roman empire continued. i. theological state a. ideal of one emperor and one faith working together...
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Roman Empire Continued
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I. Theological State
A. Ideal of one emperor and one faith working together in mutual dependence
B. Presents strengths and weaknesses for the empire
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II. Challenge of the Monophysites
A. Was Christ Divine and Human?
B. Council of Chalcedon, 451
C. Divisions in the Empire 1. Monophysites vs. Chalcedonians2. Egypt, Palestine, Syria vs. Heartland
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III. Glories and Agonies of Justinian and Theodora
A. Constantinople at its height1. 600,000 people2. Great walls, baths, gardens,
churches, hippodrome
3. Blues and Greens B. Justinian’s wars of expansion
1. Stress on finances and society2. Nika riots
a. Theodora saves the day
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III. Glories and Agonies of Justinian and Theodora
C. Constantinople rebuilt1. Hagia Sophia
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Hagia Sohia, Constantinople 537
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Hagia Sophia
interior
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Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, 691
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Church of St. Basil,
Moscow, 1561
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III. Glories and Agonies of Justinian and Theodora
C. Constantinople rebuilt1. Hagia Sophia2. Corpus Juris Civilis
D. Monophysite Split unresolved
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IV. Challenge of Islam
A. Romans win a hard-fought victory over Persians1. East Rome at it military height2. But opens the door to Muslim conquests
B. Muslim Empire—another theological state 1. Muhammad (570-632)
C. Monophysite split helps Muslim conquest
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IV. Challenge of Islam
D. Effects of Muslim Conquests1. Reduces and eventually destroys East Roman
Empire
2. Christianity becomes a European religiona. East Romans defend Europe with dramatic
defense of Constantinople b. “Greek Fire” used for the first time, 678
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V. Iconoclasm and Renewal
A. Roman vulnerability leads to theological doubts1. Icons are portraits of saints, holy men
a. convey spiritual power in private devotions2. Emperor Leo III (717-41) attacks icon worship
B. Military situation improves and icons approved 1. Council of 843 gives the OK 2. Byzantine tradition of art continues
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Psalter from the 10th century
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Church of St. Clement
Serbia, 13th century