Rome & the Republic

Ms. Ramos

Roman State• Distrusted kings• 2 groups: patrician &

plebians• Republic–Consuls & praetor

• Senate–300 patricians: life, advisory

Ms. Ramos

• Most imp: Centuriate Assembly: elect consuls & praetors• Plebians want equality– council of plebs: Tribunes

• By 287 B.C. all males “equal”• One of most imp

contributions: system of law–Twelve Tables Ms. Ramos

Ms. Ramos

Twelve Tables• Written• Applied

to all

http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/12tables.html

Ms. Ramos

• If you are called to go to court, you must go. If you don’t show up, you can be taken to court by force.

• If you need a witness to testify and he will not show up, you can go once every three days and shout in front of his house.

• Should a tree on a neighbor's farm be bend crooked by the wind and lean over your farm, you may take legal action for removal of that tree.

• If it's your tree, it’s your fruit, even if it falls on another man’s land.

• A person who had been found guilty of giving false witness shall be hurled down from the Tarpeian Rock.

• No person shall hold meetings by night in the city.

• A dead man shall not be buried or burned within the city.

• Marriages should not take place between patricians and plebians Ms. Ramos

What American document promotes many of the same legal principles found in Roman

law?•US Bill of Rights

Ms. Ramos

Punic

Wars

http://wps.ablongman.com/long_kishlansky_cw_5/0,6472,268318-,00.html Ms. Ramos

Julius Cesar• Expands empire to Gaul• Forces Senate to make

him dictator• Reforms–Public works–Land to poor

• 44 B.C. stabbedhttp://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_05_104.gif

Ms. Ramos

Pax Romana 14 A.D.- 180 A.D.

• Era of Augustus/ Octavius• Trade grows• Develop admin procedures• Language, law, architecture,

engineering spreads throughout west• Birth & expansion of Christianity-

official religion

Ms. Ramos

http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_05_111.gif

Ms. Ramos

Ms. Ramos

Rise & Spread of Christianity

http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_06_134.gif

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• R views C as dangerous• Persecution–Nero blames C for fire in R• Forces C to be more organized

http://spad1.wordpress.com/2010/01/08/rome-burns-ad-64/

Ms. Ramos

Attraction of Christianity

1. More personal & offers external life and salvation

2.Gave sense of belonging to community

3.Appeal to every class: ALL could gain salvation

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• Constantine–1st C emperor–Edict of Milan: toleration of C

• Theodosius the Great–Adopts C as official religion

http://www.weblo.com/product_gallery/Life_of_Constantine_the_Great_37897/

http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/theodosius/a/TheodosiusI.htm

Ms. Ramos

• R & C shared values:–Virtue & devotion to one’s community and state•BUT re: C relationship w/God put above state…led to R persecution of C

Ms. Ramos

Middle Ages

• Catholicism state religion of most Europe

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Karl_1_mit_papst_gelasius_gregor1_sacramentar_v_karl_d_kahlen.jpg Ms. Ramos

• C emphasis on individual conscience and emphasis on state comes into conflict• Jesus taught toleration• C hope of converting

all to C led to use of force Crusades & view those not C were a threat

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades

Ms. Ramos

What led to an increase in

Christianity?• Adoption & support of the

people for C, Edict of Milan, and government support

Ms. Ramos