANSWER: Cormac McCarthy<Berdichevsky>

Bonus: This German lyric poet was intrigued by Russian mysticism and wrote The Book of Hours about his spiritual longings. For 10 points each:[10] Name this author of Sonnets to Orpheus and The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge.ANSWER: Rainer Maria Rilke[10] This collection of ten Rilke poems was written at the namesake castle outside Trieste and begins “Who, if I screamed, would hear me among the ranks of angels?”ANSWER: the Duino Elegies [or the Duinese Elegies; or Duineser Elegien][10] In 1899, Rilke visited the home of this author, who created such characters as Hadji Murad, Ivan Ilyich, and Count Vronsky.ANSWER: Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy<Mitchell>

8. He took advantage of popular opposition to his prime minister, Marco Minghetti, who signed the September Convention giving up this man’s claim on a certain capital. He was the commander on the field for his kingdom at the battles of Magenta and Solferino, and he was later excommunicated by Pius IX for leading an army into the Papal States to add that long-sought capital to his new country. For 10 points, name this Sardinian and Piedmontese king who, prior to capturing Rome, was promoted to King of Italy in 1860.ANSWER: Victor Emmanuel II [or Vittorio Emmanuel]<Weiner>

Bonus: There was a lot of shuffling among the White House staff in 2006. For 10 points each:[10] Formerly deputy press secretary under Ari Fleischer, he replaced his boss as White House Press Secretary in 2003 and stepped down from that post in April 2006.ANSWER: Scott McClellan[10] When he resigned on April 14, 2006, he was the second longest serving White House chief of staff on record, in place since the beginning of the Bush administration.ANSWER: Andrew Card[10] Replacing Karl Rove as deputy chief of staff for policy was this former deputy director of the Office of Management and Budget and clerk for Justice Scalia.ANSWER: Joel Kaplan<Southard>


9. It is applied in scanning tunneling microscopes, which used lead zirconate titanate to facilitate nano-scale movements. This effect can be seen via the coupling of the cross-product of permittivity and electric field strength with Hooke's Law. During World War I Langevin used it to build a quartz powered ultrasonic submarine detector and it was first discovered some thirty years earlier by the Curie Brothers in Rochelle salts. Taking its name from the Greek for "Squeeze," for 10 points, what is this physical phenomenon, the generated voltage in response to applied stress on a crystal? ANSWER: Piezoelectricity<Romero>

Bonus: According to a poem found within a Shakespeare play, she is “holy, fair, and wise,” and “all our swains commend her.” For 10 points each:[10] Identify this woman who falls in love with Valentine and, according to that poem, asking “who” she is, also “excels each mortal thing” to whom “let us garlands bring.”ANSWER: Sylvia[10] Before accepting Valentine’s marriage proposal, Sylvia is also pursued by Thurio and Proteus in this play.ANSWER: The Two Gentlemen of Verona[10] The title “Who is Sylvia?” was used by this author to subtitle The Goat. He also wrote Seascape, Tiny Alice, and a play in which George, Martha, Honey, and Nick argue.ANSWER: Edward Albee<Ismail>

10. In its top center, a potted plant can be seen on a windowsill, and a column obstructs the view of a tree. Flowery tapestries line the walls on the right, a child in white looks into one of the three green-wrapped chests as an older woman in a red dress looks on. A small dog lies sleeping on the right, ignored by the title figure, who holds pink flowers in front of a drawn-back green curtain. For 10 points, that figure lies on a red couch covered by white sheets and is nude in what painting of a goddess in a certain city, by Titian?ANSWER: Venus of Urbino<Kwartler>

Bonus: Identify the following about the career of the Roman statesman and general Marcus Licinius Crassus for 10 points each.[10] Like his rival and later ally Gnaeus Pompey, Crassus achieved prominence in the service of this man, who captured Rome and as dictator published his proscription lists.ANSWER: Lucius Cornelius Sulla[10] Despite Pompey’s attempt to gain the credit, it was Crassus who won the Third Servile War against the forces of this gladiator.ANSWER: Spartacus[10] Crassus was killed at Carrhae in 53 BCE during an expedition against this people from the Iranian plateau, who defeated Marc Antony and were subjugated by Trajan.ANSWER: Parthians<Kendall>


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