romanticism
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Jacques-Louis David
The Coronation of Napoleon
1805-1808oil on canvas20 ft. 4 1/2 in. x 32 ft. 1 3/4 in.
Antoine-Jean Gros
Napoleon at the Pesthouse at Jaffa
1804oil on canvas17 ft. 5 in. x 23 ft. 7 in.
Anne-Louis Trioson
The Burial of Atala
1808oil on canvas6 ft. 11 in. x 8 ft. 9 in.
Romanticism, Realism & Photography
THEME: Features of Romanticism“Man is born free, but is everywhere in chains!” - Rousseau
P.I.N.E.
Past – Longing for the medieval past, pre-industrial Europe (Gothic architecture will be revived)
Irrational/ Inner mind / Insanity – Romantic artists depict the human psyche and topics that transcend the use of reason. One Romantic artist, Gericault, chose to do portraits of people in insane asylums
Nature – longing for the purity of nature, which defies human rationality
Emotion/ Exotic – Romantics favored emotion and passion over reason. Exotic themes and locales were also popular because they did not adhere to European emphasis on rationality
Imagination, not reason, FEELING, not thinking = FREEDOM
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
Grande Odalisque
1814oil on canvas2 ft. 11 in. x 5 ft. 4 in.
Henry Fuseli
The Nightmare
1781oil on canvas3 ft. 4 in. x 4 ft. 2 in.
Interest in “all the imagery that emerges from the chamber of horrors when reason sleeps”
The Roots of Romanticism
William Blake
Ancient of Daysfrontispiece of Europe: A Prophecy
1794metal relief etching, hand colored9 1/2 x 6 3/4 in.
The Roots of Romanticism
Francisco Goya
The Sleep of Reason Produces Monstersfrom Los Caprichos
ca. 1798etching and aquatint8 1/2 x 6 in.
Francisco Goya
Family of Charles IV
1800oil on canvas9 ft. 2 in. x 11 ft.
Francisco Goya
The Third of May, 1808
1814oil on canvas8 ft. 8 in. x 11 ft. 3 in.
Francisco Goya y Lucientes
The Maja Clothed
c. 1800 oil on canvas37 3/8 x 74 in.
Francisco Goya y Lucientes
The Maja Nude
c. 1800 oil on canvas38 5/8 x 75 1/4 in.
Francisco Goya
Saturn Devouring His Children
1819-1823fresco on canvas4 ft. 9 in. x 2 ft. 8 in.
Goya’s “Black Paintings”
Théodore Géricault
Raft of the Medusa
1818-1819oil on canvas16 x 23 ft.
Théodore Géricault
Insane Woman (Envy)
1822-1823oil on canvas2 ft/ 4 in. x 1 ft. 9 in.
Eugène Delacroix
Death of Sardanapalus
1826oil on canvas12 ft. 1 in. x 16 ft. 3 in.
Eugène Delacroix
Liberty Leading the People
1830oil on canvas8 ft. 6 in. x 10 ft. 8 in.
Eugène Delacroix, Paganini, 1831oil on cardboard on wood panel17 5/8 x 11 7/8 in.
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Paganini, 1819pencil drawing1 ft. x 8 1/2 in.
Eugène Delacroix
Tiger Hunt
1854oil on canvas2 ft. 5 in. x 3 ft.
The power of COLOR
François Rude
La Marseillaise
Arc de Triomphe, Paris, France
1833-183642 x 26 ft.
Caspar David Friedrich
Abbey in the Oak Forest
1810oil on canvas3 ft. 7 1/2 in. x 5 ft. 7 1/4 in.
“The artist should not only paint what he sees before him, but also what he sees within him. If he does not see anything within him, he should give up painting what he sees before him.” - Friedrich
Caspar David Friedrich
The Polar Sea (Sea of Ice)
1823-1825oil on canvas96.7 x 126.9 cm
Caspar David Friedrich
Monk by the Sea
1809-10oil on canvas
John Constable, The Haywain
1821oil on canvas4 ft. 3 in. x 6 ft. 2 in.
Nature as allegory
Joseph Mallord William Turner
The Slave Ship
1840oil on canvas2 ft. 11 11/16 in. x 4 ft. 5/16 in.`
Joseph Mallord William Turner
Rain, Steam and Speed
1844oil on canvas3 ft. 11 3/4 in. x 4 ft.
Thomas Cole
The Oxbow
1836oil on canvas4 ft. 3 1/2 in. x 6 ft. 4 in.
Albert Bierstadt
Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California
1868oil on canvas6 ft. x 10 ft.
Frederic Edwin Church
Twilight in the Wilderness
1860soil on canvas3 ft. 4 in. x 5 ft. 4 in.
Romantic Architecture •IRON
• Iron framework with Gothic or Romanesque skin• Progressive artists exposed iron + glass
•REVIVAL of the past•Middle ages – a time when religion was more devout and sincere•Modern living corrupted Industrial Revolution •Not just Medieval revival but also Egyptian, Islamic, Baroque… anything old!
Charles Barry & A.W.N. Pugin
Houses of Parlaiment
London, England
designed 1835
“All Grecian, Sir. Tudor details on a classical body” - Pugin
“Neo-Gothic”
John Nash
Royal Pavilion
Brighton, England
1815-1818
“Indian Gothic”
J.L. Charles Garnier
The Opéra
Paris, France
1861-1874Neo-Baroque Reflects the wealthy
Henri Labrouste
Reading room of the Bibliothèque Saint-Geneviève
Paris, France
1843-1850First exposed use of iron in monumental building
Joseph Paxton
Crystal Palace
London, England
1850-1851
Early Photographyhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAFRjxGqBas
Louis Daguerre (1787-1851)Father of Photography
•First Daguerreotype in 1837, shown in an Academy in 1839•French gov’t bought the rights in 1839•One single image on a polished silver-plated copper sheet (no negative no copies)•Took 10-20 minutes for each photo (SIT STILL!!)•Chemicals and wider apertures helped lessen the
time•Science vs. Art
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre
Still Life in Studio
1837Daguerreotype
Josiah Johnson Hawes and Albert Sands Southworth
Early Operation under Ether, Massachusetts General Hospital
ca. 1847Daguerreotype
Nadar (Gaspard-Félix Tournachon)
Eugène Delacroix
1855gelatin-silver print
Nadar (Gaspard-Félix Tournachon)
Sarah Barnhardt
1865gelatin-silver print
Julia Margaret Cameron
Ophelia, Study no. 2
1867albumen print1 ft. 1 in. x 10 2/3 in.
Timothy O’Sullivan
A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1863
1863gelatin-silver print