1. Role of computers in veterinary surgery Dr.Mudasir Bashir Roll no.4856 MVSc scholar

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• Computer :-machine that carries out computation.

• Al-jazari in 1206-castle clockan astronomical clock-ist computer analog.

• Charles babbage credited for invention of computers.

• In medical practices its use started in 1960`s.

• Computers in veterinary science were started in 1980`s.

3. computers as Virtual labs

• Virtual physiology series:-includes------

• Sim vessel,sim muscle,sim nerve,sim patch and sim heart.

• These are computer programmes wherein we are able to detect effects of various drugs on different organs of the body.

• It avoids animal cruelty used for practical purposes.

4. ROLE IN VETERINARY HOSPITAL:

• MANAGEMENT OF DATA WITHIN A HOSPITAL RECORD:-

• Patient demographics,

• Signalment,

• Final Diagnosis,

• Medical-surgical Summaries

• Anaesthesia And Drug Histories etc

5. COMPUTERS IN SURGERY:-

• Programmes loaded in computers assist in:-

• Diagnosis

• Guidance for developing therapeutic option

• Allowing interactive and continuing educational oppertunities

• Assist in primary surgical instruction

• Allowing data management applications

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• COMPUTER ASSISTED DIAGNOSIS AND PATIENT MANAGEMENT:-

• Higher level processes include automated analysis of matrix considering all diagnostic possibilities from signs presented.

• Currently many computerassisted diagnostic problems are available in both vety.and medicine and are most applicable in multifaceted or complex clinical situation.

• These donot have observational ability,clinical experience or common sense..

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• As machines become more efficient and rapid data base access becomes more common,it is possible for local systems to automatically acquirethe latest references and abstracts from national and international bibliographic reference

• COMPUTER-ASSISTED DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENTATION:-

• Electroencephalography,electroretinography,digital radiography,digital flouroscopy,axial tomography,and thermal and ultrasonic image enhancement by computers are outstanding applications.

8. Computers in operating room and critical care unit:-

• Continuous and automated physiological monitoring of certain postsurgical patients in the recovery room and critical care ward is well established e.g.; computerized signal processing from electrocardiographic monitors is especially prevalent and detects cardiac rate and rhythm changes.

9. Flouroscopy:-

• PRESENTATION OF IMAGE->FLOUROSCOPY

• More suited to study of moving structures and dynamic processes than x-rays

• It gives an image that is continous in time and is required for maximum information.

• X-ray beam is directed through patient & on to an image intensifier which amplifies the x-ray coming through the patient->decrease x-ray dose.

• Resulting images are videotaped & hence permanent medical record

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• DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY (DR)

• X-ray tube is coupled to a specialised rerceiver that changes x-rays into electrical signals

• Analog image is digitalized & displayed on integrated computer screen

• Data is stored in magnetic optical discs(MODs),CDs,DVDs.

• ADVANTAGES

• No films are required.

• No screens are required.

• No processing is required.

• Brightness & contrast of images can be adjusted.

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15. COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY

• Similar to DR except an x-ray receiver similar to cassete is required & must be processed in special machine which contains photostimulable phosphor that changes x-ray photons in latent electronic images that is read by processor & is transferred to computer.

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18. ULTRASONOGRAPHY

• PRINCIPLE PULSE-ECHO

• Pulse is generated by piezoelectric crystals in an ultrasound transducer & is transferred to the patient ->Echo formed is transmitted in the form of electrical waves->images are formed on the computer.

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21. NUCLEAR MEDICINE

• TWO TYPES

• THERAPEUTIC NM & DIAGNOSTIC NM

• THERAPEUTIC NM

• Administration of radioactive iodine for treatment of hypothyroidism & thyroid tumours

• DIAGNOSTIC NM

• Administration of radioactive nuclides to patients and detection by gama-scintillation camera of electromagnetic rays

• Technetium->primary choice-------t 1/2= 6hr

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25. Computerized tomography (CT)

• CT scan is obtained by passing a very thin x-ray beam through patient & measurring x-ray attenuation at multiple sites in a thin slice of patients anatomy.

• Computer reconstructs the transmitted x-ray data into a crossectional image on a video monitor.

• Animal is kept in dorso-ventral or ventro- dorsal position.Table then moves the patient through circular gantry that houses the x-ray tube & detectors.

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28. MAGNETIC RESONANT IMAGING (MRI)

• Unlike CT scan, no ionizing radiation is used.

• MRI represents the intensity of a radiowave signal from tissues in which hydrogen nuclei has been disturbed by a characteristic radiofrequency pulse.

• Advantages over CT scan

• Better image resolution

• Anatomic definition & sensitivity to tissue composition differences

• Mainly used for CNS evaluation

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30. ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY PRINCIPAL->COLOUR DOPPLER EFFECT

• Used to diagnose cardiovascular system disease.

• Provides helpful information including size & shape of heart, its pumping capacity and location and extent of any damage to its tissues.

• It is specially useful for assessing diseases of heart valves

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33. LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY

• Keyhole surgery-operation performed through small incision.

• Two types of laparoscope

• Telescopic rod lens system-usually connected to camera.

• Digital laparoscope where charge-coupled device is placed at the end of laparoscope eliminating the rod lens system.

• Operative field illuminator-cold light source (halogen or xenon)

• CO 2 insuffulation is done to avoid abdominal wall over internal organ.

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35. ROBOTICS & TECHNOLOGY

• In recent years, electronic tools have been developed to aid surgeons.

• Some of the features of these electronic tools are :

• Visual magnification-use of large viewing screens improves visibility.

• Stabilization-electromechanical damping of vibrations due to machinary or shaky human hands

• Simulators-use of specialized virtual reality training tools to improve physicians proficiency in surgery

• Reduced number of incisions

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• Advantages of robotic surgery:-

• Precision.

• Small size incision.

• Decrease blood loss.

• Less pain.

• Unmanned surgery.

• Quicker healing.

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38. NATURAL ORIFICE TRANS LUMINAL ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY (NOTES)

• Surgical technique where by scar less abdominal operations can be performed with an endoscope passed through a natural orifice (mouth, urethra, anus etc)

• -> then through this an internal incision in stomach, vagina, bladder or colon is given->thus avoiding any external incision or scar.

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40. THANKS