ROLE OF EMBODIMENT AND INTUITIVE

INTERACTION IN CHILDREN

Candidate: Shital Desai (M.S – Electronics and Controls)Principal Supervisor: Dr. Alethea Blackler, (PhD, MA, BA(Hons))Associate Supervisor: Prof. Vesna Popovic (PhD, MFA(ID), GradEngArch, FDIA, FDRS)

Stage 2 Proposal

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MOTIVATION

I only wished if I

had brains !!!

I just want a heart from

the wizard of OZ !!!

I just want some

courage

“ You are learning something everyday. Experience is the only thing that brings knowledge, and the longer you are on earth the more experience you are sure to get .“ -Wizard of OZ

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INTRODUCTION• Products are customised so that user experience is adapted to each

individual user's needs (Carroll, 2013; Girouard, Vertegaal, & Poupyrev, 2013).

• Children are missing out on this. • There are existing power structures, biases, and assumptions between adults

and children to get beyond (Punch, 2002); and children, especially young ones have difficulty in verbalising their thoughts (Druin, 2002; Melonio & Gennari, 2013).

• An object can be made intuitive to use by designing it so that its operation can be learned simply by observing it (D A Norman, 2002). Products should be embedded in their daily experiences.

• Many authors have suggested that movement of the body provides more natural or more intuitive form of interaction than mouse, keyboard and screen setup of a traditional desktop computer.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Embodiment and Intuition in Children

Embodied

Cognition

Embodied

Interaction

Intuitive Interactio

n

Constructionism

• Alisa antle (2013)

• (Barsalou, 2010; Clark, 2012)• (Piaget, 1952) • (Thelen & Smith, 2006). • (Manches & O’Malley, 2012).• (Fogassi & Rizzolatti, 2013; )• (Barsalou, 1999, 2010).• (Alethea Liane Blackler & Hurtienne,

2007• (Cook, Mitchell, & Goldin-Meadow,

2008)

• (Dourish, 2004)• (Clark, 2012)• (Fernaeus & Jacobsson, 2009)• (A. Antle, Droumeva, & Corness,

2008)

• (Myers, 2002)• (Bastick, 2003)• (Harteis & Billett, 2013)• (A. Blackler et al., 2010a)•

• Papert, S. (1980)

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RESEARCH PROBLEM

• A perspective on interaction that foregrounds embodied cognitive processes is called embodied interaction. (Dourish, 2004)

• Embodied Cognition as explained above in the literature review is the idea that an organism’s sensory-motor capacities, body and environment not only play an important role in cognition, but the manner in which these elements interact enables particular cognitive capacities to develop and determines the precise nature of those capacities. (Clark, 2012)

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(Israel et al., 2009)Classification of Intuitive Use User Interface

• (Israel et al., 2009)• Not complete.• Developed keeping adults in mind.

• A. N. Antle, Corness, & Droumeva, 2009; • A. Antle & Wise, 2013

• Objective is to look at role of metaphor based mapping• (Rohrer, 2007) identifies 12 dimensions of embodiment.• The mapping focus on physical movements.

• (Donald A Norman & Collyer, 2013)• Completion of a task involves multiple complex mappings

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RESEARCH QUESTIONS

•How does embodiment facilitate intuitive use in children?• What are the intuitive effects for children as user

groups?• What are the aspects of embodiment that contribute to

intuitive use in children?• How can we facilitate embodied intuitive use in child

computer interaction?

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RESEARCH DESIGN: METHODOLOGY• Inductive Research• Mixed Method – eliminates biases biases such as

measurement bias, sampling bias, procedural bias, etc. are encountered in all research methods ((Zhang & Creswell, 2013))• Qualitative methods - Observations, Protocol methods, Co-

discovery/co-operative, Interviews, diary study, Focus groups and workshops

• Quantitative methods such as quantitative surveys, Analytics and Usability testing.

• Children as users, testers, informants and design partners (Druin, 2002)

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RESEARCH DESIGN: METHODOLOGY• There is no best method when it comes to researching

with children. (Markopoulos, Read, MacFarlane, & Hoysniemi, 2008)• (Popovic, Kraal, Blackler, & Chamorro-Koc, 2012), (Alethea

L Blackler, Popovic, & Mahar, 2007) at PAS Lab have developed methods and tools to design products and interfaces for intuitive use. • Data Collection: Structured Observations and Verbal

protocols- Think aloud and Talk aloud• Data Analysis: Statistical methods• Software Packages: SPSS, Noldus Observer, Atlas.ti

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RESEARCH DESIGN: PLAN

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CONTRIBUTIONS AND OUTCOMES

• Development of a framework that would assist in design and development of intuitive products for children. • These outcomes will be transferrable to multiple domains such

as education (Bodén, Dekker, & Viller, 2011), gaming (Søndergaard, 2013), entertainment (Oh et al., 2013), services such as medical, airline (Marshall et al., 2013) etc.

THANK YOU

Any Questions ?