role of govt in environment
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Role of Govt. in environmental protection
![Page 2: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
24-1 The Role of Government in the Transition to More Sustainable
Societies • Concept 24-1 A government can help to
protect environmental and public interests and help to encourage more environmentally sustainable economic development through its policies.
![Page 3: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Government Can Serve Environmental and Other Public Interests (1)
• Balance between government intervention and free enterprise
• Is the government the best mechanism to deal with
– Full-cost pricing
– Market failures
– The tragedy of the commons
![Page 4: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Government Can Serve Environmental and Other Public Interests (2)
• Policies and politics
• Environmental policy
• Policy life cycle: 4 stages– Recognition
– Formulation
– Implementation
– Control
![Page 5: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Fig. 24-2, p. 636
Recognition Identify the problem
Nonpoint-source water pollutionIndoor air pollution
Electronic waste
Mining wastes
Groundwater contamination
Environmentally harmful subsidiesExclusion of environmentally harmful costs from market prices
Control Monitor and adjust
Outdoor air pollution
Sewage treatment problems
Drinking water pollutionPoint-source water pollution
Some infectious diseases
Municipal solid waste
Stepped Art
Implementation Implement solutions
Acid deposition
Ozone depletion
Municipal solid waste
Endangered species
Pest damage
Soil erosion
Formulation Look for solutions
Global warming
Urban sprawl
Nuclear wastes
Biodiversity losses
Toxic wastes
Aquifer depletion
![Page 6: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Democracy Does Not Always Allow for Quick Solutions (1)
• Democracy
• Framework
– Constitutional democracy
– Three branches of government
• Legislative
• Executive
• Judicial
![Page 7: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Democracy Does Not Always Allow for Quick Solutions (2)
• Special-interest groups pressure the government
– Profit-making organizations
– Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
• Politicians focus on problems with short-term effects, not long-term
![Page 8: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Certain Principles Can Guide Us in Making Environmental Policy (1)
• The humility principle
• The reversibility principle
• The precautionary principle
• The net energy principle
• The preventive principle
![Page 9: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Certain Principles Can Guide Us in Making Environmental Policy (2)
• The polluter-pays principle
• The public access and participation principle
• The human rights principle
• The environmental justice principle
• How will these principles be implemented?
![Page 10: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
24-2 How Is Environmental Policy Made? (1)
• Concept 24-2A Policy making involves law making, program funding, rule writing, and enforcement of rules by agencies—a complex process that is affected at each stage by political processes.
![Page 11: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
24-2 How Is Environmental Policy Made? (2)
• Concept 24-2B Individuals can work with each other to become part of political processes that influence how environmental policies are made and whether or not they succeed. (Individuals matter.)
![Page 12: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
How Democratic Government Works: The U.S. Model
• Three branches
– Legislative branch
– Executive branch
– Judicial branch
• Develop and implement policy
– Laws, regulation, and funding
– Lobbying
![Page 13: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Fig. 24-3, p. 639
Laws
Legislative branch Executive branch Courts
Lobbyists Lobbyists RegulatorsPublic
hearing
Civil suits
Environmental
organizationsCorporations and
small businesses
Membership
support
Patronize or
boycott
Individuals
Purchase recyclable,
recycled, and
environmentally safe
products
Recycle cans,
bottles, paper,
and plastic
Plant a
garden
Donate clothes
and used goods
to charities
Use water, energy,
and other resources
efficiently
Use mass transit,
walk, ride a bike,
or carpool
![Page 14: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What Can You Do? Influencing Environmental Policy
![Page 15: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Environmental Leaders Can Make a Big Difference
• Lead by example
• Campaign and vote for informed and eco-friendly candidates
• Run for local office
• Propose and work for better solutions to environmental problems
![Page 16: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
24-3 What Is the Role of Environmental Law in Dealing with Environmental
Problems? • Concept 24-3 Environmental laws and
regulations can be used to control pollution, set safety standards, encourage resource conservation, and protect species and ecosystems.
![Page 17: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Fig. 24-9, p. 654
TRADE-OFFS
Global Efforts to Solve
Environmental Problems
Good News Bad NewsEnvironmental protection agencies
in 115 nations
Most international environmental
treaties lack criteria for evaluating
their effectivenessOver 500 international
environmental treaties and
agreements1992 Rio Earth Summit led to
nonbinding agreements with
inadequate fundingUN Environment Programme (UNEP)
created in 1972 to negotiate and
monitor international environmental
treatiesBy 2008 there was little
improvement in the major
environmental problems
discussed at the 1992 Rio
summit
1992 Rio Earth Summit adopted
key principles for dealing with
global environmental problems
2002 Johannesburg Earth Summit
failed to deal with global
environmental problems such as
climate change, biodiversity loss,
and poverty
2002 Johannesburg Earth Summit
attempted to implement 1992 Rio
summit policies and goals and
reduce poverty
![Page 18: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Fig. 24-10, p. 655
SOLUTIONS
International Environmental Treaties
Problems Solutions
Take a long time to
develop and are
weakened by requiring
full consensus
Do not require full
consensus among
regulating parties
Poorly monitored
and enforced
Establish procedures
for monitoring and
enforcement
Lack of funding for
monitoring and
enforcement
Increase funding for
monitoring and
enforcement
Treaties are not
integrated with one
another
Harmonize or integrate
existing agreements
![Page 19: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Corporations Can Play a Key Role in Moving Toward Environmental
Sustainability• Eco-efficiency
• World Business Council for Sustainable Development
![Page 20: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
24-6 Implementing More Sustainable and Just Environmental Policies
• Concept 24-6 Making the transition to more sustainable societies will require that nations implement green plans and that people and nations cooperate, agree on principles, and make the political commitment to achieve this transition.
![Page 21: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Green Planning Can Be a National Priority
• The Netherlands focused on four themes– Implement life-cycle management
– Improve energy efficiency
– Invent more environmentally sustainable technologies
– Public education
• Is the plan in the Netherlands working?
• EPI rank for the Netherlands is 55/149 countries
![Page 22: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
We Can Shift to More Environmentally Sustainable Societies
• Emphasize preventing or minimizing environmental problems
• Use market-place solutions
• Win-win solutions or trade-offs to environmental problems or injustices
• Be honest and objective
![Page 23: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Role of govt in environment](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032420/55a5975b1a28aba8258b4571/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)