roman expansion
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Survival or Greed? 493 – 133 BC. Roman Expansion. The Struggle of the Orders 494 – 287 BCE. Early Roman society consisted of two classes: Patricians and Plebeians… 494 BCE – Office of the Tribune created 460 BCE – Voting: residence replaced wealth - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Roman Expansion
Survival or Greed? 493 – 133 BC
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The Struggle of the Orders 494 – 287 BCE
Early Roman society consisted of two classes: Patricians and Plebeians…
• 494 BCE – Office of the Tribune created• 460 BCE – Voting: residence replaced wealth• 450 BCE – Twelve Tables• 445 BCE – Lex Canuleia-marriage• 367 BCE – Licinian-Sextian Rogation-consuls• 287 BCE – Lex Hortensia- Plebeian Council
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Roman Expansion
• 493 BCE – Battle of Lake Regillus/Latin League• 396 BCE – Battle of Veii/Etruscans• 390 BCE – first & only setback – Gauls seige on Rome • 350 BCE - Romans bounced back- rebuilt the Servian Wall
and remodeled the army
• 340- 290 BCE The Latin Wars/Roman Federation• 282-270 BCE defeated Greeks/Tarentum & Epirus
• By 264 BCE, 5 major world powers: Syria, Egypt,
Macedonia, Carthage and Rome
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By 264 BCE, 5 major world powers: Syria, Egypt, Macedonia, Carthage and Rome
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How was it possible for Rome to conquer so much so quickly? • First, the strong and balanced government had the
total support of the Roman people. • Second, some defeated peoples (Latins) were treated
as friends and, in several cases, made citizens. • Third, Rome's army was highly disciplined and
experienced by years of warfare. • Fourth, Romans greatly valued military success. In
fact, military success was needed if a man hoped to advance in the Roman government.
• Fifth, wars brought a lot of money and treasure. Valuables seized from the enemy made the government, as well as individual leaders, wealthy. Prisoners from the conquered lands became slaves.
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The Punic Wars
• Three wars against Carthage started in 264 BCE and ended with Rome an international superpower in 146 BCE.
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The Punic Wars, 264-146 BCE
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The first Punic War… • The first war started over the Sicilian city of Mesina
• Fighting between 264 and 241 BCE ended in defeat for the Carthaginian admiral Hamilcar.
• Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica became Roman territories
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Hannibal Barca
247–183 BCE
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Hannibal and the Second Punic War, 219- 202 BCE
• Started over control of a city in Spain
• Hannibal’s army of 50,000 men, 12,000 horses and 37 war elephants crossed the Alps in 15 days
• Hannibal hoped for support from the Gauls and other Latin people
• Battle of Cannae 216 BCE ended with 60,000 Romans dead.
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Hannibal’s army of 50,000 men and 37 war elephants crossed the Alps
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Battle of Cannae, 215 BCE - 60,000 dead. Rome’s future looked very bleak!
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Publius Cornelius Scipio
Rome sent an army under Scipio to Carthage, forcing Hannibal to return to Carthage to protect his homeland
Scipio Africanus
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The 3rd Punic War, 149-146 BCE
• A one-sided affair!
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The legacy of wars…• Farms had been ravaged and remained
unproductive• Citizen-soldiers returned after prolonged
absence to find their families on the brink of bankruptcy
• Growth of Patrician latifundia (slave plantations)
• Growing slave population drove down wages
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Further consequences of expansion…
• The Hellenization of Rome
• Rise of a business class
• Immense wealth –a taste for luxury
• Most benefits of expansion went to the wealthy, patrician class
• Serious economic dislocations for the common people was under way
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Problems for the small, independent, self-sufficient farmer…
• The increase in the slave population displaced the common farmers…
• In debt, without prospects for work, ruined farmers joined the ranks of unemployed in Rome…
• By 150BCE -a revolution was brewing!
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Any Questions?