rosetta - spacepolicyonline.com pb1 rosetta... · rosetta scientific objectives 1. investigate the...
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Rita Schulz
Rosetta Project Scientist
ROSETTA One Comet Rendezvous and two Asteroid Fly-bys
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8 x 3.2 x ? km
Unfortunately:
very few in-situ compositional measurements
gas coma – only from comet Halley
dust coma – from Halley and Wild-2
Stardust sample return of coma dust
15.3 x 7.2 x7.2 km 5.3 x 4.0 x 3.3 km rm = 3.0 km (d = 5.0-7.5 km)
DS-1 Mission
2001
19P/Borrelly
Deep Impact Mission
2005
9P/Tempel
Giotto Mission
1986
1P/Halley
Stardust Mission
2004
81P/ Wild 2
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Rosetta
A Comet rendezvous Mission
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Rosetta Scientific Objectives
1. Investigate the origin of the Solar System by studying the
origin of comets
2. Global characterization of the comet nucleus, dynamic
properties, surface morphology and composition
3. Determination of chemical, mineralogical and isotopic
compositions of volatiles and refractories in a comet
nucleus
4. Determination of the physical properties and interrelation
of volatiles and refractories in a comet nucleus
5. Study of the development of cometary activity and the
processes in the surface layer of the nucleus and inner
coma (dust/gas interaction)
6. Characterisation of main belt asteroids including dynamic
properties, surface morphology and composition
1. Investigate the origin of the Solar System by studying the
origin of comets
2. Global characterization of the comet nucleus, dynamic
properties, surface morphology and composition
3. Determination of chemical, mineralogical and isotopic
compositions of volatiles and refractories in a comet
nucleus
4. Determination of the physical properties and interrelation
of volatiles and refractories in a comet nucleus
5. Study of the development of cometary activity and the
processes in the surface layer of the nucleus and inner
coma (dust/gas interaction)
6. Characterisation of main belt asteroids including dynamic
properties, surface morphology and composition
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Jan 23, 2014
Rosetta arrival at the comet
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67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Heliocentric Period: 6.59 yearsPerihelion: 1.30 AUAphelion: 5.73 AUDiscovery: 1969
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11 Orbiter Instruments/
(Instrument Packages)
18 Experiments
Payload Mass: ~170 kg
+ Lander: ~110 kg
10 Lander Instruments/
(Instrument Packages)
=> 16 Experiments
Rosetta
Scientific Payload
Payload Mass: ~27 kg
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CONSERT: Comet Nucleus Sounding (W. Kofman, France)GIADA: Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator (L. Colangeli, Italy)ALICE: Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (J. Parker, USA)VIRTIS: Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (A. Coradini, Italy)OSIRIS: Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System (H.U. Keller, Germany)
Rosetta Spacecraft and Payload
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CONSERT Experiment
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MIDAS: Micro-Imaging Dust Analysis System W. Riedler, Austria)ROSINA: Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (H. Balsiger, Switzerland)COSIMA: Cometary Secondary Ion Mass Analyser (M. Hilchenbach, Germany)MIRO: Microwave Instrument for the Rosetta Orbiter (S. Gulkis, USA)RPC: Rosetta Plasma Consortium
Rosetta Spacecraft and Payload
RSI: Radio Science Investigation (M. Pätzold, Germany)
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Imaging CIVA, ROLIS
Composition analysis APX, COSAC, Ptolemy
Physical properties MUPUS, SESAME
Nucleus large-scale structure CONSERT
Magnetic field and plasma ROLIS
Drill and sampling device SD2
Philae Lander and Payload
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Helium
Oven
Chemical
Separation
Gas-
chromato-
graph
Mass-
Spectrometer
Material
Input
COSAC
Organic Molecules
Mass-resolution 3000
Up to 1000 amu
MODULUS
Isotope analysis (H, C, N, O)
Chemical separation
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Drill sampling tube Carousel, ovens, tapping station
Medium temp. oven with sample
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The Journey
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• Launch: 2 March 2004 with Ariane 5
• Journey:
3 Earth gravity assistsMar 2005, Nov 2007, Nov 2009
1 Mars gravity assistFeb 2007
2 Asteroid flybys2867 Steins: Sep 2008, 21 Lutetia: Jul 2010
Comet Rendezvous maneuverMay 2014 m(4 AU)
Lander delivery:Nov 2014 (3 AU)
Perihelion Passage:Aug 2015 (1.24 AU)
End of Nominal Mission:Dec 2015 (1.9 AU **)
Rosetta Milestones
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First Earth Swing-by
Rosetta Navigation Camera A
25 July 2004
Rosetta NavCam
Closest Approach:
4 March 2005, at
1900 km altitude
In-flight Validation of
Asteroid Flyby Mode
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Graham land (Antarctica) imaged from heights
between 5500 km and 6250 km
Closest Approach:
13 November 2007
at 5295 km altitude
First Earth Swing-by
Rosetta NavCam
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OSIRIS Pictures Europe and North Africa
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Rosetta was also seen from the Earth
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Rosetta Navigation Camera A
25 July 2004 Rosetta Osiris
Closest Approach:
25 February 2007,
at 250 km altitude
Mars Swing-by
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Rosetta Navigation Camera A
25 July 2004Rosetta Philae/Civa
Rosetta imaged with
the Civa camera on
the Philae Lander
Altitude: 1000 km
Mars Swing-by
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(2867) Steins Fly-by Overview
4 August 2008 to 3 October 2008
Closest approach:
5 Sept. 2008 18:38:19 UT
rH = 2.14 AU, Δ = 2.41 AU
Relative velocity: 8.62 km/s
Minimum flyby distance: 802.6 km
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(2867) Steins Fly-by Overview
Fly-by on the Sun side of the asteroid
In the plane defined by relative
velocity vector and Sun direction
Fly-by through phase angle zero.
Phase angle coverage: 0-140°
Phase angle at approach: 38.5 deg
Phase angle zero at 1280 km
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Tracking on (2867) Steins
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(2867) Steins Fly-by Geometry
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Steins Fly-by Results - VIRTIS
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(21) Lutetia Fly-by Overview
8 August 2008 to 3 October 2008
Closest approach:
10 July 2010 15:51 UTC
rH = 2.72 AU, Δ = 3.05 AU
Relative velocity: 15 km/s
Targeted minimum flyby distance: 3160 km
Zero phase angle at 16400 km (18 min before CA)
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Distance and angular size of Lutetia
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Material is lifted off active areas
This material is being analysed
in-situ in the coma
Heavy material falls back on active area
→ never reaches the coma
Rosetta Lander will provide clues !
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How does comet nucleus activity work?
The answer is expected from Rosetta
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0.0
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Date
Dis
tan
ce (
AU
)
Earth Distance
Sun Distance
Where is Rosetta Today?
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Preparation of vibrations testing
In vacuum chamber
Arrival in Kourou
Rosetta Launch Preparations
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Long Distance Communication
Operations:
- From ESOC in Darmstadt
- 50 minute communication travelling time from
spacecraft to Earth
- Data links from 10 to 22,000 bits per second
- On-board solid state memory of 22 Gbits
ESA’s Deep Space Antenna:
- Built in New Norcia, Australia
- 35 metre diameter antenna
- Radio frequencies S band, X band
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The End