roman culture and society - roslyn high school...roman architecture . the dome - pantheon . roman...
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Roman Culture and Society
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Impact of Greeks
Greece as artistic model – sculpture, literature, etc.
• Literature:
Virgil (70-19 B.C.)
lauds emperor and divine mission of Rome to rule the world; epic poem to rival Homer: The Aeneid est. connection between Troy and Rome;
Focuses on Roman virtues of duty, piety, faithfulness
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Impact of Greeks cont.
• Roman Art taste for Greek statues; Portrait sculpture – intensely realistic; wall paintings and frescoes; • Architecture practical art adapted Greek styles curvilinear forms – arch, vault, domes Used concrete on massive scale; Huge buildings – public baths, amphitheaters, roads(50,000 miles), aqueducts arenas, bridges;
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Roman Statues
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Roman Statues
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Roman Statues
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Roman Frescoes
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Roman Frescoes
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Mosaics
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Roman Architecture
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The Dome - Pantheon
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Roman Law
• 12 Tables (450 B.C.)
• Civil law applied to all citizens of Rome
• Law of nations – part of the law that applied to both Romans and foreigners
• Natural law – a set of universal laws based on reason; established standards of justice that applied to all people;
• Concepts: innocent until proven guilty; defense before a judges; judges weigh the evidence;
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Roman Family
• Paterfamilias – dominant male absolute authority over wife and children – may kill wives; sell children into slavery etc. • Arranged marriages for daughters; legal control from father to husband;
eventually legal control remained with father; allowed greater freedom for woman when father passed;
• Sickly or deformed infants often left to die of exposure;
• High infant mortality rate; • end of childhood: male 16; female 14;
• Upper class women – considerable freedom and independence; right to own and
inherit property; attended public events; no participation in government
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Slaves and Masters
• Slavery common in ancient world; but none relied so much on slave labor as the Romans
• Prestige, status
• Farm laborers, cooks, cleaners, gardeners
• Tutors, musicians, doctors and artists;
• Craftspeople
• gladiators
• treatment varied
• Large scale revolts ex. 73 B.C. Spartacus revolt of 70,000 slaves; eventually crushed and 6,000 crucified;
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Bread and Circuses for Romans
Enormous gap between rich and poor;
• Rich lived in lavish villas
• Poor in large concrete or wooden apartment complexes; little space, unsafe conditions – danger of fire;
• Poor fed with government distributed grain;