JeremiahErikaAustinPatrick

ROMANTIC POETRY

A “revolt” against the established order of precise rules, laws, dogmas, and formulas that heavily characterized Classicism as well as Neoclassicism.

As an international artistic and philosophical movement, it redefined the ways in which people in Western cultures thought about themselves and their world.

It countered the belief that logic and reason could solve l i fe’s problems, which were popular ideas from the scientific and technological advances of the Enlightenment and Rationalism.

Embraced freedom and revolution in their art and polit ics as well as emphasized the qualit ies of the human personal ity, its moods and mental potential it ies.

THE ROMANTIC MOVEMENT

ROUGHLY AROUND THE 1790S TO 1830S

Although it’s named the “Romantic” movement, the work of this period has very little to do with romance, although love is a recurring topic of some works.

The poems of this period highlighted meter or verse that expressed emotions as well as using: metaphors similes imagery repetition rhyme onomatopoeia

Common thematic elements included: individualism idealism the natural world physical and emotional passion the supernatural

ROMANTIC POETRY

allusion: a reference in a work of l i terature to something outside the work, especial ly to a wel l -known historical or l i terary event, person, or work

apostrophe:  a figure of speech in which someone (usual ly, but not always absent) , some abstract qual i ty, or a nonexistent personage is di rectly addressed as though present

couplet: a two- l ine stanza, usual ly with end-rhymes the same diction:   the use of words in a l i terary work imagery:   the images of a l i terary work; the sensory detai ls of a work; the

figurat ive language of a work lyric poem:  any short poem that presents a s ingle speaker who expresses

thoughts and feel ings.   Love lyr ics are common, but lyr ic poems have also been written on subjects as different as rel ig ion and reading.   

metaphor: a figurat ive use of language in which a comparison is expressed without the use of a comparative term l ike “as,” “ l ike,” or “than”

onomatopoeia : the use of words whose sound suggests their meaning personification : a k ind of  metaphor   that gives inanimate objects or

abstract ideas human characterist ics repetition : the repeating of a certain word or phrase; usual ly to provide

emphasis tone: the manner in which an author expresses his or her att i tude; the

intonation of the voice that expresses meaning

POETIC ELEMENTS

Born May 31 , 1819 in the town o f West H i l l s , New York

Cons ide red to be a human is t who ’ s works fur thered the t ranscendenta l i s t movement

Had 8 o the r s ib l ings and grew up in a f ami l y o f modest means and l i ved on a f a rm but by the age o f th ree , they moved to B rook lyn

Pu l l ed ou t o f schoo l a t 11 to he lp suppor t h i s f ami l y and by 17 became a teache r f o r fiv e years

Worked in the fie ld o f j ou rna l i sm fo r newspape rs in New York and New Or leans

Vo luntee red in hosp i ta l s and in the med ica l fie ld dur ing the C iv i l War a f te r h i s bro the r was in jured

Afte r the war , he se t t led down in Camden, New Je r sey to take ca re o f h i s f am i ly

POETRY He i s o f ten re fe rred to as the “fa ther o f f ree

ver se” His poe t ry used many unusua l symbo l s and

images ; poet ic d ic t i on l i ke reg iona l d ia lec ts ; emphas i zed the ind iv idua l and pra i sed the human body

Pre fe r red wr i t ing about open p laces , j ou rneys , c i t i es , e t c . t o b lur the l i ne be tween the ind iv idua l and the wor ld , pub l i c and pr i vate

His paren t ’ s p ro found l ove f o r Amer ica (named ch i l d ren a fte r Amer i can heroes ) i nfluenced Wh i tman’ s Amer ican p r ide in h i s poe t ry /work

WALT WHITMAN

1819-1892

miraclesby whitman

WHY, WHO MAKES MUCH OF A MIRACLE?AS TO ME I KNOW OF NOTHING ELSE BUT MIRACLES, WHETHER I WALK THE STREETS OF MANHATTAN, OR DART MY S IGHT OVER THE ROOFS OF HOUSES TOWARD THE SKY, OR WADE WITH NAKED FEET ALONG THE BEACH JUST IN THE EDGE OF     THE WATER, OR STAND UNDER TREES IN THE WOODS, OR TALK BY DAY WITH ANY ONE I LOVE, OR SLEEP IN THE BED AT N IGHT     W ITH ANY ONE I LOVE, OR S IT AT TABLE AT D INNER WITH THE REST, OR LOOK AT STRANGERS OPPOSITE ME R ID ING IN THE CAR, OR WATCH HONEY-BEES BUSY AROUND THE H IVE OF A SUMMER     FORENOON, OR ANIMALS FEEDING IN THE F IELDS, OR BIRDS, OR THE WONDERFULNESS OF INSECTS IN THE A IR , OR THE WONDERFULNESS OF THE SUNDOWN, OR OF STARS SHIN ING SO     QUIET AND BRIGHT, OR THE EXQUISITE DEL ICATE THIN CURVE OF THE NEW MOON IN SPR ING; THESE WITH THE REST, ONE AND ALL , ARE TO ME MIRACLES, THE WHOLE REFERRING, YET EACH DIST INCT AND IN ITS PL ACE.

 TO ME EVERY HOUR OF THE L IGHT AND DARK IS A MIRACLE ,EVERY CUBIC INCH OF SPACE IS A MIRACLE ,EVERY SQUARE YARD OF THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH IS SPREAD WITH     THE SAME,EVERY FOOT OF THE INTERIOR SWARMS WITH THE SAME. TO ME THE SEA IS A CONTINUAL MIRACLE ,THE F ISHES THAT SWIM—THE ROCKS—THE MOTION OF THE WAVES—     THE SHIPS WITH MEN IN THEM,WHAT STRANGER MIRACLES ARE THERE?

Notable works• Leaves of

Grass• Drum-Taps• When Lilacs

Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d

• Song of the Open Road

• Crossing Brooklyn Ferry

• When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer

• O Captain! My Captain!

Born on December 10, 1830, in Amherst, Massachusetts

parents raised her to become a tradit ional Christ ian woman who would one day be responsible for a family of her own

l ived most of her l i fe in isolat ion never married but she did have

relationships with several fr iends, confidantes, and mentors

family name was known her father Edward Dickinson

served as a lawyer her work was never publ ished

during l i fet ime, except for two after her death on May 15, 1886,

her sister publ ished her poetry reputat ion changed, making her

one of l i terature’s most well-known poets

EMILY DICKINSON

1830-1886

“why do i love" you, sir?by dickinson

"WHY DO I LOVE" YOU, S IR?BECAUSE—THE WIND DOES NOT REQUIRE THE GRASSTO ANSWER—WHEREFORE WHEN HE PASSSHE CANNOT KEEP HER PL ACE.

BECAUSE HE KNOWS—ANDDO NOT YOU—AND WE KNOW NOT—ENOUGH FOR USTHE WISDOM IT BE SO—

THE L IGHTNING—NEVER ASKED AN EYEWHEREFORE IT SHUT—WHEN HE WAS BY—BECAUSE HE KNOWS IT CANNOT SPEAK—AND REASONS NOT CONTAINED——OF TALK—THERE BE—PREFERRED BY DAINTIER FOLK—

THE SUNRISE—SIRE—COMPELLETH ME—BECAUSE HE'S SUNRISE—AND I SEE—THEREFORE—THEN—I LOVE THEE— 

Notable works• Much

Madness • Hope is the

Thing with Feathers

• Because I Could Not Stop for Death

Born in Laleham, England Studied and graduated from

Ball iol College and worked as a government school inspector al lowing to travel al l over England developing an interest of education and poetry

After gaining a reputation as a poet he was offered a position as Professor of Poetry at Oxford where he began writing his most famous works

He was considered as one of the “Big Three” Victorian poets of his t ime

Many historians see Arnold as the bridge between Romanticism and Modernism, but wasn’t recognized in his time

MATTHEW ARNOLD

1822-1888

dover beachby arnold

THE SEA IS CALM TONIGHT,  THE T IDE IS FULL, THE MOON L IES FAIR  UPON THE STRAITS; ON THE FRENCH COAST THE L IGHT GLEAMS AND IS GONE; THE CL IFFS OF ENGL AND STAND,  GL IMMERING AND VAST, OUT IN THE TRANQUIL BAY.  COME TO THE WINDOW, SWEET IS THE NIGHT A IR!ONLY , FROM THE LONG L INE OF SPRAY WHERE THE SEA MEETS THE MOON-BL ANCHED L AND,  L ISTEN! YOU HEAR THE GRAT ING ROAR OF PEBBLES WHICH THE WAVES DRAW BACK, AND FL ING,  AT THE IR RETURN, UP THE H IGH STRAND,  BEGIN, AND CEASE, AND THEN AGAIN BEGIN ,  WITH TREMULOUS CADENCE SLOW, AND BRING THE ETERNAL NOTE OF SADNESS IN .SOPHOCLES LONG AGO HEARD IT ON THE AGEAN, AND IT BROUGHT INTO H IS MIND THE TURBID EBB AND FLOW OF HUMAN MISERY; WE F IND ALSO IN THE SOUND A THOUGHT,  HEARING IT BY THIS D ISTANT NORTHERN SEA.THE SEA OF FA ITH WAS ONCE, TOO, AT THE FULL, AND ROUND EARTH'S SHORE LAY L IKE THE FOLDS OF A BR IGHT G IRDLE FURLED.  BUT NOW I ONLY HEAR ITS MEL ANCHOLY, LONG, WITHDRAWING ROAR,  RETREATING, TO THE BREATH OF THE N IGHT WIND, DOWN THE VAST EDGES DREAR AND NAKED SHINGLES OF THE WORLD.AH, LOVE, LET US BE TRUE TO ONE ANOTHER! FOR THE WORLD, WHICH SEEMS TO L IE BEFORE US L IKE A L AND OF DREAMS,  SO VARIOUS, SO BEAUTIFUL, SO NEW,  HATH REALLY NEITHER JOY, NOR LOVE, NOR L IGHT,  NOR CERT ITUDE, NOR PEACE, NOR HELP FOR PA IN ;  AND WE ARE HERE AS ON A DARKLING PLA IN  SWEPT WITH CONFUSED ALARMS OF STRUGGLE AND FL IGHT,  WHERE IGNORANT ARMIES CLASH BY N IGHT.

Notable works• Dover Beach• The

Forsaken Merman

• To a Friend- Published

• The Scholar Gipsy

• The Buried Life

• Shakespeare• To

Marguerite

Born in London, son of a guards officer, Captain John Byron which later left him and his mother Catherine Gordon, lived in considerable poverty

One of the most important figures of the romantic movement, his works, active life, and physical beauty became to be considered the personification of the romantic poet.

GEORGE GORDON BYRON

1788-1824

she walks in beautyby byron

SHE WALKS IN BEAUTY, L IKE THE N IGHT OF CLOUDLESS CL IMES AND STARRY SKIES; AND ALL THAT 'S BEST OF DARK AND BRIGHT MEET IN HER ASPECT AND HER EYES: THUS MELLOW'D TO THAT TENDER L IGHT WHICH HEAVEN TO GAUDY DAY DENIES. ONE SHADE THE MORE, ONE RAY THE LESS, HAD HALF IMPA IR 'D THE NAMELESS GRACE WHICH WAVES IN EVERY RAVEN TRESS, OR SOFTLY L IGHTENS O'ER HER FACE; WHERE THOUGHTS SERENELY SWEET EXPRESS HOW PURE, HOW DEAR THEIR DWELLING-PL ACE. AND ON THAT CHEEK, AND O'ER THAT BROW, SO SOFT, SO CALM, YET ELOQUENT, THE SMILES THAT WIN, THE T INTS THAT GLOW, BUT TELL OF DAYS IN GOODNESS SPENT,A MIND AT PEACE WITH ALL BELOW, A HEART WHOSE LOVE IS INNOCENT!

Notable works• A Spirit

passed Before me

• She Walks in Beauty

• Darkness• Solitude

Prompt 1: In the poem “Dover Beach” by Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) the poet depicts his view towards religion during his time period. Carefully read the poem and create an essay analyzing the poetic devices Arnold uses to express his attitude towards people’s faith toward religion.

Prompt 2: Read the following poem entitled “Miracles” by Walt Whitman (1819-1892). In an essay, explain the Romantic elements of repetition and diction and the connection they make with the themes of the time.

AP PROMPTS

WRITE YOUR OWN POEM DRAWING ON ROMANTIC ELEMENTS.

QUIZ

WHEN DID ROMANTICISM

APPEAR?a. in the High Middle Agesb. in the beginning of the 20th centuryc. around the middle-late of the 18th centuryd. during the late 19th centurye. during the early 20th century

QUIZ

WHEN DID ROMANTICISM

APPEAR?a. in the High Middle Agesb. in the beginning of the 20th centuryc. around the middle-late of the 18th centuryd. during the late 19th centurye. during the early 20th century

QUIZ

WHY DID ROMANTICISM

APPEAR?a. as an opposition to the Russian Revolutionb. because the technological contributionc. as a result of the publication of the Theory of Evolutiond. as a revolt against the rationalism of the Enlightenment periode. because it wanted to

QUIZ

WHY DID ROMANTICISM

APPEAR?a. as an opposition to the Russian Revolutionb. because the technological contributionc. as a result of the publication of the Theory of Evolutiond. as a revolt against the rationalism of the Enlightenment periode. because it wanted to

QUIZ

WHAT IS THE UNDERLYING THEME

FOR ALL ROMANTICS?a. ideas of the imagination is equal to or better

than the ideas of scienceb. the portrayal of life through minute details and realistic imagesc. focus on the love and hate aspect of human natured. emphasis on mental and physical growth through consumptione. none of the above

QUIZ

WHAT IS THE UNDERLYING THEME

FOR ALL ROMANTICS?a. ideas of the imagination is equal to or better

than the ideas of scienceb. the portrayal of life through minute details and realistic imagesc. focus on the love and hate aspect of human natured. emphasis on mental and physical growth through consumptione. none of the above

QUIZ

WHERE DO ROMANTICS FIND INSPIRATION FOR

THEIR WORK?a. Natureb. Emotionsc. Religiond. both a and be. all of the above

QUIZ

WHERE DO ROMANTICS FIND INSPIRATION FOR

THEIR WORK?a. Natureb. Emotionsc. Religiond. both a and be. all of the above

QUIZ

a. It is subjective, emotionally intense, and dreamlikeb. It is extremely detailed and complex techniques are employedc. It is eccentric and stimulates the sensesd. it is meant to be enjoyed by the aristocracye. all of the above

HOW CAN ONE DESCRIBE ROMANTIC

ART?

QUIZ

HOW CAN ONE DESCRIBE ROMANTIC

ART?a. It is subjective, emotionally intense, and dreamlikeb. It is extremely detailed and complex techniques are employedc. It is eccentric and stimulates the sensesd. it is meant to be enjoyed by the aristocracye. all of the above

QUIZ

WHAT HUMAN ABILITY IS NOT

PRIMARY ACCORDING TO THE ROMANTICS?a. Intuition b. Feeling c. Deductive reason d. Imaginatione. none of the above

QUIZ

WHAT HUMAN ABILITY IS NOT

PRIMARY ACCORDING TO THE ROMANTICS?a. Intuition b. Feeling c. Deductive reason d. Imaginatione. none of the above

QUIZ

HOW DID LEADING ROMANTICS VIEW

LOCAL TRADITIONS?a. as something to be eliminated because they violated the integrity of the individualb. as something to be eliminated because they were largely based on mysticism rather than reasonc. as something to be embraced because they represented the idyllic pastd. as something to be embraced because one's place in the greater society is the source of individual identitye. none of the above

QUIZ

HOW DID LEADING ROMANTICS VIEW

LOCAL TRADITIONS?a. as something to be eliminated because they violated the integrity of the individualb. as something to be eliminated because they were largely based on mysticism rather than reasonc. as something to be embraced because they represented the idyllic pastd. as something to be embraced because one's place in the greater society is the source of individual identitye. none of the above

QUIZ

WHICH DID THE ROMANTICS MOSTLY REVOLT AGAINST IN

GENERAL?a. Bohemianismb. Nationalismc. Classicismd. Expressionisme. none of the above

QUIZ

WHICH DID THE ROMANTICS MOSTLY REVOLT AGAINST IN

GENERAL?a. Bohemianismb. Nationalismc. Classicismd. Expressionisme. none of the above

QUIZ

WHAT DID ROMANTICS

GENERALLY USE TO CONVEY EMOTION?a. imagery and word association 

b. allusion and blank versec. consonance and alliterationd. hyperbole and ironye. none of the above

QUIZ

WHAT DID ROMANTICS

GENERALLY USE TO CONVEY EMOTION?a. imagery and word association 

b. allusion and blank versec. consonance and alliterationd. hyperbole and ironye. none of the above

QUIZ

IN WHAT AREAS DID THE ROMANTIC

MOVEMENT OCCUR?a. industry, science, politics, and religionb. literature, art, music, dance, and theaterc. language, books, and politicsd. medicine, industry, and religione. none of the above

QUIZ

IN WHAT AREAS DID THE ROMANTIC

MOVEMENT OCCUR?a. industry, science, politics, and religionb. literature, art, music, dance, and theaterc. language, books, and politicsd. medicine, industry, and religione. none of the above

http://allpoetry.com/Emily_Dickinsonhttp://

www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Emily_Dickinson.aspxhttp://www.sparknotes.com/poetry/whitman/

themes.htmlhttp://www.biography.com/people/walt-whitman-

9530126?page=1

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