role of signalling engineers, example of crossrail

Role of Signalling Engineers, example of Crossrail

Signalling integration

(CBTC, ERTMS & UK)

By: G. Bersano, CTO IKOS Group [email protected]

P. Ndimurukundo, Senior Consultant [email protected]

1. Few words about IKOS & IKOS Lab

2. Crossrail project

3. Rôle of signalling engineers1. Collect information & data

2. Analyse and investigate

3. Resolve the problem & report

4. Q&A

2

3

Few words about IKOS & IKOS Lab

SPECIALIZED IN RAILWAYSWe can intervene in all domains of this industry. Our vision: to accelerate performances and innovation of our clients and carrier for our consultants !

1100 ENGINEERSAre involved on state of the artprojects around the world

10 COUNTRIESWe have 14 subsidiaries around the world : France, Spain, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, UK, USA, Italy, Sweden and Canada.

15 YEARS OF EXPERIENCEFounded in 2005 to bring technical expertise to major players in railways, IKOS management has more than 25 years of experience in this field.

AN OFFER ON ENERGYBased on its expertise on railways, IKOS developepd a complementary offer on energy

IKOS LABINNOVATION CENTRE

innovation is at the heart of our growth and IKOS LAB leads our activities on R&D, Business intelligence, Knowledge Management and more…

5

They put their trust in us…

Our clients

IKOS Lab missions

INNOVATION

- Technological watch

- Innovation and R&D projects

- Thesis and internships

TRAINING

- IKOS Academy

- Partnerships with Universities

- Skills development

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

- Knowledge sharing

- Capitalization on experiences

6

WORK PACKAGES

- Expertise, audit

- Complex projects

- Task forces

Our R&D&I activity

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Key figures

IKOS Lab R&D: internal & collaborative projects

• About 20 internships a year

• 8 PhD’s since 2015

• About 900 students trained in courses or conferences in 3 countries in 2020

• About 15 innovation projects running

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IKOS Lab Network

IKOS experts

Institutions and

laboratories

Universities and

engineering schools

Competitiveness pôles

and associations

Industrial partners

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Organized around a core team of IKOS experts

IKOS Practises for Complex Offers

• Predictive Maintenance

• Modeling & Simulation

• RAMS

• Agile System Engineering

• Innovation Management

• Testing and Commissioning

• Project Management Office

(PMO)

• Software V&V…

• ….

Systematic innovation for complex problems

IKOS Lab innovation practice

Systematic innovation techniques are based on

heuristics coming from:

Best patents analysis

Famous inventions analysis

Companies success stories

Psychologists studies

Bios of great scientists

Strategical Tactical

Non

technical

Technical

Toolbox 1 Toolbox 2

Toolbox 3 Toolbox 4

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Some customers

Long term collaboration on new products, process & training

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Correlation with Smart cities, decarbonation, consumption and production….

The role of railways innovation for the society

Source: IIASA, The World in 2050 initiative13

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2 – Crossrail project

• Few facts

Elisabeth Line is the brand name of Crossrail project

A fleet of 70 new 200 metre long trains built by Bombardier Transportation

in Derby will run on the Elizabeth line, each train will be able to carry up to

1,500 people.

The new, high-capacity trains have:•Seven fully interconnected, walk-through carriages (converted to nine carriages

when the Elizabeth line fully opens)

•Air conditioning and real-time information on-train

•Information on next stops for passengers•Energy-efficient management systems including regenerative braking which

uses up to 30% less energy

•Capable of running up to 90 mph on outer sections

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Elisabeth Line Signalling Areas

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3 – Role of signalling engineers

• Train Protection System is made of

• ETCS Level 2

• (Baseline 3 MR1) + STM for Level TPWS

• Onboard part: Ebicab 2000 - Bombardier (now Alstom)

• Trackside part (Alstom

• CBTC (Siemens)

• Onboard and Wayside Trainguard

• AWS/TPWS (Mors Smitt)

• Standalone computer unit and integrated as STM with ETCS

Focus on the Train Protection Systems

Elisabeth Line Signalling Systems scope

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A simple way of approaching your role can be summarised in three steps

1. Collect information / Data

2. Analyse and Investigate

3. Resolve (the problem) and Report/Conclude

Signalling engineer applies Systems engineering approach

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3.1 – Collect information and data

• Define Concept, Functional Requirements, Software Requirements and Test Specifications

• Give input for Vehicle Electrical Schematics and Bill of Material for ATP systems

• Develop appropriate technical solutions to integrate ATP systems compliant with CCS TSI and relevant standards

• Develop Electrical, mechanical, Software and Hardware interfaces between ATP systems and the Vehicle (Rolling Stock)

• Support technically Procurement, Safety, Design Assurance

Context of CL345 AVENTRA train for Crossrail Programme in UK

Signalling Integration Engineer TASKS (Vehicle Architecture)

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Signalling Integration Engineer is a Systems Engineer who has to design, integrate and validate the ATP within Rolling stocks.

Crossrail Signalling ATP Onboard required phased approach:• Stage 1 (Standalone TPWS Operation)• Stage 2 (ETCS Operation (in Levels 0, 1, 2) and Operation in

Level NTC TPWS)• Stage 3 (Level NTC CBTC Operation)• Stage 4 (Transitions between Systems)

Class 345 Train Automatic Train Protection

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• Between Train Protection Signalling systems and their components– Mechanical and Electrical– Data and Protocol (IP, MVB, Profibus)– ETCS-CBTC, ETCS-TPWS

• Between ATP and the Vehicle (Train Interface)– Emergency Brake Command– Cab status

• Between ATP and TCMS• Between ATP and other sub-systems (e.g. Juridical Recording

Unit)

Interfaces with Signalling ATP Onboard

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Signalling ATP Onboard TCMS

CCU-O

+

CCU-T

(TDS logic)

TCMS HMI(Primary display for TDS

events)

Sig. DMI(Redundancy mode)

Train driver

Acknowledgement

/navigation

Display

Maintainer

Acknowledgement

/navigation

Display

Fleet monitor

MCG

Wifi train

/ GSM-R

/ Wifi CBTC

ETCS

Internal conditions

Event or error

TPWS

Internal conditions

Event or error

CBTC

Internal conditions

Event or error

External

conditions(e.g.: sensor failure)

JRU

CL345 ATP Architecture overview (partial)

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• Customer: Crossrail Ltd• Operations and Driver training: MTR & SYDAC (Driver

Training simulator at OOC)• Infrastructure Management: RfL for the London tunnel and

Network Rail for GWML and GEML• Authorisation: ORR (UK NSA)• Signalling suppliers interface:

– Siemens: CBTC (Onboard and Wayside)– Mors Smitt: TPWS Onboard– Alstom: ETCS trackside (RBC, Eurobalises)

Stakeholders from Class 345 supplier view

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• Design– Requirements Management

• Verify– Peer reviews– Workshops (Hazard analysis)– Manage Defects and closure– Compliance evidence

• Test– Specify tests– Identify test environment (lab or on-site)

• Report

V cycle (EN 50126)

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• Train Technical Specification• Other customer contractual requirements• CCS TSI (published on ERA website)• National Notified Technical Rules (RSSB website for UK)• Railway Industry Standards (RIS) (RSSB website)• International Standards (CENELEC, ISO)

NB: Consider best practises or Code of practise (e.g. INCOSE for SE and MBSE, Rail Delivery Group for Train Operating Companies and Rolling stock)

Source Requirements gathering and reading

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3.2 – Analyse and Investigate

• Role of the Signalling engineer varies according to the phases of the project

• Bid– Assess if the solution provide functions required and identify new

developments or gaps

• Startup– Preliminary architecture decisions are made and requirements elicitation

starts

• Design– Concept, Preliminary or System Design are completed

• Realisation– Detailed design, Implementation, Testing and Authorisation

Bid, Startup, Design and Realisation

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Signalling engineer will be involved in:

• Assess/Confirm Risks, Constraints, Assumptions, Contract & product understood and communicated

• Clarification of customer requirements completeness (e.g. TTS)• Confirm design concept is meeting customer requirements• Secure supplier design input (e.g. TPWS supplied by Mors Smitt)• Identify interfaces and their compatibility/contraints

Role during Conceptual Design definition

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• From source requirements – Train Technical Specification (Customer)– Standards: CCS TSI (ETCS), Notified National Technical Rules (RGS), Railway

Industry Standards, International standards (EN 50155, EN 50128, …)

• Signalling engineer will derive Functional and/or Sub-system requirements

• He / She will use Systems Engineering approach (Top down)– Systems Engineering techniques: INCOSE, NASA Handbook– Model Based Systems Engineering (Operability and Functional

Architecture)– Requirement Management (IBM Rational DOORS or alternatives)– Traceability (Forward/Flowdown and Backward/Validation)

Requirements Analysis and Apportionment

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• Develop System Description and Operational context• Review Electrical Schematics• Provide inputs or collaborate with Safety, RAM (FMECA), TCMS,

Cabling, Bogie (Speed sensors, Eurobalise antenna), etc.• Write Architecture and Interface Control Documents• Populate and review Functional and System Requirements• Manage changes:

– e.g. Functional Change Request when an Baselined design solution has to be changed due to an error or omission

Preliminary and Detailed Design

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OR_02Environmental

Conditions & Durability

OR_01.01Operability

3A_01Train Arrang & Layout

OR_03EMC & Earthing

1P_07.01Reliability &

Availability

1P_07.02Maintainability

1P_12Weight Performance

1P_01Acoustics & Vibration

1P_03Eco Design

1P_11.01Vehicle Gauging

1P_02Aerodynamics

1P_04.01Industrial Design

1P_05Human Factors &

Ergonomics

1P_07.03Diagnostics

1P_10Performance

1P_06.02Fire Safety

1P_06.01Product Safety

1P_11.03Vehicle Dynamics

1P_11.04Traction Dynamics

3A.02.04Mech Architecture of

Underframe Zone


Cab Zone


Exterior Zone

3A.05Control & Command

Architecture

3A.06Design & Material

Rules

1P_08.01Structural Mechanics

1P_09.02Cooling of Equipment

Df_03Manufacturing

1P_08.02Crash Safety

4S_16

Signalling ATC ATP

ATO and DAS

2F.07* AWS/TPWS track

magnets, ETCS balises, ETCS

radio

2F.07/2F.02

Brake

commands &

feedback

2F.07/2F.02

ETCS Provision:

Traction cut off &

Feedback

2F.06/2F.07/

2F.08 Train data

to signalling

system/eqpt

4S_17.01Train external

communication

4S_15.02Conventional

Train Controls

4S_15.01

TCMS

4S_16.04Juridical Data

Recorder

4S_11.01

Braking

4S_10.02

Propulsion

4S_12.03Intercar Jumpers

& Interfaces

4S_01.01

Carbody

4S_04.03Running Gear

Aux Component

4S_18.01Cables

&Harnesses

4S_18.02

Panels & Cases

4S_09.02

(Aux) Batteries

4S_06

Driver’s cab

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Interfaces

ARCADIA with CAPELLA and MATLAB/SIMULINK

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Our target is to formalise the following process and to build a library with signalling components used in

different context (RBC ARGOS, ATO Over ETCS, ETCS L3 Hybrid, …).

Credit:

David GUILLAUD

[email protected]

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3.3 – Resolve (the problem) and Report

• This screenshot shows an extract of electrical schematics showing interface between CBTC and ETCS as well as the interfaces shared or not shared with the Cl345 vehicle. CBTC is managed as STM by ETCS.

• Signalling engineer contributes or create these schematics. Usually, a more senior Vehicle Architecture engineer has ownership of the electrical schematics.

• This ETCS-CBTC hardware wiring allows seamless level transitions between CBTC and ETCS and vice-versa. Software will command and control as well!

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Signalling electrical integration into CL345 – Design doc

Illustrations of Crossrail specific indications agreed among parties

Example of integration of CBTC indications

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• Signalling Engineer will be involved in each phase of the project lifecycle

• Typical verification activities will include:– Requirements review– Technical and Design documents reviews– Safety documents review– Compliance reports review– Licence Check for most experienced engineers– Interface or other sub-systems documents review– Testing documentation review

Verification

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Signalling Engineer will mainly

– Support Verification & Validation teams (Test execution, Results analysis)

– Conduct Briefings to explain expectations from testing activities (Fitness To

Test)

– May conduct tests to check resolution of a defect or provide expert analysis for

more complex issues

– Provide inputs for Lab or On-site testing

– Provide expert analysis or impact assessment on defects raised by Testers

– Check completeness of test results and logs as input to test reports and compliance evidence

– Identify gaps in test specifications if any and amend test specifications

Test Specs, Reports and Support Test execution

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A simple way of approaching your role can be summarised in three steps

1. Collect information / Data

2. Analyse and Investigate

3. Resolve (the problem) and Report/Conclude

Key message

Signalling engineer applies Systems engineering approach

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1. https://learninglegacy.crossrail.co.uk/2. https://www.rssb.co.uk/standards-catalogue3. https://www.orr.gov.uk/sites/default/files/om/interoperability-

authorisation-class-345-ccs-tsi-2020-05-06.pdf4. https://www.raildeliverygroup.com/our-services/cop-

guidance.html#Engineering5. https://www.era.europa.eu/activities/technical-specifications-

interoperability_en6. https://www.irse.org/Licensing/Licensing-documentation/CACs-Signalling7. https://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/Guide_to_the_Systems_Engineering_Body_

of_Knowledge_(SEBoK)8. https://www.nasa.gov/connect/ebooks/nasa-systems-engineering-

handbook9. https://mtrel.co.uk/

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Useful public information

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4 – Q&A

SPECIALIZED IN RAILWAYSWe can intervene in all domains of this industry. Our vision: to accelerate performances and innovation of our clients and carrier for our consultants !

1100 ENGINEERSAre involved on state of the artprojects around the world

10 COUNTRIESWe have 14 subsidiaries around the world : France, Spain, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, UK, USA, Italy, Sweden and Canada.

15 YEARS OF EXPERIENCEFounded in 2005 to bring technical expertise to major players in railways, IKOS management has more than 25 years of experience in this field.

AN OFFER ON ENERGYBased on its expertise on railways, IKOS developepd a complementary offer on energy

IKOS LABINNOVATION CENTRE

innovation is at the heart of our growth and IKOS LAB leads our activities on R&D, Business intelligence, Knowledge Management and more…