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Root Growth and Development Literature Review Bibliography
Last Modified: Spring 2009
1. 2001. Priority Substances List Assessment: Road Salt. Canadian Environmental
Protection Act 1999 Environment Canada: Health Canada.
2. Abadía, J., F. Morales, et al. 1999. Photosystem II efficiency in low chlorophyll, iron-
deficient leaves. Plant and Soil 215(2):183-192.
3. Adams, M. E. 1967. A study in ecology of Acacia mellifera, A. seyal, and Balanites
aegyptiaca in relation to land-clearing. Journal of Applied Ecology 4(1):221-237.
4. Alberti, M. 2005. The effects of urban patterns on ecosystem function. International
Regional Science Review 28(2):168-192.
5. Alberty, C. A., H. M. Pellett, et al. 1984. Characterization of soil compaction at
construction sites and woody plant response. Journal of Environmental Horticulture
2(2):48-53.
6. Albrecht, G. and S. Biemelt. 1998. A comparative study on carbohydrate reserves and
ethanolic fermentation in the roots of two wetland and non-wetland species after
commencement of hypoxia.Physiologia Plantarum 104:81-86.
7. Alcántara, E., A. M. Cordeiro, et al. 2003. Selection of olive varieties for tolerance to
iron chlorosis. Journal of Plant Physiology 160(12):1467-1472.
8. Allmaras, R. R., J. M. Kraft, et al. 1988. Effects of soil compaction and incorporated
crop residue on root health. Annual Review of Phytopathology 26:219-243.
9. Andersen, P. C., P. B. Lombard, et al. 1984. Effect of root anaerobiosis on the water
relations of several Pyrus species. Physiologia Plantarum 62(2):245-252.
10. Anderson, L. M., A. L. Clark, et al. 1983. Growth of oak seedlings with specific
ectomycorhrizae in urban stress environments. Journal of Arboriculture 9(6):156-159.
11. Anella, L. B. and T. H. Whitlow. 1999. Flood-tolerance ranking of red and Freeman
maple cultivars. Journal of Arboriculture 25(1):31-37.
12. Angers, D. A. and J. Caron. 1998. Plant-induced Changes in Soil Structure: Processes
and Feedbacks. Biogeochemistry 42(1-2):55-72.
13. Appleton, B. L. and L. T. Chaplin. 2001. New York/Mid-Atlantic Gardener's Book of
Lists. Lanham, MD: Cooper Square Press.
14. Appleton, B. L., J. Horsley, et al. 2002. Trees for Parking Lots and Paved Areas.
Virginia Cooperative Extension.
15. Armstrong, W., T. C. Booth, et al. 1976. The relationship between soil aeration,
stability, and growth of sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) on upland peaty
gleys. Journal of Applied Ecology 13(2):585-591.
16. Armstrong, W. and T. J. Gaynard. 1976. The critical oxygen pressures for respiration in
intact plants. Physiologia Plantarum 37(3):200-206.
17. Arnold M. A., G. V. McDonald, et al. 2007. Below-grade planting adversely affects
survival and growth of tree species from five different families. Arboriculture and
Urban Forestry 33(1):64-69.
18. Arnold, M. A. and E. Young. 1990. Growth and protein content of apple in response to
root and shoot temperature following chilling. HortScience 25(12):1583-1588.
19. Asady, G. H. and A. J. M. Smucker. 1989. Compaction and root modifications of soil
aeration. Soil Science Society of America Journal 53(1):251-254.
20. Atkinson, D., K. E. Black, et al. 2003. The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal
colonization and environment on root development in soil. European Journal of Soil
Science 54(4):751-757.
21. Atwell, B. J. 1993. Response of roots to mechanical impedance. Environmental and
Experimental Botany. 33(1):27-40.
22. Atzmon, N., E. Salomon, et al. 1994. Lateral root formation in pine seedlings. Trees:
Structure and Function. 8(6):268-272.
23. Balasubramanyan, S. and M. I. Manivannan. 2008. Root pattern studies in acid lime in
silt clay soils. The Asian Journal of Horticulture 3(2):241-245.
24. Ballantyne, A. B. 1916. Fruit tree root systems: Spread and depth. Logan, UT: Utah
Agricultural Experiment Station.
25. Bannan, M. W. 1940. The root systems of northern Ontario conifers growing in sand.
American Journal of Botany 27(2):108-114.
26. Barley, K. 1963. Influence of soil strength on growth of roots. Soil Science 96(3):175-
180.
27. Barley, K. P. 1954). Effects of root growth and decay on permeability of synthetic
sandy loam. Soil Science 78(3):205-211.
28. Barnett , D. 1986. Root Growth and Water use by newly transplanted woody landscape
plants. The Public Garden 1:23-25.
29. Bartens, J., S. D. Day, et al. 2008. Can urban tree roots improve infiltration through
compacted subsoils for stormwater management? Journal of Environmental Quality.
37(6):2048-2057.
30. Bassett, I., R. Simcock, et al. 2005. Consequences of soil compaction for seedling
establishment: Implications for natural regeneration and restoration. Austral Ecology
30(8):827-833.
31. Bassuk, N. 2008. CU-Soil: An update after more than a decade of use in the urban
environment. City Trees 1:16-19."
32. Bassuk , N., D. F. Curtis, et al. 2009. Recommended urban trees: Site assessment and
tree selection for stress tolerance. Ithaca, NY: Urban Horticulture Institute.
33. Becker, P., N. Sharbini, et al. 1999. Root Architecture and Root: Shoot Allocation of
Shrubs and Saplings in Two Lowland Tropical Forests: Implications for Life-Form
Composition. Biotropica 31(1):93-101.
34. Belcher, J. W., P. A. Keddy, and L. Twolan-Strutt. 1995. Root and shoot competition
intensity along a soil depth gradient. Journal of Ecology 83(4):673-682.
35. Belsky, A. J. 1994. Influences of trees on savanna productivity: Tests of shade,
nutrients, and tree-grass competition. Ecology 75(4):922-932.
36. Bengough, A. B. and C. E. Mullins. 1990. Mechanical impedance to root growth: A
review of experimental techniques and root growth responses. European Journal of Soil
Science 41(3):341-358.
37. Bengough, A. G., C. Croser, et al. 1997. A biophysical analysis of root growth under
mechanical stress. Plant and Soil 189(1):155-164.
38. Bengough, A.G., C. J. Mackenzie, et al. 1994. Biophysics of the growth responses of
pea roots to changes in penetration resistance. Plant and Soil 167:135-141.
39. Bengough, A. G., and I. M. Young. 1993. Root elongation of seedling peas through
layered soil of different penetration resistances. Plant and Soil 149:129-139.
40. Bernstein, N. and U. Kafkafi. 2002. Root growth under salinity stress. Plant Roots: The
Hidden Half. ed. Y. Waisel, A. Eshel, and U. Kafkafi. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.
41. Berrang, P., D. F. Karnosky. et al. 1985. Environmental factors affecting tree health in
New York City. Journal of Arboriculture 11(6):185-189.
42. Betanowny, K. H. and A. M. A. Wahab. 1973. Eco-physiological studies in desert
plants. VIII. Root penetration of Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forsk.) Decne. in relation to
its water balance. Oecologia (Berlin) 11:151-161.
43. Bethlahmy, N. 1962. First year effects of timber removal on soil moisture. Bulletin of
the International Association of Scientific Hydrology 7:34-38.
44. Birch, G. F. and A. Scollen. 2003. Heavy metals in road dust, gully pots, and parkland
soils in a highly urbanized sub-catchment of Port Jackson, Australia. Australian Journal
of Soil Research 41(7):1329-1342.
45. Biswell, H. H. 1935. Effects of environment upon root habits of certain deciduous forest
trees.Botanical Gazette 96(4):676-708.
46. Black, K. E., C. G. Harbron, et al. 1998. Differences in root longevity of some tree
species. Tree Physiology 18(4):259-264.
47. Blouin, V. M., M. G. Schmidt, et al. 2005. Mechanical disturbance impacts on soil
properties and lodgepole pine growth in British Columbia's central interior. Canadian
Journal of Soil Science 85(5):681-691.
48. Boateng, J. O., J. L. Heineman, et al. 2006. Twenty year responses of white spruce to
mechanical site preparation and early chemical release in the boreal region of
northeastern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:2386-2399.
49. Boerner, R. E. J., B. G. DeMars, et al. 1996. Spatial patterns of mycorrhizal
infectiveness of soils long a successional chronosequence. Mycorrhiza 6:79-90.
50. Bois, G., F. J. Bigras, et al. 2006. Ectomycorrhizal fungi affect the physiological
responses of Picea glauca and Pinus banksiana seedlings exposed to an NaCl gradient.
Tree Physiology 26(9):1185-1196.
51. Bolund, P. and S. Hunhammar. 1999. Ecosystem services in urban areas. Ecological
Economics 29(2):293-301.
52. Bouma , T. J., K. L. Nielsen, et al. 1997. Estimating respiration of roots in soil:
Interactions with soil CO2, soil temperature, and soil water content. Plant and Soil
195(2):221-232.
53. Boyer, E. W., C. L. Goodale , et al. (2002). Anthropogenic nitrogen sources and
relationships to riverine nitrogen export in the northeastern U.S.A. Biogeochemistry 57-
58(1):137-169.
54. Boynton, D. and O. C. Compton. 1940. ""Effect of oxygen pressure in aerated nutrient
solution on production of new roots and on growth of roots and tops by fruit trees.""
Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science 42: 53-58."
55. Brady, N. and R. Weil. 1999. The Nature and Properties of Soils. Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall.
56. Bramley, H., J. Hutson, et al. 2003. Floodwater infiltration through root channels on a
sodic clay floodplain and the influence on a local tree species Eucalyptus largiflorens.
Plant and Soil 253(1):275-286.
57. Brant, J. B. and D. D. Myrold. 2006. Root controls on soil microbial community
structure in forest soils. Oecologia 148(4):650-659.
58. Britton, J. C. 1990. Root crown examinations for disease and decay. Journal of
Arboriculture 16(7):5 .
59. Bronick, C. J. and R. Lal. 2005. Soil structure and management: a review. Geoderma
124(1-2):3-22.
60. Broschat, T. K. and H. M. Donselman. 1984. Regrowth of severed palm roots. Journal
of Arboriculture 10(8):238-240.
61. Brown, J. H., Jr. and F. W. Woods. 1968. Root extension of trees in surface soils of the
North Carolina Piedmont. Botanical Gazette 129(2):126-132.
62. Brundrett, M. C., G. Murase, et al. 1990. Comparative anatomy of roots and
mycorrhizae of common Ontario trees. Canadian Journal of Botany 68(3):551-578.
63. Bryla, D. R., T. J. Bouma, et al. 1997. Root respiration in citrus acclimates to
temperatures and slows during drought. Plant, Cell, and Environment 20(11):1411-
1420.
64. Bulmer, C. E. and D. G. Simpson. 2005. Soil compaction and water content as factors
affecting the growth of lodgepole pine seedlings on sandy clay loam soil. Canadian
Journal of Soil Science 85(5):667-679.
65. Bunemann, E. K., G. D. Schwenke, et al. 2006. Impact of agricultural inputs on soil
organisms- a review. Australian Journal of Soil Research 44:379-406.
66. Buresh, R. J. and G. Tian. 1997. Soil improvement by trees in sub-Saharan Africa.
Agroforestry Systems 38(1-3).
67. Burger, D. W. and T. E. Prager. 2008. Deep-rooted trees for urban environments:
Selection and propagation. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry 34(3):184-190.
68. Burgess, S., M. Adams, et al. 2001. Tree roots: Conduits for deep recharge of soil water.
Oecologia 126(2):158-165.
69. Burgess, S. S. O., M. A. Adams, et al. 1998. The redistribution of soil water by tree root
systems. Oecologia 115(3):306-311.
70. Burns, R. and B. Honkala. 1990. Silvics of North America: Vol. 2 Hardwoods.
Washington, DC: USDA Forest Service.
71. Burton, A. J., G. P. Zogg, et al. 1997. Effect of measurement CO2 concentration on
sugar maple root respiration. Tree Physiology 17(7):421-427.
72. Cable, D. R. 1977.. Seasonal use of soil water by mature velvet mesquite. Journal of
Range Management 30(1):4-11.
73. Cai, Q. and J. Li. 2007. Suggestions on the Virescence Trees Duplicated Configuration
in Taiyuan Urban Area. Taiyuan Science & Technology 02.
74. Caravaca, F., T. Hernandez, et al. 2002. Improvement of rhizosphere aggregate stability
of afforested semiarid plant species subjected to mycorrhizal inoculation and compost
addition. Geoderma 108:133-144.
75. Carter, M. R. 2002. Soil quality for sustainable land management: organic matter and
aggregation interactins that maintain soil functions. Agronomy Journal 94(1):38-47.
76. Casabé N., L. Piola, et al. 2007. Ecotoxicological Assessment of the Effects of
Glyphosate and Chlorpyrifos in an Argentine Soya Field. Journal of Soils and
Sediments 7(4):232-239.
77. Celestian, S. and C. Martin. 2004. Rhizosphere, Surface, and Air Temperature Patterns
at Parking Lots in Phoenix, Arizona, U.S. Journal of Arboriculture 30(4):245-252.
78. Cermák, J., J. Hruska, et al. 2000. Urban tree root systems and their survival near houses
analyzed using ground penetrating radar and sap flow techniques. Plant and Soil 219(1-
2):103-116.
79. Chacalo, A., G. Watson, et al. 2000. Root growth of Quercus crassifolia, Q.
crassipes,and Fraxinus uhdei in 2 different soil types. Journal of Arboriculture
26(1):30-37.
80. Chan, K. Y. and D. P. Heenan. 1996. The influence of crop rotation on soil structure and
soil physical properties under conventional tillage. Soil and Tillage Research 37(2-
3):113-125.
81. Chan, K. Y. and D. P. Heenan. 1999. Microbial-induced soil aggregate stability under
different crop rotations. Biology and Fertility of Soils 30(1-2):29-32.
82. Cheeseman, J. 1988. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance in plants. Annual Review of Plant
Physiology 87:547-550.
83. Chenu, C. 1993. Clay- or sand-polysaccharide associations as models for the interface
between micro-organisms and soil: water related properties and microstructure.
Geoderma 56(1-4):143-156.
84. Cheyney, E. G. 1932. The roots of a jack pine tree. Journal of Forestry 30:929-932.
85. Clair, B., M. Fournier, et al. 2003. Biomechanics of buttressed trees: bending strains and
stresses. American Journal of Botany 90(9):1349-1356.
86. Clark, L. J. and P. B. Barraclough. 1999. Do dicotyledons generate greater maximum
axial root growth pressures than monocotyledons? Journal of Experimental Botany
50(336):1263-1266.
87. Clark, L. J., W. R. Whalley, et al. 2003. How do roots penetrate strong soil? Plant and
Soil 255(1):93-104.
88. Cleveland, B. and R. Kjelgren. 1994. Establishment of 6 Tree Species on Deep-Tilled
Minesoil During Reclamation. Forest Ecology and Management 68(2-3):273-280.
89. Cogliastro, A., D. Gagnon, et al. 1997. Experimental determination of soil
characteristics optimal for the growth of ten hardwoods planted on abandoned farmland.
Forest Ecology and Management 96(1-2):49-63.
90. Coile, T. S. 1937. Distribution of Forest Tree Roots in North Carolina Piedmont Soils.
Journal of Forestry 35(3):247-257.
91. Conant, R. T., R. A. Drijber, et al. 2008. Sensitivity of organic matter decomposition to
warming varies with its quality. Global Change Biology 14(4):868-877.
92. Cook, F. J. and J. H. Knight. 2003. Oxygen Transport to Plant Roots: Modeling for
Physical Understanding of Soil Aeration. Soil Science Society of America Journal
67(1):20-31.
93. Costello, L. R. and K. S., Jones. 2003. Reducing Infrastructure Damage by Tree Roots:
A Compendium of Strategies. Cohasset, CA: Western Chapter International Society of
Arboriculture.
94. Coughlan, A. P., Y. Dalpé, et al. 2000. Soil pH-induced changes in root colonization,
diversity, and reproduction of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from healthy and
declining maple forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30(10):1543-1554."
95. Cousins, J. R., D. Hope, et al. 2003. Preliminary assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungal diversity and community structure in an urban ecosystem. Mycorrhiza 13(6):319-
326.
96. Coutts, M. P. 1983. Development of the structural root system of Sitka spruce. Forestry
56(1):1-16.
97. Coutts, M. P. 1987. Developmental processes in tree root systems. Canadian Journal of
Forest Research 17(8):761-767.
98. Coutts, M. P. and B. C. Nicoll. 1991. Orientation of the lateral roots of trees I: Upward
growth of surface roots and deflection near the soil surface. New Phytologist
119(2):227-234.
99. Coutts, M. P., C. C. Nielsen, et al. 1999. The development of symmetry, rigidity, and
anchorage in the structural root system of conifers. Plant and Soil 217(1/2):1-15.
100. Coutts, M. P., C. Walker, et al. 1990. Effects of establishment method on root form of
lodgepole pine and Sitka spruce and on the production of adventitious roots. Forestry
63(2):143-159.
101. Craul, P. J. 1999. Urban Soils: Application and Practices. New York, NY: John Wiley
& Sons, Inc.
102. Cresswell, H. P. and J. A. Kirkegaard. 1995. Subsoil amelioration by plant roots: the
process and the evidence. Australian Journal of Soil Research 33:221-239.
103. Cripps, J. E. 1970. A seasonal pattern of apple root growth in Western Australia.
Journal of Horticultural Sciences 45:153-161.
104. Crook, M. J., A. R. Ennos, et al. 1997. The function of buttress roots: a comparative
study of the anchorage systems of buttressed (Aglaia and Nephelium ramboutan
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105. Crow, P. 2005. The influence of soils and species on tree root depth. Information Note.
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106. Cutler, D., P. Gasson, et al. 1990. The wind blown tree survey: Analysis of results.
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107. Czarnes, S., P. D. Hallett, et al. 2000. Root- and microbial-derived mucilages affect soil
structure and water transport. European Journal of Soil Science 51(3):435-443.
108. Daddow, R. L. and G. E. Warrington. 1983. Growth-limiting soil bulk densities as
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109. Dasgupta, S., B. P. Mohanty, et al. 2006. Impacts of juniper vegetation and karst
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110. Davis, E. A. and C. P. Pase. 1977. Root system of shrub live oak: implications for water
yield in Arizona chaparral. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 32:174-180.
111. Dawson, T. E. 1993. Hydraulic lift and water-use by plants- implications for water-
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112. Dawson, T. E. 1996. Determining water use by trees and forests from isotopic, energy
balance, and transpiration analyses: the roles of tree size and hydraulic lift. Tree
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113. Day, S., N. Bassuk, et al. 1995. Effects of four compaction remediation methods for
landscape trees and soil aeration, mechanical impedance, and tree establishment.
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114. Day, S. D. and N. L. Bassuk. 1994. A review of the effects of soil compaction and
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115. Day, S. D., S. B. Dickinson, et al. 2009. Urban Tree Root Systems. ISA Literature
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116. Day, S. D. and J. R. Harris. 2008. Growth, survival, and root system morphology of
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117. Day, S. D., J. R. SeileR, et al. 2001. Overlaying compacted or uncompacted
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118. Day, S. D., J. R. Seiler, et al. 2000. A comparison of root growth dynamics of silver
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119. Day, S. D., G. W. Watson, et al. 2009. Causes and consequences of deep structural roots
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120. de Santiago, A., I. Diaz, et al. 2008. Predicting the incidence of iron deficiency chlorosis
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121. Deans, J. D. 1979. Fluctuations of the soil environment and fine root gowth in a young
Sitka spruce plantation. Plant and Soil 52(2):195-208.
122. Deans, J. D. and E. D. Ford 1986. Seasonal patterns of radial root growth and starch
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123. DeBaets, S., D. Torri, et al. 2008. Modelling increased soil cohesion due to roots with
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124. Dell, B. and M. Wallace. 1983. Periodicity of fine root growth in Jarrah (Eucalyptus
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125. Devine, W. D. and C. A. Harrington. 2005. Root system morphology of Oregon white
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126. Dexter, A. R. 1987. Compression of soil around roots. Plant and Soil 97(3):401-406.
127. Dexter, A. R. and J. S. Hewitt. 1978. Deflection of plant roots. Journal of Agricultural
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128. Dexter, R. A. 1986. Model experiments on the behaviour of roots at the interface
between a tilled seed-bed and a compacted sub-soil. Plant and Soil 95:135-147.
129. Di Iorio, A., B. Lasserre, et al. 2005. Root system architecture of Quercus pubescens
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130. Dickinson, N. M., A. P. Turner, et al. 1991. How do trees and other long-lived plants
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131. Docker , B. B. and T. C. Hubble. 2008. Quantifying root-reinforcement of river bank
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132. Dong, J., W. H. Mao, et al. 2007. Root excretion and plant tolerance to cadmium
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133. Dong, S., L. Cheng, et al. 2003. Root damage affects nitrogen uptake and growth of
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134. Doran, J. W. 2002. Soil health and global sustainability: translating science into
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135. Doran, J. W. and M. R. Zeiss. 2000. Soil health and sustainability: managing the biotic
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136. Dorioz, J. M., M. Robert, et al. 1993. The role of roots, fungi, and bacteria on clay
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137. Draye, X., F. Lecompte, et al. 2005. Distribution of banana roots in time and space: new
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138. Drew, M. C., B. G. Cobb, et al. 1994. Metabolic acclimation of root tips to oxygen
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139. Drexhage, M., M. Chauviere, et al. 1999. Development of structural root architecture
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140. Dubik,S. P., D. T. Krizek, et al. 1989. Influence of Root Zone Restriction on
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144. Eavis, B. W. 1972. Soil physical conditions affecting seedling root growth I:
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145. Edwards, W. M., M. J. Shipitalo, et al. 1989. Water and nitrate movement in earthworm
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146. Ekbald, A. and A. Nordgren. 2002. Is growth of soil microorganisms in boreal forests
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147. Ellerbrock, M. J., Ann M. Regan. 2004. Toward Integrating Environmental and
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150. Fabregas i Bargallo, X. and A. March i Raurell. 2003. El sistema radical i l'anàlisi de la
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151. Fahey, T. J. and J. W. Hughes. 1994. Fine Root Dynamics in a Northern Hardwood
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152. Fakayode, S. O. and B. I. Olu-Owolabi. 2003. Heavy metal contamination of roadside
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