Biologia, Bratislava, 59/4: 425—433, 2004

Chromosome numbers for some species of vascularplants from Europe

Olga Rotreklová, Petr Bureš & Vít Grulich

Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ–61137 Brno, CzechRepublic; e-mail: orotrekl@sci.muni.cz, bures@sci.muni.cz, grulich@sci.muni.cz.

ROTREKLOVÁ, O., BUREŠ, P. & GRULICH, V., Chromosome numbers forsome species of vascular plants from Europe. Biologia, Bratislava, 59: 425—433, 2004; ISSN 0006-3088.

Chromosome numbers are given for 16 species and one interspecific hybridof vascular plants originating from the Czech Republic, Croatia, and Italy:Artemisia annua (2n = 18), A. pancicii (2n = 54), A. repens (2n = 16), A.scoparia (2n = 16), A. tournefortiana (2n = 18), A. verlotiorum (2n = 54),Cirsium heterophyllum (2n = 34), C. oleraceum (2n = 34), C. palustre (2n =34), C. oleraceum ×C. rivulare (2n = 34), Eleocharis acicularis (2n = 20), E.ovata (2n = 10), E. quinqueflora (2n = ca.136), Senecio aquaticus (2n = 40),S. erraticus (2n = 40), Triglochin maritima (2n = 48), and T. palustre(2n = 24). Chromosome numbers of 15 of the species were recorded for thefirst time from the Czech Republic. Chromosome numbers of the species fromItaly and Croatia were recorded for the first time from these countries.

Key words: karyology, monocotyledons, dicotyledons.

Introduction

During taxonomical investigation within the fra-mework of the project Flora of the Czech Republicwe focused also upon the karyological research ofthe studied taxa. We concentrated on taxa withunknown chromosome counts from the Czech Re-public (cf. MĚSÍČEK & JAROLÍMOVÁ, 1992). Forcounting the chromosomes of some rare and en-dangered taxa, we used material from other coun-tries (Croatia, Italy).

Material and methods

The plants were collected during the years 1996–2001in their natural habitats and cultivated in pots in theBotanical Garden of Masaryk University, Brno. Roottip segments of mature plants (Artemisia sp., Cirsiumsp., Eleocharis sp., and Triglochin sp.) or germinatingseeds (Senecio sp.) were used for chromosome counts.The material was pre-treated with a saturated water

solution of p-dichlorbenzene at room temperature for2 hours, then fixed in a cold mixture of ethanol andacetic acid (3:1) for 24 hours. The fixed material wastreated immediately. The root tips were macerated ina mixture of ethanol and hydrochloric acid (1:1) for2 min. at room temperature. Temporary slides weremade by squashing the segments and staining in lacto-propionic orcein.

Voucher specimens are deposited in the herbar-ium of the Department of Botany of Masaryk Univer-sity, Brno (BRNU).

Localities are ordered from north to south andfrom west to east, in the list of localities abbreviationCz was used in plants from the Czech Republic.

Results and discussion

Artemisia annua L.2n = 181. Cz, Brno: town district Staré Brno, waste place,ca 200 m a.s.l., coll. V. GRULICH, July 1999.

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The chromosomes of Artemisia annua havenot been previously counted in the Czech Re-public. The chromosome number 2n = 18 wasrecorded from Slovakia (FERÁKOVÁ in MÁJOV-SKÝ et al., 1974), Hungary (PÓLYA, 1949), Bul-garia (KUZMANOV et al., 1986), Russia (VOLKOVA& BOYKO, 1986), Spain (TORRELL & VALLES,2001), and from botanical gardens in plants ofunknown origin (NAGL & EHRENDORFER, 1974).The same count was also reported by WEINEDEL-LIEBAU (1928), SUZUKA (1952), ARANO (1964,1968), VALLES XIRAU (1987), and TYAGI &DUBEY (1990). In Slovakia, A. annua is oftenfound in fields as a weed, however in the CzechRepublic it prefers ruderal habitats.

Artemisia pancicii (JANKA) RONN.2n = 541. Cz, village of Pouzdřany: Nature reserve Pouz-dřanská step, 300 m a.s.l., coll. V. GRULICH, June1999 (Fig. 1a).

This first count from the Czech Republic con-firms chromosome numbers published by EHREN-DORFER (1964) from Austria (Lower Austria,Bisamberg Hill by Wien and Burgenland, villageof Neusiedl am See, Kalvarienberg Hill) and Yu-goslavia (Deliblat). It is one of the most rare Pan-nonian endemics and occurs in only 17–20 local-ities: three of them are in the Czech Republic(South Moravia), one is in Yugoslavia (Vojvod-ina), and the others are in Austria (Lower Austriaand Burgenland). Hexaploid Artemisia pancicii ismorphologically and karyologically isolated fromthe related diploid, Artemisia laciniata (cf. EHEN-DORFER, 1964).

Artemisia repens WILLD.2n = 161. Cz, Praha: town district Strašnice in the SEpart of the city, cemetery, 245 m a.s.l., coll. V.GRULICH, September 1999.

The chromosome number of Artemisia aus-triaca agg. was recorded for the first time fromthe Czech Republic. This aggregate contains taxawith two ploidy levels. FERÁKOVÁ (1997) pre-dicted that plants from natural habitats in westernPannonia (Slovakia, Austria and Hungary) havehexaploid chromosome counts (2n = 48), and Cen-tral European plants from anthropogenic habitatsare diploid (2n = 16). Diploid plants are knownfrom Poland (URBANSKA in SKALINSKA et al.,1959), Slovakia (FERÁKOVÁ, 1997), and also fromwild populations in Bulgaria (FERÁKOVÁ, 1997,KUZMANOV et al., 1986). Diploid plants differfrom tetraploids by flower head diameter (FERÁ-

KOVÁ, 1997). The name Artemisia repens Willd.,based on material from Russia, is proposed forthese diploid plants. All the studied herbariumspecimens collected in the Czech Republic (FER-ÁKOVÁ, 1997) resemble diploids morphologically.Based on both geographical and morphologicaldifferentiation, we recommend classifying the cy-totypes as separate species. The tetraploid level(2n = 32) was detected by LAVRENKO & SERDI-TOV (1991) in Russia (Autonomous Republic ofKomi). This count probably belongs to anothertaxon from this aggregate. The tetraploid number2n = 36, published by KAWATANI &OHNO (1964),certainly refers to a related taxon with x = 9.

Artemisia scoparia W. & K.2n = 161. Cz, distr. Havlíčkův Brod, village of Ledeč nadSázavou: rocks under the castle, 360 m a.s.l., coll.V. GRULICH, June 1999 (Fig. 1e).

Our record is the first counting from theCzech Republic and is in accordance with liter-ary data reported by HINDÁKOVÁ in MÁJOVSKÝet al. (1976) from Slovakia, KUZMANOV et al.(1986) from Bulgaria, KRASNIKOV & LOMONOSO-VA (1990) and VOLKOVA & BOYKO (1986) fromRussia, MURÍN & CHAUDHRI (1970) from Iraq,PODLECH & BADER (1974) from Afghanistan,KHOSHOO & SOBTI (1958), MEHRA & REM-ANANDAN (1969) from India, and KAUL & BAK-SHI (1984) from the Himalayas. The same num-bers have been published by CHUKSANOVA et al.(1968) and KAWATANI & OHNO (1964). On theother hand, some authors give various differentcounts: from plants cultivated in botanical gar-dens in Liege (Belgium), 2n = 18 (MENDELAK& SCHWEITZER, 1986) and Vladivostok (Rus-sia), 2n = 36 (KAWATANI & OHNO, 1964).These counts probably belong to other relatedspecies which have a basic chromosome numberx = 9, (e.g. to A. campestris). A. scoparia isa rare and threatened species, classified in theC1 category of critically threatened species ofthe Czech flora (HOLUB & PROCHÁZKA, 2000).It prefers somewhat anthropogenic vegetation; itsoccurrence in natural sites is very rare (e.g. inPodyjí National Park, Southern Moravia). It prob-ably belongs to the archaeophytes of Central Eu-rope.

Artemisia tournefortiana RCHB.2n = 181. Cz, Brno: Nové sady Street in the central partof the town, waste place, ca. 200 m a.s.l., coll. V.GRULICH, July 1999 (Fig. 1f).

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ba

c

e f

d

Fig. 1. Somatic metaphases: a: Artemisia pancici (Janka) Ronn., 2n = 54, Pouzdřanská step (Cz). – b: Triglochinmaritima L., loc. 1, 2n = 48, Novi Grad (Croatia). – c: T. palustre L., 2n = 12, Hluboká (Cz). – d: Eleocharisovata (Roth) R. et Sch., Vodná (Cz), 2n = 10. – e: Artemisia scoparia W. et K., 2n = 16, Ledeč nad Sázavou(Cz). – f: A. txournefortiana Rchb., 2n = 18, Brno (Cz). (Scale bars = 10 µm; a, b, c = drawings; d, e, f =microphotographs).

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This chromosome number is the first recordfrom the Czech Republic for this species and con-firms those given from Afghanistan (PODLECH &DIETERLE, 1969) and the NW Himalayas (KAUL& BAKSHI, 1984). The same number was also pub-lished by KHOSHOO & SOBTI (1958), KAWATANI& OHNO (1964), KOUL (1964), VALLES XIRAU(1987) and TORRELL & VALLES (2001). Accord-ing to GRÜLL (1972), A. tournefortiana was firstfound in the Czech Republic at Doudleby nad Or-licí in 1964 and consequently in Frýdek-Místek(1966) and Brno in 1969. Southern Moravia isthe center of its recent distribution in this coun-try. GRÜLL (1972) considered this species to havebeen introduced with wool from Central Asia. Inthe BRNU herbarium it is documented in Brnofrom many places to which it expanded duringthe eighties. It also spreads 25 km south along thebanks of the river Svratka during the last years ofthe 20th century (VYMYSLICKÝ, 2001).

Artemisia verlotiorum LAMOTTE2n = 541. Cz, Praha: town district Strašnice, rubble heap,245 m a.s.l., coll. V. GRULICH, September 1999. 2.Cz, town of Choceň: rubble heap, 290 m a.s.l., coll.P. FILIPPOV, September 1999.

This chromosome number was recorded fromthe Czech Republic for the first time. Variedcounts for A. verlotiorum have been previouslypublished. The same number (2n = 54, hexaploidfrom x = 9) was recorded by VIGNOLI (1945),SOKOLOVSKAYA (1960), KAWATANI & OHNO(1964), LIPPERT & HEUBL (1988) and JAMES etal. (2000). Hypohexaploid numbers of 2n = 52,50, and 48 have been published by JAMES etal. (2000); the latter number was also mentionedby VALLES XIRAU (1987). The diploid number(2n = 18) was counted by KAWATANI & OHNO(1964).

A diploid chromosome number of 2n = 16based on x = 8 was published by KAWATANI &OHNO (1964) and OLIVA BRANAS & VALLES XI-RAU (1991). These counts probably belong to an-other species, related to A. vulgaris.

Cirsium heterophyllum (L.) HILL2n = 341. Cz, Žďárské vrchy Hills, village of Sklené: in thevalley of the Světnovský potok Brook on the forestmargin 1.2 km NW of the village, 710 m a.s.l., coll.P. BUREŠ, 28 July 1999.

This first record from the Czech Repub-lic confirmed data reported in the surveys ofpublished chromosome numbers (FEDOROV, 1969,

MOORE, 1973, 1977, GOLDBLATT, 1981, 1985,1988, GOLDBLATT & JOHNSON, 1994, 1998).

Cirsium oleraceum (L.) SCOP.2n = 341. Cz, Žďárské vrchy Hills, village of Studnice: inthe ditch along the road 1 km N of the village, 645m a.s.l., coll. P. BUREŠ, 28 July 1999.

Our finding is the first chromosome countfrom the Czech Republic and is in accordance withdata reported in the surveys of published chromo-some numbers (FEDOROV, 1969, MOORE, 1973,1977, GOLDBLATT, 1981, 1985, GOLDBLATT &JOHNSON, 1994).

Cirsium palustre (L.) SCOP.2n = 341. Cz, Žďárské vrchy Hills, village of MariánskáHuť (near the village of Herálec): meadow NW ofthe crossroads in the village, 680 m a.s.l., coll. P.BUREŠ , 29 July 1999.

This first record from the Czech Repub-lic confirmed data reported in the surveys ofpublished chromosome numbers (FEDOROV, 1969,ORDNUFF, 1969, MOORE, 1977, GOLDBLATT,1981, 1984, GOLDBLATT & JOHNSON, 1990, 1994,1998).

Cirsium oleraceum × C. rivulare (C. × eru-

cagineum DC.)2n = 341. Cz, Žďárské vrchy Hills, village of MariánskáHuť (near the village of Herálec): meadow NW ofthe crossroads in the village, 680 m a.s.l., coll. P.BUREŠ, 29 July 1999.

This is the first chromosome number recordfor this interspecific hybrid; the same number wasreported by LAVRENKO et al. (1991) for the hy-brid of C. heterophyllum and C. oleraceum. Hy-brids of diploid (2n = 34) species of the genus Cir-sium generally have the same chromosome num-ber as the parental species; this was detected inmany samples using flow cytometry (BUREŠ, 2003in press).

Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. & SCH.2n = 201. Cz, distr. Břeclav, village of Lanžhot: meadowNW of forester’s house Dúbravka 4 km SW of thevillage, 150 m a.s.l., coll. V. ŘEHOŘEK, August1996.

The chromosome number 2n = 20 is in agree-ment with records published from the Czech Re-public (JAVŮRKOVÁ-JAROLÍMOVÁ in MĚSÍČEK &JAROLÍMOVÁ, 1992) and with many other counts

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in surveys of published chromosome numbers (FE-DOROV, 1969, MOORE, 1973, GOLDBLATT, 1981,1984, 1985, GOLDBLATT & JOHNSON, 1991).Chromosome counts 2n = 56 (36–38, 50–58) pub-lished by HICKS (1929) are unique among manyliterature records and belong probably to anothertaxon of the genus Eleocharis.

Eleocharis ovata (ROTH) R. & SCH.2n = 101. Cz, distr. Český Krumlov, village of Chvalšiny:pond SW of the village, 560 m a.s.l. 2. Cz,distr. Česká Lípa, village of Stvolinky: NebeskýPond 750 m NE of the chapel in the village,270 m a.s.l. 3. Cz, distr. Pelhřimov, village ofVodná: Vlčetinský Pond SW of the village, 530m a.s.l. (fig. 1d). 4. Cz, distr. Strakonice, villageof Uzeničky: Hliběnský Pond 1.4 km NNE of thechurch in the village, 520 m a.s.l. Plants from alllocalities coll. P. BUREŠ & I. BUREŠOVÁ, July1993.

This chromosome number is reported for thefirst time from the Czech Republic and is in accor-dance with published records from India (SANYAL& SHARMA, 1972). The same chromosome countswere also published by STRANDHEDE (1966) inplants of unknown origin from the botanical gar-dens in Lvov and Bucharest and from the Botani-cal Institute in Strasbourg.

Eleocharis quinque ora (F. X. HARTMANN) O.SCHWARZ2n = ca.1361. Cz, distr. Havlíčkův Brod, village of Hluboká:wet meadows on the SE shore of Řeka Pond, 560m a.s.l., coll. P. BUREŠ, June 1997.

The first counting of this genus was made bySTRANDHEDE (in ANONYMUS, 1962) who foundthe number 2n = 132 in Sweden. The number2n = 136 was published by SAUNTE (in JÖR-GENSEN et al., 1958) from Denmark, as well aslater by THIÉBAUD (1970) from Switzerland onthe basis of meiotic metaphase. Similar numbersn = 66, 67 were detected by STRANDHEDE (inWEIMARCK, 1963, in HYLANDER, 1966) and bySTRANDHEDE& DAHLGREN (1968). Chromosomenumbers n = 23 + 0 − 3B, published by MEHRA& SACHDEVA (1975) from the W Himalayas, and2n = 20, published by DAVIES (1956) undoubtedlybelong to another taxon of the genus Eleocharis.

The chromosome number 2n = ca.100 waspublished by KNABEN (1950) from Norway and2n = 80 − 100 by LÖVE (1954) and LÖVE &LÖVE (1956) from Iceland. These chromosomenumbers resemble published chromosome counts

for morphologically similar Trichophorum caespi-tosum (the chromosome count 2n = 104 was re-ported by GOLDBLATT, 1981, 1984).

Senecio aquaticus HILL2n = 401. Cz, town of Příbram, village of Višňová: valleyof the brook 1 km S of the church, 420 m a.s.l.,1999. 2. Cz, SW margin of the city of Praha, vil-lage of Šeberov: meadow 0.8 km S of the S mar-gin, 290 m a.s.l., 2000. 3. Cz, town of VysokéMýto, village of Horní Jelení: wet-meadow on theS margin of the village, 300 m a.s.l., 2001. 4.Cz, Žďárské vrchy Hills, town of Nové Město naMoravě: meadow between the Klečkovec and Ci-helna Ponds in the NW part of town, 600 m a.s.l.,1999. 5. Cz, Žďárské vrchy Hills, town of NovéMěsto na Moravě: meadow along the road to thevillage of Pohledec, 0.8 km SW of the church, 580m a.s.l., 2000. All plants coll. S. VYLÍČILOVÁ.

Our findings confirmed data published earlierfrom many countries (FEDOROV, 1969, MOORE,1973, GOLDBLATT, 1981, 1988) and from theCzech Republic (ZELENÝ, 1975).

Senecio erraticus BERTOL.2n = 401. Cz, distr. Břeclav, village of Milovice: along theroad to the Nature Reserve Křivé jezero, 1.2 kmENE of the church, 165 m a.s.l., 2000. 2. Cz, distr.Břeclav, village of Sedlec: meadow on the W mar-gin of the Nesyt Pond, E of the village, 160 ma.s.l., 1999. 3. Cz, distr. Břeclav, village of Led-nice na Moravě: salt meadow on the W margin ofthe Hlohovecký Pond, 4.5 km SW of the church,170 m a.s.l., 2001. 4. Cz, distr. Břeclav, village ofCharvátská Nová Ves: meadow on the SE marginof the village, 160 m a.s.l., 2000. All plants coll. S.VYLÍČILOVÁ.

This first record from the Czech Republicconfirmed literature data reported in the surveysof published chromosome counts (FEDOROV, 1969,MOORE, 1973, GOLDBLATT, 1981).

Triglochin maritima L.2n = 481. Croatia, Istria Peninsula, town of Novi Grad:seashore, Antenal Bay, 0 m a.s.l., coll. P. BUREŠ,10 August 1996 (Fig. 1b).

Various chromosome numbers correspondingto different ploidy levels have been reported inT. maritimum agg. The most frequent chromo-some number of Triglochin maritima s. s. in Eu-rope is probably octoploid 2n = 48, which is re-ported from Slovakia (VÁCHOVÁ in MÁJOVSKÝ

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et al., 1978), Poland (SKALISKA et al., 1961,BOHDANOWICZ & DABROWSKA, 1997), Ruma-nia (TARNAVSCHI, 1948), France (LEVEQUE &GORENFLOT, 1969), Great Britain (LUQUE inDAVY & BISHOP, 1991, MONTGOMERY et al.,1997), the Netherlands (GADELLA & KLIPHUIS,1973), Sweden (2n = ca.48, HEDBERG & HED-BERG, 1964), Scandinavia (LÖVE & LÖVE, 1942),Finland (AROHONKA, 1982), Iceland (LÖVE &LÖVE, 1956), and Schleswig-Holstein in Germany(WULFF, 1939). We found the same number inplants from the population at Antenal Bay, as thefirst chromosome record of this species in Croatia.

The diploid chromosome number 2n = 12was reported from Rumania (TARNAVSCHI, 1938),and the tetraploid 2n = 24 from Spain (LAGO& CASTROVIEJO, 1993), France (LEVEQUE &GORENFLOT, 1969), and Poland (SKALINSKA etal., 1961). SKALINSKA et al. (1961) also foundthe pentaploid number 2n = 30 in Poland. Thehexaploid number 2n = 36 was reported fromFrance (LABADIE, 1976).

From the extra-European regions, octoploidwith 2n = 48 was also reported from Asia(HARADA, 1956, UCHIYAMA et al., 1989, KRAS-NIKOV, 1991) and North America (HEDBERG,1967, VICKERY, 1970, MULLIGAN & CODY, 1973,LÖVE & LÖVE, 1981, POJAR, 1973). The he-xaploid number 2n = 36 was found in Asia(ZHUKOVA, 1982).

From the East Asia and North America thereare also Triglochin maritimum chromosome num-bers which correspond to high polyploidy lev-els: 2n = 80 from Primorskii kraj (PROBATOVA& SOKOLOVSKAYA, 1984) and near Novosibirsk(KRASNIKOV, 1991), 2n = 96 from the QueenCharlotte Islands (TAYLOR & MULLIGAN, 1968),and 2n = 100 (UCHIYAMA et al., 1989) and 2n =120 (HARADA, 1956) from W Japan. It is not clearif these high polyploids belong to the same taxonof Triglochin maritimum s. l. as European octo-ploids.

Triglochin palustre L.2n = 241. Cz, Žďárské vrchy Hills, village of Hluboká:Řeka Pond, 550 m a.s.l., coll. P. BUREŠ, 27 June1996 (Fig. 1c). 2. Italy, Dolomite Mts.: lake nearthe road between Lago di Misurina Lake and TreCime di Lavaredo Mt, 1760 m a.s.l., coll. P. BU-REŠ, 16 July 1996.

Chromosome numbers were recorded for thefirst time from the Czech Republic and Italy andare in accordance with numerous counts frommany countries reported by FEDOROV (1969),

MOORE (1973, 1974), GOLDBLATT (1981, 1984,1985, 1988), and GOLDBLATT & JOHNSON (1990,1991, 1994, 1996) in surveys of published chromo-some counts. Different counts are relatively rare –hexaploid 2n = 36 and tetraploid 2n = 24 weredetected by TAYLOR & MULLIGAN (1968) in theQueen Charlotte Islands.

Acknowledgements

The authors are indebted to I. BUREŠOVÁ, P. FILIP-POV, and V. ŘEHOŘEK, who collected plants. Ourthanks belong to Simona VYLÍČILOVÁ, who collectedand counted chromosome numbers in two species of thegenus Senecio and to Sierra Dawn Stoneberg HOLTwho did language corrections. This study was sup-ported by the Ministry of Education of the CzechRepublic (research project MSM 143100010 Spatialand Temporal Biodiversity Dynamics in Ecosystems ofCentral Europe) and by the Grant Agency of the CzechRepublic (project 206/98/1545 Flora of the Czech Re-public Vol. 7).

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Received April 2, 2003Accepted April 27, 2004

Biologia, Bratislava, 59/4: 433—434, 2004 FLORISTICAL NOTE

Cladonia metacorallifera (lichenized Ascomycota,Cladoniaceae) new to Poland and additional recordfrom Slovakia

Agnieszka Kowalewska & Martin Kukwa

Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdansk, Al. Legionow 9, PL–80-441 Gdansk, Poland, tel. +48 58 341 03 60, fax: +48 58 341 20 16, e-mails: bioak@univ.gda.pl,dokmak@univ.gda.pl.

Cladonia metacorallifera ASAHINA is red-fruited lichenwith largely corticated podetia producing squamules.The cups are at least at the tops decorticated andblacked. The thallus is yellow-tinged and containsusnic, squamatic and didymic acids in a typicalchemotype. In the second chemotype (= var. reagensASAHINA), squamatic acid is replaced by thamnolicacid (e.g. TØNSBERG, 1975).

The species was described by ASAHINA (1939)from Japan. Later, it was recorded from Alaska andSouthern America. In 1975 the species was found forthe first time in Europe from Austria and Norway (seeTØNSBERG, 1975 and literature cited therein). Nowit is known also from Estonia (RANDLANE & SAAG,1999), Finland (VITIKAINEN et al., 1997), Germany(SCHOLZ, 2000), Great Britain (PURVIS & JAMES,1992), Slovakia (PIŠÚT 1997), Sweden (SANTESSON,1993), United States and Canada (e.g. ESSLINGER& EGAN, 1995). For Austria and Norway see also

HAFELLNER & TURK (2001) and SANTESSON (1993).During the revision of some Cladonia specimens

deposited in the lichen herbarium of Gdansk Univer-sity we found two collections from Poland and Slovakia,which appeared to be C. metacorallifera. Both speci-mens represent typical chemotype. The species has notbeen previously known from Poland and is reportedhere for the first time for this country. In Slovakiait was earlier known from only one locality in Velickdolina valley in High Tatra Mts (PIŠÚT 1997).

Cladonia metacorallifera was found only in moun-tain situations at altitudes ca. 1250–1400 m (Fig. 1).Polish specimen was growing on soil, while Slovakian,including that reported by PIŠÚT (1997), on rocks.Probably the species is restricted to high mountainsin Poland and Slovakia and might be more common inboth countries as there are many available localities.It might also occur in Polish part of Tatra Mts as wellas in Czech part of Karkonosze Mts.

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Fig. 1. Known localities of Cladonia metacorallifera inPoland and Slovakia; • – new; ◦ – reported by PIŠÚT(1997).

The species can be mistaken for very similarCladonia borealis STENROOS and C. coccifera (L.)Willd., but C. metacorallifera has podetia blackeningat the tops (sometimes almost entire cups have black-ish medulla) and microsquamulose surface, even in thecups. There is also difference in the chemistry betweenthese three taxa. All of them produce usnic acid, butC. borealis additionally contains barbatic acid, C. coc-cifera zeorin, whereas C. metacorallifera didymic andsuaqmatic (or thamnolic) acids (e.g. STENROOS, 1989;PURVIS & JAMES, 1992).

Specimens examined: Poland. Karkonosze Mts,Karkonoski National Park, ca. 0.5 km SE of tourist re-sort ‘Pod Sniezka’, W of Sniezka Mt, near the bound-aries with the Czech Republic, alt. ca. 1400 m, openand sunny area, on soil, 07.09.2001, leg. M. KUKWA1176 (UGDA-L-8150); Slovakia Vysoké Tatry Mts,Tatra National Park, Bielovodská dolina valley, S ofLysá Poľana, alt. ca. 1250 m, on stone, 17.8.1999, leg.M. KUKWA s.n. (UGDA-L-8151).

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Received Jan. 8, 2004Accepted April 27, 2004

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