role of educational assessment in european education and european society chris whetton, president,...
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Role of Educational Assessment in European Education and European Society
Chris Whetton,President, AEA-Europe
Outline
Purposes of Assessment Historical Trends Current Roles Current Issues in Assessment Response of Assessment Providers
Purposes of assessment
To provide information to assist in a decision
May be:Summative (at the end of a period of study)Formative (integrated into teaching and
learning) About
Individual StudentGroups (Classes, Schools, Areas, Countries)
Summative Purposes For Individuals
CertificationSelectionAdvice
For GroupsMonitoringResource AllocationTreatmentAccountability
Users of Information Individuals
ParentsStudentsUniversitiesEmployers
GroupsSchoolsPoliticiansPublic
Formative Information
Generally for Individuals Embedded in Teaching and Learning
Dimensions of assessment Purposes
Processes
Summative Formative
Formal Examinations
Tests
Diagnostic Tests
Analysis of tests, exams
Informal Classwork
Homework
Classwork, Homework
Questioning
Peer assessment
Self assessment
Dimensions of assessment Purposes
Processes
Summative Formative
Formal Reliable
Less Valid Secure
Reliable
Can be Valid
Informal Less Reliable
More Valid
High Validity
Generally unknown reliability
Other Purposes
Introduce Curriculum Change Teachers’ Professional Development Pressurise Students Pressurise Schools and Teachers Parental Choice
Historical development in UK
19th CenturySelection for Civil Service(Merit, Reduce corruption)
Early 20th CenturySelection for Academic Education(Universities, Selective Schools, Ideas of
Innate Ability)Assessment of low achievement
Historical development in UK 1960s & 1970s
School Leaving Certification for All 1980s
Monitoring Programmes 1990s
Accountability 21st Century
Formative AssessmentAssessment for Learning
Growing Purposes
2000s
1990s
1970s
Selection
Selection, Certification
Selection, Certification
Monitoring, Accountability
Selection, CertificationMonitoring, Accountability,
Formative Assessment & Assessment for LearningInfluencing Educational Process
Early Years
Variable Role of Assessment in European Education and Society According to History and Circumstances
Selection – Almost all countries for higher education, but differences in philosophy and assessmentContrast of UK, Sweden and Italy
Variable Role of Assessment in European Education and Society Certification – All countries?
But school certificate or global qualification or subjects
Vocational educationWhat Age?
Monitoring – Some countriesNational Assessment (All students or
samples) or Use international surveys (PISA,
TIMSS,PIRLS)
Variable Role of Assessment in European Education and Society Accountability
“Anglo Saxon Disease” (French View)Different Views of Purpose of Education
Explicit Role of Formative AssessmentRelated to Summative Uses?Or only for teachers?
Current Issues for Assessment Systems in Europe (1)
Systems with too many purposes Issues of Trust in assessment Issues of Trust in teachers Fairness for All in Diverse Societies
Current Issues for Assessment Systems in Europe (2) Changing Curriculum for the Information
Age Use of Information Technology in
Assessment Measurement of Soft Skills and Values
(Team working, problem solving etc)
Response of Assessment Providers
Be clear about Purposes Recognise Rights of All Involved
Students, Parents, Employers, Society, Elected Representatives
Balance Needs of Reliability, Validity, Load on students and schools
Welcome change, but introduce it carefully
Role of Educational Assessment in European Education and European
Society
Chris Whetton [email protected]
www.aea-europe.net