roueche, alicia f13 ecu
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BON VOYAGE September 2013
Fasten your seatbelts as we take you around the world to explore the principles and elements of design seen in some of the most famous monuments know to man. Buckle up!
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Table of Contents Letter from the Editor………………………….2 Design Thesis………………………..….......3 Elements of Design..…………………………..4 Lines Texture Light Color Space Shape Form Principles of Design………...………………..33 Balance Harmony Emphasis Rhythm Scale Massing Proportion
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Letter from the Editor Hi readers!
My name is Alicia Roueché and I am a freshman diver at East Carolina University. I was born and raised in Greensboro, North Carolina and absolutely love to travel. Growing up, I was a competitive gymnast for eight years so I practically lived in hotels. I loved the different atmospheres and became accustomed to the continental breakfasts. Hopping onto an airplane and feeling the rush of taking off is what I look forward to when traveling. I love meeting new people and seeing how their everyday lives differ from mine. My favorite thing to do in new places is to try new foods. To me, this is the best way to connect with the locals. I hope this magazine can help you learn the principles and
elements of design while exploring what the wonderful world of traveling has to offer. Bon voyage! ~Alicia Roueché
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Design Thesis
In this magazine, you will discover the wonders of traveling and explore the principles and elements of design used throughout the famous monuments and structures around the world. I hope this will persuade you to travel to new places and keep an eye out for the many design elements.
Enjoy your trip!
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Elements Of Design
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Lines Straight Horizontal Straight Vertical Curved Flowing Curved Tightly
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Straight Horizontal These lines create a solid, flowing
relationship with the ground that the structure stands on. Long horizontal lines can visually expand space, making rooms/
buildings to appear wider or longer.
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Straight Vertical They convey strength, stability, and
security. Straight vertical lines make your eyes follow from the ground, upward. These
lines are usually used in churches and cathedrals to signify looking up towards the
heavens. 7
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Curved Flowing Curved flowing lines give monuments a sense
of balance and softness. And the flowing part is known for keeping the viewers’ eyes moving around the structure. These lines suggest excitement because you never know
where the line will end. 8
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Texture Tactile Textured Non Reflective
Reflective
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Tactile Texture Tactile texture is defined as the actual variations on a surface. Throughout the monuments, you can see tactile texture
everywhere you look because of the roughness of the materials used or the intricate
carvings in the buildings like Notre Dame in Paris. 10
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Non Reflective Non reflective texture is texture that does not bounce the light back off of it. It absorbs the light and does not give off a shiny appearance. This can be found on the
statues in the Fountaine de St. Michael in Paris.
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Reflective Reflective texture is texture in which light is shown on the surface. This type of texture is shiny and sometimes looks metallic. This
can be found on the Chicago bean. 12
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Light Natural Colored
Art 13
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Natural Natural lighting refers to sunlight. Natural lighting is found at any major monument because they are all outside. This lighting helps show all of the intricate details in the structures. A good example of this is the rose window in the Chartres Cathedral in
France. 14
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Colored Colored lighting is lighting that uses colored
light bulbs. This lighting can be used to make the scene more intriguing or it can be used to place emphasis on a certain portion of the monument. You can see the use of
colored lighting in the Sydney Opera House in Australia.
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Art Art lighting is lighting that is placed
around pieces of art. This lighting is found all over the Louvre in Paris because it is a
world famous museum and it encases hundreds of beautiful masterpieces.
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Color Direct Complementary
Analogous Neutral Palette
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Direct Complementary Direct complementary colors are colors on the
opposite sides of the color wheel such as yellow- violet, green- red, and blue- orange. This combination of colors is
harmonious and can be seen in the Agia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey because of the
red and green. 18
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Analogous Analogous colors are colors adjacent to each other on the color wheel. An example of this is yellow, yellow orange, and orange. These
colors can be found on the Pont de l'Archevêché bridge in Paris.
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Neutral Palette A neutral color scheme is known for its skin tone colors such as browns, greys, whites, and creams. This color scheme is seen all
throughout the monuments because the materials used to make them are normally
grey or off-white (School in France) 20
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Space Positive Space Negative Space
Crowding Territoriality
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Positive Space Positive space is simply the area in a work
of art that is the subjects or areas of interest. A good example of this is the Great
Wall of China. The wall itself is the positive space.
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Negative Space Negative space is the space in the work of
art around and between the subjects. Negative space is considered good in
composition because it gives the eye a “place to rest”, making the monument more
appealing. The negative space around the Waterloo in Belgium makes you focus on the
object. 23
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Crowding Territoriality Crowding Territoriality space is space in which the subjects feel spatially invaded.
This is a good example in the crowds gathered to see the art in the Louvre. There
is no boundary of personal space.
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Shape Geometric
Natural/Organic Abstract
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Geometric A geometric shape is a flat version of a 3D form. Some examples are circles, squares, rectangles, and triangles. You can find
many geometric shapes as you look through the windows in the Chartres Cathedral in
France. 26
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Natural/Organic Organic shapes are figures that have a natural look and a flowing, curving
appearance. You can find these types of shapes in landscapes such as in the maze of
Chateau Chennonceau in France. 27
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Abstract An abstract shape is a shape that is derived
from a visual source but looks rather different. There is still a slight resemblance to the form though. Abstract shapes can be found on the wall walking up to the Sacre
Couer in Paris. 28
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Form Geometric Natural
Non-objective
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Geometric A geometric form is a 3D version of
geometric shape such a square. Examples are cubes, cylinders, pyramids and spheres. The Egyptian pyramids are a good example
of a geometric form. 30
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Natural A natural form is a 3D version of an
organic shape. An example of this would be a leaf or a cloud. At Versailles in France, there are lovely gardens that are filled with
natural forms.
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Non-objective Non-objective forms do not represent or depict a person, place or thing in the
natural world. These forms are also known as nonrepresentational. This type of form
can be seen in the Burj Al Arab in Dubai.
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Principles of Design
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Balance Visual Symmetry
Structural Symmetry Visual Radial Symmetry
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Visual Symmetry Visual symmetry is when something looks
perfectly balanced on both sides if you were to cut the object down the middle. The best
example of visual symmetry is the Taj Mahal. It is perfectly symmetrical. This is visually appealing and gives the structure
balance. 35
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Structural Symmetry Structural symmetry is when the piece is
exactly the same on each side, structurally. If you were to cut the building down the middle, the two sides would be exactly the same. The Taj Mahal is a good example
for this too. Structural symmetry is a good way to build strong support for the building.
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Visual Radial Symmetry Visual radial symmetry is a type of balance in which the parts of an object are regularly arranged to radiate around a central point. The Eye ferris wheel in London is a great example of this because all cars radiate out
from the center point. 37
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Harmony Unity through Line
Unity through Repetition Variety through Color
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Unity through Line Unity through line is when there is a lot of different types of lines that not only visually
but structurally work together to provide unity and strong structure. The number of lines and weights of lines can vary to give
the structures variety. The gate walking into the Palace of Versailles is a good example
of this. 39
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Unity through Repetition Unity through repetition is when elements repeat themselves in various parts of the
design to relate parts to each other. A good example of this is the repetition of
tombstones at the WWII American cemetery in Normandy, France. 40
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Variety through Color Variety through color is when different colors are used together to spice up a piece. The
colors can run together or be color blocked for the same effect. If you want to see an
example of this in real life, you can go to St. Basil’s cathedral in Russia. 41
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Emphasis Focal Point-Visual
Focal Point-Structural
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Focal Point-Visual A visual focal point is a point on a work of art that your eyes go directly to. This is a point of interest and is most likely the most important part of the piece. An example of this in the world monuments is the Blue
Domed Church in Santorini, Greece because your eyes go straight to the blue painted
dome. 43
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Focal Point-Structural A structural focal point is a point in which a certain structure is pinpointed. This piece of structure is where your eyes first look. The structure focal point is most likely the
most important piece of the whole. The Trevi fountain is an example of structural focal point because the main object (the god) is
highlighted. 44
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Rhythm Repetitive Contrast
Transitional/Flowing 45
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Repetitive Repetitive rhythm is where certain objects of the monument repeats over and over. This gives the structure unity and a wholeness.
An example of this is the Millau Bridge in France because it has triangles of wires
repeated. 46
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Contrast Contrast is created by using elements that
conflict with one another. Contrasting rhythm usually makes the piece more
interesting, therefore, it catches your eye. Contrast is used in the Hollywood sign by using the bright, white letters against the
dark tree background. 47
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Transitional/Flowing Flowing rhythm is created by water-like
elements and intervals, bending and curving motifs and spaces. Examples of this is
water, beaches, and rivers. The Seine river is a good example of flowing rhythm because
it is naturally flowing. 48
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Scale Human Scale
Symbolic Scale
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Human Scale Human scale is used to measure something’s
size in relation to the human body. Most monuments are built to human scale to allow people to wander inside and fit properly.
We can find this in Italy where the gondolas carrying people need to be wide enough but
small enough to fit between the homes. 50
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Symbolic Scale Symbolic scale is when one object is
measured in relation to another object. This is a good way to find the correct
proportions for objects. Traveling round the world, we find this in many places such as the Windmills at Kinderdijk, Holland.
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Massing Actual Density Optical Density
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Actual Density Actual density is when an object takes up some sort of space. This can be found all
over the world at all of the famous monuments because each structure has to
take up space. (Cesky Krumlov) 53
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Optical Density Optical density is defined as something that has space inside it. All monuments that you
can walk through or that have air inside have optical density. The glass pyramids at the Louvre in Paris are good examples of
this. 54
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Proportion Proportional Space
Unproportional Space
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Proportional Space Proportion is the relation between elements
and a whole. If you visit Mount Rushmore, you will see the heads of four presidents and
each head is proportionate to each other.
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Unproportional Space Unproportional space is space in which the
objects are not to the right scale of the whole. This can be shown in the Statue of
Liberty because Lady Liberty is not actually that tall. 57