rome: christianity, achievements, and decline. sol standards essential questions how did...
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ROME:Christianity, Achievements, and Decline
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SOL Standards Essential Questions
• How did Christianity become established within the Roman empire?
• What were the essential beliefs of the early Christian faith?
• How and why did Christianity spread?
• What was the impact of the early Church in the late Roman Empire?
• How did Roman achievements influence Western civilization?
• Why did the Western Roman Empire decline?
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Origins of Christianity• Had its roots in Judaism
• Was lead by Jesus of Nazareth who was proclaimed the Messiah
• Messiah: savior
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Beliefs of Christianity• Monotheism: belief in
one God
• Jesus is both the Son and incarnation (human form) of God
• Life after death
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The New Testament
• Contains accounts of the life and the teachings of Jesus as well as the writings of early Christians
of The Bible
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Spread of Christianity• Carried by the Apostles, including
Paul, throughout the Empire
PaulThe Apostles
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Persecution• Early Christians were persecuted by the Romans
for refusing to worship the Roman Gods
• Martyr: Someone who dies for their beliefs
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Church CouncilsChristian doctrine was established by early
church councils
Doctrine: beliefs
The First Council of Nicaea
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Emperor Constantine• Adopted and
legalized Christianity
• 1st Roman Emperor to do so
• Later Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire
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Impact of the Church in the Late Roman Empire
• As the Roman Empire declined in the West, the church in Rome grew in importance, membership, and influence.
• The church became an example of moral authority
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Church in Western Europe• Loyalty to the
church became more important than loyalty to the Emperor.
• The church became the main unifying force in Western Europe.
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Diaspora• Scattering of the Jews
•Jews were exiled from Israel by the Romans in AD 132. They migrated to places all around the
Mediterranean Sea
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Decline of the Roman Empire
• Moral decay
• Army discipline
• Division of empire
• Political problems
• Invasions
• Economic problems
• MAD PIE
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Barbarian Invaders
• Germanic tribes repeatedly attacked along the northern borders.
Barbarians: Non-Romans
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Army Membership• To defend against
increasing threats, Rome hired mercenaries (foreign soldiers who fought for money).
• Military started to include invaders
• Discipline and loyalty collapsed.
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Division of the Empire• Rome was divided into Eastern and Western
portions• Constantine moved the capital from Rome to
Byzantium (He also ended persecution of Christians)
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Invasions • From 376 to 476 Germanic and Mongol invaders poured into the Western portion of
the Roman Empire.
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Economic Problems• The high cost of defending
its borders caused the Empire to raise taxes and mint coins with less silver.
• With Roman money worth less(devaluation), prices rose (inflation).
• Small farmers abandoned their lands causing food shortages.
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Political Problems• Civil conflict: politician-
generals fought each other for power
• Weak leadership: Emperors were unable to handle problems faced by the empire. They were often brutal and incompetent. Many were murdered.
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Moral Decay• Conditions in the later centuries made Romans
lose their patriotism.
• The people lost faith in Rome and the family
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Western Empire Falls• The Western Roman Empire ceased to exist in 476 AD when Germanic
invaders overthrew the last Roman Emperor.
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Byzantine Empire• The Eastern Roman Empire survived and later became known as the Byzantine Empire
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Roman AchievementsRoads
• Connected Rome to all parts of the Empire
• Were built to last (some are still in use today)
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Arches and Aqueducts• Arches were used as memorials in addition to
supporting buildings, bridges, and aqueducts
• Aqueducts were designed to bring water from the mountains to the cities.
Victory Arch Aqueduct
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The Forum
• Means open space or marketplace
• The political and economic heart of Rome.
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Pantheon• Domed temple dedicated to the Roman gods• Similar to Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello
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Roman Coliseum• Stadium which held 50,000
• Mock battles, gladiator contests, and other bloody spectacles were seen here
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Roman Baths• Romans swam, exercised, gambled, gossiped,
and played games in addition to bathing.• Both rich and poor could afford to go often.
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Public Health• Piped water for drinking and bathing
• Sewage systems to remove human waste
• Medical Schools
Galen
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The Aeneid
• Written in praise of Rome and Roman virtues
• Modeled after the Greek Epics of Homer
By Virgil
Virgil Reading The Aeneid to Augustus
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Ptolemy• Created the first world Atlas
with longitude and latitude.• Designed an Earth-centered,
(wrong) model of the universe that was held as truth for 1400 years.
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Latin and the Romance languages
• Latin: The language of Rome, the Roman Catholic Church, and learning in Western Europe.
• Romance languages: Languages derived from Latin: Italian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese.
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Reflection
• The Christian religion was spread throughout the Roman Empire byA. Abraham.B. Paul.C. Muhammad.D. Caesar.
• Constantine relocated the capital of Rome to Constantinople. The previous name of this city wasA. Carthage.B. Gaul.C. Nazareth.D. Byzantium.