Roman FoodsBy Myles Caldwell

Daily Meals

•

Jentaculum- bread and fruit

dawn

small lunch- meat, salad, dairy products

11:00 am

Cena- salad, meat,veggies, tarts,

fruit, nuts

afternnoon

2:00pm to night

Cena

•Main meal

•2:00 pm-night

•followed by comissatio (drinks)

Cena consisted of . . .

•puls- emmer, water, salt, and fat

•2-3 courses

•gustatio

•primae mensae

•secundae mensae

Gustatio (starter course)

•drink-mulsum

•light dishes

•salad and veggies (mushrooms, and the leaves of shrubs and weeds)

Main Course (primae mensae)

• decorative first dish

• main dish of meat

• pork-uterus, breasts, ears

• beef not popular

• geese- force fed liver

• trojan pig- stuffed with sausages and fruit

• hares- expensive delicacy

• rabbit fetuses (laurices)

• fish expensive- goatfish popular, die slowly on dinner table

Condiments

•spices- pepper, silphium extinct

•garum- sauce for everything,

•made with decomposed fish protein

•smelled bad

Secundae Mensae

•fruits-grapes

•variety of nuts and other fruits

•bread and tarts

•cold clams and oysters (starters)

Alcoholic Drinks•wine had high alcohol content

•flavored

•passum-raisin wine

•mulsum-honey wine

•conditum-honey spice wine

•beer-vulgar

•posca-sour watered herb wine

Peasants vs. Wealthy

•Wealthy- imported exotic food, expensive flavored wine

•Peasants- local wild food, posca

Entertainment at the table

•conversation

•musician

•acrobats

•poets

•dancers

•guests wouldn’t dance

Poet Horace

Traditions at the table

• offering of meat, cake, wine to Lares(spirit of house) after main course

•mostly ate standing/seated, lay down to eat on special occasions

• dinner on triclinium

• food was eaten with fingers and cochlear and ligula

How food was made...

•baked in wood burning stoves

•mills run by donkeys or men

Where was Roman food bought?

•Forums- markets

•meat

•veggies

•oil

Preserved from Rome

•recipes preserved

•food not preserved

Roman diet vs. Italian/American diet

• Romans mostly drank wine

• Romans ate food with fingers and cochlea/ligula

• Americans/Italians eat food with forks, spoons, knives, and occasionally hands

• Americans/Italians have large selection of beverages

• Romans had longer dinners

• Americans/Italians have shorter dinners

Bibliography• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine

• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/roman-recipes.html

• http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/pompeii_art_galler_04.shtml

• http://www.roman-empire-map.askricktoday.com/roman-food.html

• http://www.google.com/imgres?q=Roman+wine&um=1&hl=en&safe=off&client=safari&sa=X&rls=en&biw=739&bih=960&tbs=isz:l&tbm=isch&tbnid=X4dcBhAD0C7CrM:&imgrefurl=http://humanitieslab.stanford.edu/ceramics/425&docid=FMVpwqFCrVRwEM&imgurl=http://humanitieslab.stanford.edu/ceramics/admin/image.html%253Fimageid%253D548400&w=1440&h=2160&ei=iaK0TunwFoLo0QH01LnRBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=116&vpy=200&dur=1209&hovh=275&hovw=183&tx=76&ty=206&sig=113690160020407898475&page=1&tbnh=176&tbnw=134&start=0&ndsp=16&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0

• http://tarradaleblog.edublogs.org/files/2011/03/942Porridge_001-1tggvko.jpg

• http://sp.life123.com/bm.pix/pig1.s600x600.jpg

• http://www.dilsedesi.org/forums/uploads/monthly_03_2011/post-34946-0-15459000-1301206886.jpg

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zaragoza_-_Museo_-_Triclinio_de_la_calle_Añón_02.jpg

• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Triclinium_-_Archäologische_Staatssammlung_München.JPG

• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Villa_Rustica_Ahrweiler_Küche_der_Mansio.jpg/220px-Villa_Rustica_Ahrweiler_Küche_der_Mansio.jpg

• http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2420/2198252062_068a29e080.jpg

• http://allencentre.wikispaces.com/file/view/bakery_flour_mills.jpg/219779830/bakery_flour_mills.jpg

• http://www.historyonthenet.com/Romans/food.htm

• http://www.mariamilani.com/ancient_rome/ancient_rome_shopping.htm

• http://ancient-rome.tripod.com/romanforum/forum.jpg

• http://www.stripedmaple.com/france/images/amphoralis.gif

• http://www.artgeek.net/images/work/coke1.jpg

• http://new.scriptoriumdaily.com/disjectamembra/wp-content/photos/img_horace.jpg

• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Vinum_tokajense_passum.jpg

• http://www.google.com/imgres?q=grapes&um=1&hl=en&safe=off&client=safari&sa=X&rls=en&biw=1024&bih=982&tbs=isz:l&tbm=isch&tbnid=XPUbVIdWAWHAlM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Table_grapes_on_white.jpg&docid=sk7hftDfjjQM2M&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Table_grapes_on_white.jpg&w=1600&h=1067&ei=g5y1TobZJ6rk0QGI15XSBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=252&vpy=216&dur=20&hovh=183&hovw=275&tx=149&ty=99&sig=113690160020407898475&page=1&tbnh=117&tbnw=158&start=0&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0

• http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/robynmac/robynmac0808/robynmac080800078/3466223-small-custard-and-glazed-fruit-tarts-isolated-on-white.jpg

• http://www.google.com/imgres?q=garum+sauce&num=10&um=1&hl=en&safe=off&client=safari&rls=en&biw=1024&bih=982&tbm=isch&tbnid=oRaOenYOMVxpPM:&imgrefurl=http://www.pompeii-food-and-drink.org/garum.htm&docid=drrS7HBKN2bieM&imgurl=http://www.pompeii-food-and-drink.org/images/amphora-in-garum-shop.jpg&w=225&h=300&ei=MJ21TsuODOHa0QHm19mqBA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=492&vpy=305&dur=1034&hovh=240&hovw=180&tx=77&ty=128&sig=113690160020407898475&sqi=2&page=1&tbnh=165&tbnw=136&start=0&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:7,s:0

• http://www.coquinaria.nl/images/garumflesjekl.JPG

• http://www.cksinfo.com/clipart/food/salads/side-salad.png

• http://www.lascanastas.com/boletin08/romanos.jpg