root rots: phytophthora that attack the fine feeder roots...
TRANSCRIPT
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Root Rots: Phytophthora that Attack
the Fine Feeder Roots of Trees
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Symptoms •Damping off (seedling diseases)
Preemergence = death of seedling before hypocotyl emerges
Postemergence = death of seedling after emergence from soil
•Stem canker
•Chlorotic foliage
•Wilting
•Shoot dieback
•Stunted growth
•Collar rot
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Root rot Post-emergence damping off
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Damping off of Seedlings
Control – Cultural - Reduce irrigation
Chlorinate irrigation water
Plant on raised beds
Plant in porous potting mixtures
Plant during weather that favors
seedling growth
– Chemical - Fumigate soil (methyl bromide)
Do not over fertilize
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Diseases caused by Phytophthora
Little Leaf Disease of Shortleaf Pine -
Phytophthora cinnamomi
Ohia Decline
Jarrah Decline
Root Rot of Port Orford Cedar-
Phytophthora lateralis
Sudden Oak Death - Phytophthora ramorum
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Oomycetes (Water Molds) Fungus-like organisms, but more closely related to brown
algae
Asexual Spores -Zoospores : Motile with two flagella
Form in sporangia (zoosporangia).
Chlamydospores: asexual thick-walled
survival spores.
www.botany.hawaii.edu
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• Sexual Spores
Oospores - spherical thick-walled survival structures
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Diseases Caused by
Phytophthora cinnamomi
• Littleleaf Disease – Hosts = short leaf pine, southeastern USA
– Symptoms = sparse foliage, chlorotic needles, dieback,
death in 3-10 yrs
– Zoospores attacks feeder roots under wet conditions
Control = remove diseased trees, replant to non-host, do not
plant trees on sites that will cause stress (e.g. poorly
drained sites), fertilize landscape trees
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Littleleaf Disease and P. cinnamomi in the Southeast
1. P. cinnamomi introduced into the SE
200+ yrs ago
2. Killed lots of chestnut (ink stain
disease of roots)
3. Shortleaf pine was planted extensively
4. P. cinnamomi killed shortleaf pine
especially over former chestnut range
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Phytophthora cinnamomi
Ohia Decline in Hawaii
• Root rot of Ohia Forests
– Symptoms = forest decline
– Wet sites with decreased drainage
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Phytophthora cinnamomi
Jarrah Decline
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• Jarrah Decline – Hosts = Eucalyptus marginata (Jarrah); Also attacks 50-
75% of southern Australian forest species
– Symptoms = chlorosis and necrosis, stunted leaves, wilt, dieback, mortality
– Zoospores attack fine roots, especially in soils with a hardpan layer
– Control = quarantine, apply fungicide to vehicles moving through diseased zones, prevent entry of the pathogen in disease free areas (vehicles, people, livestock)
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Root Rot of Port Orford Cedar Caused
by Phytophthora lateralis
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Root Rot of Port Orford Cedar Caused
by Phytophthora lateralis
– Host = Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
– Symptoms = inner bark discoloration, root rot,
girdling of tree base, chlorotic/necrotic foliage, death
– Zoospores attack fine roots, hyphae spreads through
inner bark
– Severe epidemics along streams and roads
– Control - Prevent spread! Search for and plant
resistant trees
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Sudden Oak Death
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Coast live oak and tan oak
in California
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P. ramorum life cycle
Asexual – Sporangia produce zoospores
Chlamydospores
Sexual Stage – Oospores not found in
US
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Phytophthora ramorum causes deadly cankers
and foliar or twig blight. The disease has been
found in 68 species of plants in 40 genera.
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Surveys: Phytophthora on Woody Ornamentals
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Phytophthora species
found in Minnesota
Nurseries
P. cactorum
P. cambivora
P. citricola
P. citrophthora
P. fragariae var. rubi
P. hedraiandra
P. inflata
P. nicotianae
P. alni
Unknown species
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Phytophthora Species Found in:
Potting Media
Irrigation Water
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