role of antioxidants in the protection from aging-related ...4faculty of pharmacy, universidade...

EditorialRole of Antioxidants in the Protection fromAging-Related Diseases

Daria Maria Monti ,1 Maria Manuela Rigano ,2 Simona Maria Monti ,3

and Herbenya Silva Peixoto4

1Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, via Cinthia 4,80126 Naples, Italy2Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy3Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples 80134, Italy4Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Paulista UNIP, Campus Manaus BR, Av. Mário Ypiranga, 4390-Parque 10 de Novembro,69050-030 Manaus, AM, Brazil

Correspondence should be addressed to Daria Maria Monti; [email protected]

Received 25 November 2018; Accepted 26 November 2018; Published 8 January 2019

Copyright © 2019 Daria Maria Monti et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work isproperly cited.

In recent years, oxidative stress has been considered animportant factor in the pathogenesis and development oflifestyle-related diseases. In particular, the increase inreactive oxygen species (ROS) has been related to the onsetand progression of human aging. ROS can be generated bynormal metabolic activity as well as by lifestyle factors.Although many epidemiological studies have shown thatthe adoption of a healthy diet is mandatory, the molecularmechanisms by which nutrients exert antioxidant effectsremain poorly understood. Concurrently, oxidation damagecan also depend on inherited or acquired defects in enzymesinvolved in the redox-mediated signaling pathways. Theresulting redox-unbalance leads to increased susceptibilitytowards oxidative aging-related pathologies. For thesereasons, the investigation of the role of cellular antioxidantscavenger enzymes, active towards oxidative stress, is gainingincreased attention.

In this special issue, we invited researchers to shed lighton the molecular mechanisms involved in fighting aging-related diseases by antioxidant molecules which are able topromote healthy aging and counteract oxidative stress.

In the review from B.A.Q. Gomes et al., they analyzed thepossibility to counteract Alzheimer’s disease, a severe neuro-degenerative disorder, whose insurgence is related to age and

presents high levels of oxidative stress. The authors reportedthat resveratrol is able to inhibit Aβ peptide aggregation.Resveratrol is a well-known phenol endowed with antioxi-dant and anti-inflammatory activity, and it plays also animportant role in neuronal differentiation through theactivation of silent information regulator-1; thus, it can beconsidered as a promising tool in disease prevention.

Moreover, in the context of neurodegeneration, theanti-inflammatory mechanisms of several phytochemicals,such as curcumin, resveratrol, propolis, polyunsaturatedfatty acids (PUFAs), and ginsenosides, have been exten-sively studied in the review from J. Wang et al. In partic-ular, the authors reported that these phytochemicals areable to modulate and suppress neuroinflammation of thebrain by different mechanisms of action. Therefore, somephytochemicals can represent a useful tool to counteractsystemic inflammation and oxidative stress related toneurodegenerative diseases.

Still in the context of neurodegeneration, L.A.Ramos-Chávez et al. reported a study, on 77 women overthe age of 50, on the relation between the changes in Trpcatabolism and cognitive impairment associated with age.The authors hypothesize using circulating Trp levels as anew biomarker for cognitive impairment.

HindawiOxidative Medicine and Cellular LongevityVolume 2019, Article ID 7450693, 2 pageshttps://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7450693

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1136-0576http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7826-9067http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9647-7089https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7450693

In the review from A. Perrelli et al., the role of avenan-thramides (from Avena sativa) in fighting age-related dis-eases was deeply analyzed. Interestingly, avenanthramideshave been identified as therapeutic candidates for the treat-ment of a cerebrovascular disorder. Finally, by using proteo-mic approaches, the authors found distinctive molecularpathways and redox protein modifications associated withavenanthramide activity.

The paper from Y. Ma et al. was on the protective effectand mechanism of action of an ethanol extract from theleaves of Diospyros kaki. The extract was used on micetreated with D-galactose, known to mimic aging in animalmodels. The authors found that the extract, rich in flavo-noids, decreased oxidative stress levels and inflammatorymediators, restored memory impairment, and amelioratedthe impairment of synaptic-related proteins.

The role and molecular mechanism of action of proteinscontaining reactive sulfhydryl groups involved in theresponse to oxidative stress has been clearly described by A.Di Fiore et al., with a special focus on carbonic anhydrasesIII and VII. These enzymes have been found to play animportant role in cells in which oxidative stress is activated.Interestingly, both proteins are mainly localized in tissuescharacterized by a high rate of oxygen consumption andcontain, on their molecular surface, two reactive cysteineresidues eventually undergoing S-glutathionylation.

As for plant secondary metabolites, their role has beendeeply analyzed in the review by G. Petruk et al., with aspecial focus on skin photoaging. Phenolic compounds,polyphenols, and carotenoids have been analyzed for theirantiaging properties related to the reduction of oxidativestress pathways.

Finally, L. Di Renzo et al. analyzed the role of theMediterranean diet in preventing noncommunicable diseasesand, in particular, the role of wine. They found that theassociation of low/moderate intake of alcohol beverages, withnutraceutical-proven effectiveness and ethanol, in associa-tion with a Mediterranean diet, could determine a reductionof atherosclerosis risk onset through a positive modulation ofantioxidant gene expression helping in the prevention ofinflammatory and oxidative damages.

Thus, we hope that readers will find these contributionsinteresting and stimulating for the next coming research.We believe that these reviews will add knowledge in thecorrelation between oxidative stress and antioxidants inage-related pathologies.

Conflicts of Interest

None of the authors has any conflict of interest.

Daria Maria MontiMaria Manuela RiganoSimona Maria Monti

Herbenya Silva Peixoto

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