ronald kotkin, ph.d. clinical professor child development center university of california, irvine...
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Ronald Kotkin, Ph.D.
Clinical Professor
Child Development Center
University of California, Irvine
Department of Pediatrics
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Baseball Analogy of ADHD: Inattentive Subtype
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Baseball Analogy of ADHD: Hyperactivity/ Impulse Subtype
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Hyperactive/impulsive Behavior Occurs at a High Rate
• Problem behavior often draws attention in the form of reprimands or frequent prompts.
• This may cause a secondary gain increasing the frequency of the problem behavior.
• Need to attend to and reinforce alternative behavior through social modeling, differential reinforcement and a Daily Report Card.
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Inattentive Behavior • Behavior occurs at a very low rate.
• Does not draw attention from teachers.
• Needs frequent prompting and reinforcement to maintain effort and increase productivity.
• Need to attend to and reinforce alternative behavior through social modeling, differential reinforcement and a Daily Report Card.
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Increasing Positive Reinforcement for appropriate behavior
• Reinforce other students as model to the target child.
• Use the premack principle or gramma’s rule.
• Use group contingencies.
• Aerobic teaching.
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Daily Report Card
• No more than three or four behaviors
• Feedback Three times a day: Recess, Lunch Recess and before going home.
• Daily reinforcement for school behavior.
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Group Contingencies and Lotteries
• Popcorn Grab
• Thunderslam
• Good Sport Pizza
• Gumball Guess
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Popcorn Grab
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Thunder slam
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Take a shot
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I made a basket
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We earned a pepperoni
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Group contingencies
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Provide visual cues• Red sign
• Voice Meter
• Prompts for appropriate pivotal sentences
• Daily report card as a prompt
• Rules
• Time Timer
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Social Skills Training
• Target socially valid behaviors.
• Program for generalization
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Programming for Generalization
• Train social skills in the same setting
• Train with peers
• Reinforce the use of the social skill in the natural setting
• Use consistent language to quickly prompt social skill
• Post visual prompts
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IF YOU SEE OTHER THAN TWO DOLPHINS IT’S TIME FOR A BREAK