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Banded and Un-Band

Roll Paper ProtectionSeth Sienkiewicz

FM Global Research

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Outline

Meeting Evolving Needs

Roll Paper Hazard

Mitigating the Hazard

Large-Scale Fire Tests

Conclusions

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Meeting Evolving Needs

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Roll Paper Hazard

Characteristics

Easily Ignitable

Extremely Fast Fire Growth

Intense Fire Plume

Contributors

Storage Configuration

Paper Type/Weight

Exfoliation

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Storage Configuration

H

a

z

a

r 

d

 S t a c k H e i g h t

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Storage Configuration

H

Pr

IgnitionLocation

Open Arra

Ignition

Location

PrimHoriz

FlaPropa

H

a

z

ar 

d

  F l u e S i z e

Standard A

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Paper Weight

H

a

z

a

r 

d

  P a p e r W e i g h t

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Exfoliation

Provides Virgin Fuel

Removes Pre-wetted

Paper

Spreads Fire to Adjacent Commodity

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Mitigating the Hazard

Stack Height

Paper Type

Flue Spaces

Banding

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Research Question

Can rolls of heavyweight paper, butted in one

direction, be protected the same regardless of

whether or not they are banded?

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~24 ft 

~19 ft 

All Stacks

Butted In N-SDirection 

Standard Array 

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Ceiling Sprinkler Protection

K115 Upright Sprinklers

Standard Response

Temperature Rating  – 141°C

Water Pressure  – 1.0 Bar

Discharge Density  – 14 lpm

Sprinkler Spacing  – 3.0 m by 3.0 m

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Evaluation Criteria

No fire spread to the remote end of the array

Number of sprinkler activations acceptable

No excessive steel temperatures at ceiling

 – ≥1,000°F for 1 minute duration – ≥1,200°F instantaneous

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Results

Banded

Un-Banded

  ~   0   1

  :   3   0 

  ~   0   3

  :   3   0 

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Results: 1st Sprinkler Activation

Banded Un-Banded

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Results: ~3:30 min

Banded Un-Banded

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Results: ~7:00 min

Banded Un-Banded

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Results

FIRE TEST RESULTS

Test ID Banded Un-B

Total Sprinklers Opened 18

First / Last Sprinkler Operation Times (min:s) 1:29 / 3:32 1:10

Maximum One Minute Average Gas Temperature ( 

C) [ 

F] 1014 (1858) 959

Maximum One Minute Average Steel Temperature ( 

C) [ 

F] 595 (1103) 631

Total Chemical Energy Released (30 minutes) (GJ) [BTUTH] 4.69 (4448) 11.36

Estimated Paper Consumed (kg) [lb] 335 (738) 812

Test Termination - Time After Ignition (min:s) 30:00 30

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Conclusions

Equivalent Protection for Banded and Un-Banded

 – Standard Array

 – 6.4 m High Storage under a 9.1 m High Ceiling

 – 12 mm/min over 232 m2

Structural Steel Protection Required

Metal Bands Can be Removed from Standard Arrays

without Protection Upgrade

 Allows Cost Savings and Alleviates Safety Concerns

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Thank You

Questions?