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Human Resource (HR):

Human resources is a term used to describe the individuals who make up the workforce of an

organization, although it is also applied in labor economics to, for example, business sectors or even

whole nations. Human resources is also the name of the function within an organization charged with

the overall responsibility for implementing strategies and policies relating to the management of individuals (i.e. the human resources). This function title is often abbreviated to the initials "HR".

Human resources is a relatively modern management term, coined as late as the 1960s. The origins of 

the function arose in organizations that introduced 'welfare management' practices and also in those

that adopted the principles of 'scientific management'. From these terms emerged a largely

administrative management activity, coordinating a range of worker related processes and becoming

known, in time, as the 'personnel function'. Human resources progressively became the more usual

name for this function, in the first instance in the United States as well as multinational or international

corporations, reflecting the adoption of a more quantitative as well as strategic approach to workforce

management, demanded by corporate management to gain a competitive advantage, utilizing limited

skilled and highly skilled workers. 

Role of the HR Manager:

  HR Manager plays a variety of roles.

  Earlier, the main role of the manager was to procure & maintain a committed workforce.

  But with the passage of time, increasingly critical nature of problems and challenges in the

effective utilization of human beings has elevated the status of HR Manager.

Different roles played by the HR Manager are:

1) The Counsellor

  HR Manager acts a counselor for the employees facing problems related with health, work,

colleagues, family, supervisors, financial, mental, physical, children education, marriage, etc.

  Employees discuss their problems with the HR Manager and he offers suitable solutions to solve

their problems.

2) The Advisor

  HR Manager advises the management regarding Human Resources Planning, recruitment,

selection, training and development, appraisal, compensation, integration, separation, etc.

  HR Manager advises management in case of industrial disputes, etc.

  On the other hand, he also provides assistance to the workers by conveying their problems to

the management.

3) The Mediator

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  In case of some conflicts and disputes, HR Manager plays the role of a peacemaker between the

management and the employees.

4) The Conscience Role

  This role is that of a humanitarian who advises management of its ethical obligations to its

employees.

5) The Liaison Role

  Generally, HR Manager acts as a spokesperson for or representative of the organization.

6) The Change Agent

  He acts as a catalyst in introducing new changes in the organization.

7) The Problem Solver

  Problems related with HR in any part of the organization are tackled by the HR Managers.

8) The Welfare Role

  As per The Factories Act, 1948, where 500 or more workers are employed, one welfare officer

should be appointed. Otherwise, HR Manager acts as a welfare officer. He is concerned about

facilities like crèche, canteen, shelter, lunch and restrooms, etc.

9) The Legal Role

  HR Manager plays a vital fire-fighting role during: grievance handling procedure, settlement of 

industrial disputes, collective bargaining, handling disciplinary action, joint consultation, etc.