rogor gamoviyenotaadamianis uflebata evropuli konvencia ... file6 s e s a v a l i adamianis uflebata...

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rogor gamoviyenoTAadamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia

qveynis Sida samarTalwarmoebaSi

Implementation of the European Convention of Human Rights in the Domestic Setting

gamocema momzadebulia organizacia `konstituciis 42-e muxlis” mier

Prepared by Organization “Article 42 of the Constitution”

Tbilisi 2006 Tbilisi

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Implementation of the European Convention of Human Rights in the Domestic Setting(in Georgian, 2006)

Published with the support of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs within the frame of the project “Strategic Litigation in the Caucasus”, which is implementing by the organization “Article 42 of the Constitution” in partnership of Interights and Netherlands Helsinki Committee.

The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Donors.

broSura gamocemulia “niderlandebis sagareo saqmeTa saministros finansuri mxardaWeriT proeqtis “strategiuli samarTalwarmoeba kavkasiaSi” farg-lebSi, romelic xorcieldeba organizacia “kon-stituciis 42-e muxlis” mier `interaiTsa~ da `niderlandebis hel-sinkis komitetTan~ partniorobiT.

gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi ekuTvnis mis Semdgenlebs da ar gamoxatavs donorebis oficialur pozicias.

broSura moamzada:vanda jijelavamBroshure is prepared by:Vanda Jijelava

redaqtorebi:manana kobaxiZevladimer mkervaliSviliEditors:Manana KobakhidzeVladimer Mkervalishvili

organizacia `konstituciis 42-e muxli”

niderlandebis helsinkis komiteti

interaiTsi

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s a r C e v i

1. winasityvaoba ....................................................................................................... 5

2. Sesavali ................................................................................................................. 6

3. evropuli konvenciis adgili saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi ..... 7

4. ramdenime nimuSi rogor gamoviyenoT evropuli konvencia da

precedentuli samarTali sasamarTlosa da administraciul

organoebSi ................................................................................................................ 14

5. evrokonvenciis me-2 muxlis gamoyeneba .................................................... 14




9. evrokonvenciis me-10 muxlis gamoyeneba .................................................. 35

10. daskvna .................................................................................................................... 40

11. gamoyenebuli literatura .............................................................................. 41

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w i n a s i t y v a o b a

adamianis uflebaTa dacva erT-erTi yvelaze prioritetuli sferoa

yvela demokratiul saxelmwifoSi. saqarTveloSi is jer kidev

saWiroebs mniSvnelovan srulyofas. aRniSnulis ganxorcielebis

erT-erTi aucilebeli pirobaa saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis sru-

lyofa da adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso standartebTan

SesabamisobaSi moyvana. Aam miznis miRwevis efeqturi saSualeba ki,

sxva meqanizmebTan erTad, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarT-

los praqtikis Sida samarTalwarmoebaSi danergvaa.

cxadia, aseTi praqtika damkvidrdeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sa-

Tanadod amaRldeba sazogadoebis cnobiereba adamianis ZiriTad

uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebze da maTi dacvis evropul standar-

tebze.

winamdebare broSura am mizans emsaxureba. igi momzadebulia pro-

eqtis “strategiuli samarTalwarmoeba kavkasiaSi” farglebSi, ro-

melsac 2006 wlis 1 ianvridan axorcielebs organizacia “konsti-

tuciis 42-e muxli” niderlandebis sagareo saqmeTa saministros fi-

nansuri mxardaWeriT, niderlandebis helsinkis komitetisa (nider-

landebi) da Interights-is (didi britaneTi) partniorobiT. proeqti

erTdroulad xorcieldeba saqarTveloSi, somxeTsa (somxuri in-

stituti ganviTarebisaTvis) da azerbaijanSi (samarTlebrivi ganaT-

lebis sazogadoeba). proeqtis ZiriTadi mizania, erovnuli kanonmde-

blobis daxvewa da saerTaSoriso standartebis danergva saqarT-

veloSi, azerbaijansa da somxeTSi, adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebisa

da Tavisuflebebis dacvis mizniT.

vimedovnebT, es mokrZalebuli gamocema saintereso da sasargeblo

iqneba iuristebis, praqtikosi advokatebisa da nebismieri pirisaTvis,

vinc adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sakiTxebiT aris dainteresebuli.

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S e s a v a l i

adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli

konvencia SemuSavebulia evropis sabWos mier.

evropul konvencias 1950 wlis 4 noembers q. romSi moewera xeli ev-

ropis sabWos wevri 15 saxelmwifos mier da ZalaSi Sevida 1953 wlis

3 seqtembers. konvencia miRebulia evropis sabWos egidiT, romlis

mizania, adamianis uflebaTa dacva, demokratiis ganmtkiceba da

samarTlis uzenaesobis xelSewyoba. Eevropuli konvenciis av-

torebma, misi miRebiT, ganizraxes iseTi saerTaSoriso meqanizmis

Seqmna, romelic ar dauSvebda dausjelobas adamianis uflebaTa

darRvevisaTvis, tiraniasa da totalitarul mmarTvelobas evropaSi.

dReisaTvis, evropuli konvenciis monawilea 45 saxelmwifo, romel-

TaTvisac igi warmoSobs iuridiul valdebulebebs.

evropul konvencias saqarTvelom xeli moawera 1999 wlis 27 aprils.

1999 wlis 20 maiss parlamentma moaxdina misi ratificireba da am

dRidan evrokonvencia gaxda saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis nawili. E

saqarTvelom evropis sabWoSi gawevrianebiTa da evropuli konven-

ciis ratificirebiT ikisra valdebuleba, aRiaros da uzrunvelyos

kanonis uzenaesoba, demokratia da adamianis uflebaTa ganuxreli

dacva.

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evropuli konvenciis adgili saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis monawile TiTqmis yvela saxelmwifom moaxdina konvenciis integrireba erovnul ka-nonmdeblobasTan. Sesabamisad, konvencia Sida samarTlebrivi sis-temis nawilia da savaldebuloa Sida sasamarTloebisa da sajaro xelisuflebis yvela organosaTvis.

evropuli konvenciis monawile saxelmwifoTa umravlesobis msgavsad, saqarTveloSi konvencia aRiarebulia kanonmdeblobis nawilad. saqarTveloSi evropul konvencias SeuZlia warmoSvas uflebebi da movaleobebi fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebisaTvis. ne-bismier fizikur da iuridiul pirs SeuZlia, sasamarTlo an admin-istraciuli organos winaSe daeyrdnos evropuli konvenciis de-bulebebs da mis safuZvelze amtkicos adamianis uflebaTa darRveva.

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom Tavis erT-erT gadawyvetilebaSi ganacxada, rom evropuli konvenciis erovnuli ka-nonmdeblobis nawilad aRiareba, konvenciidan gamomdinare, valde-bulebaTa Sesrulebis gansakuTrebiT efeqturi saSualebaa1.

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom evropuli konvencia daaxasiaTa “evropuli sajaro wesrigis (order public) konstituciur dokumentad”2.

aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom yvela xelmomweri saxelmwi-fosaTvis adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia, iseve rogorc saerTaSoriso samarTlidan warmoqmnili valdebulebebi, war-moadgens qveynis sakanonmdeblo sistemis nawils da Sida sasamarT-loebi da sajaro xelisuflebis organoebi valdebulni arian, ga-moiyenon misi debulebebi. Sida samarTalwarmoebisas pirebs SeuZliaT pirdapir daeyrdnon konvenciis teqstsa da masTan da-kavSirebul adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos preceden-tul samarTals. AamasTan, xelisuflebis erovnulma organoebma upi-ratesoba unda mianiWon adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvencias erovnul kanonmdeblobasTan mimarTebaSi, rodesac es ukanaskneli winaaRmdegobaSi modis konvenciasTan. damatebiT, adamianis ufle-baTa evropuli konvencia gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania erovnuli sasamarTloebisaTvis, romlebmac marTlmsajulebis ganxor-cielebisas unda ixelmZRvanelon konvenciis normebiT, rogorc erovnul doneze moqmedi iuridiulad savaldebulo qcevis wesebiT3.

1 Ireland v. the United Kingdom/ irlandia gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, 1978;2 Loizidou v. Turkey, 1995;3 k.korkelia, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlis roli saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis praqtikaSi, statiaTa kre-buli “adamianis uflebaTa dacva erovnul da saerTaSoriso samarTalSi”;

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saqarTvelos konstituciis me-6 muxlis me-2 punqtis Tanaxmad, “saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas an SeTanxmebas, Tu igi ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstitucias, konstituciur Se-Tanxmebas, aqvs upiratesi iuridiuli Zala Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi normatiuli aqtebis mimarT”. konstituciis aRniSnuli muxlidan ga-momdinare, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi miCneulia saqarTveloskanonmdeblobis nawilad da Sidasaxelmwifoebriv normatiul aqtad.

saqarTvelos kanoni “normatiuli aqtebis Sesaxeb” akonkretebs konstituciis me-6 muxls saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi saerTaSo-riso xelSekrulebis rolTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli kanonis me-4 muxlis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba saqarT-velos normatiuli aqtia4.

gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa saqarTvelos kanoni “saqarT-velos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebis Sesaxeb”5. Kkanonis me-6 mux-lis pirveli punqti adgens, rom “saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xel-Sekruleba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis ganuyofeli nawilia”.

aqedan gamomdinare (saqarTvelos, rogorc evrokonvenciis monawile saxelmwifos), sasamarTloebi evropul konvencias unda iyenebdnen, rogorc saqmis gadawyvetis samarTlebriv safuZvels.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba adgens: “Tu es kodeqsi da saqarTvelos sxva kanonebi ewinaaRmdege-bian saqarTvelos konstitucias an saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebsa da SeTanxmebebs, Sesabamisad, moqmedebs konsti-tucia an saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi da SeTanxmebebi”6.

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba adgens qveyanaSi moqmedi norma-tiuli aqtebis ierarqias. “normatiuli aqtebis Sesaxeb” saqarT-velos kanonis Tanaxmad, iuridiuli Zalis mixedviT dadgenilia normatiuli aqtebis Semdegi ierarqia:7

a) saqarTvelos konstitucia, saqarTvelos konstituciuri kanoni;b) saqarTvelos konstituciuri SeTanxmeba;g) saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba da SeTanxmeba;d) saqarTvelos organuli kanoni;e) saqarTvelos kanoni, saqarTvelos parlamentis reglamenti,saqarTvelos prezidentis dekreti;v) saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebuleba;z) saqarTvelos sxva normatiuli aqtebi. saqarTvelom aRiara evropuli konvencia Sidakanonmdeblobis

nawilad da mas eniWeba gansakuTrebuli ierarqiuli adgili qvey-anaSi moqmed normatiul aqtebs Soris. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblo-biT, evropul konvencias, rogorc saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas,

4 1996 wlis 29 oqtomberi;5 1997 wlis 16 oqtomberi;6 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 2, II punqti.7 saqarTvelos kanoni normatiuli aqtebis Sesaxeb, muxli 19, I punqti;

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ufro maRali ierarqiuli adgili ukavia, vidre Sidasaxelmwifoe-briv normatiul aqtebs, magram ufro dabali, vidre saqarTvelos konstituciasa da konstituciur SeTanxmebas.

Tu saerTo sasamarTloebSi konkretuli saqmis ganxilvisas dadgeba evropul konvencias da saqarTvelos Sidasaxelmwifoebriv normatiul aqts, magaliTad kanons, Soris Seusabamobis sakiTxi, saqarTvelos sasamarTloebs araferi abrkolebT, gamoiyenon ada-mianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia.

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia gaxda saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis nawili, normatiuli aqti, rom-lis safuZvelzec SeiZleba gadawydes sasamarTlo saqme. evropuli konvenciis roli saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi ganisazRvra rogorc saqarTvelos konstituciiT, ise zemoT xsenebuli sxva Si-dasaxelmwifoebrivi normatiuli aqtebiT.

garda xsenebuli normatiuli aqtebisa, romlebmac zogadad gan-sazRvres saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebaTa roli saqarTvelos ka-nonmdeblobaSi, miRebulia ramdenime normatiuli aqti, romlebic uSualod dakavSirebulia saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebaTa, maT So-ris evropuli konvenciis, gamoyenebasTan saqarTvelos sasamarT-loebis mier.

saqarTvelos organuli kanoni “saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb” iTvaliswinebs, rom “mosamarTle Tavis saqmianobaSi damoukidebelia, emorCileba mxolod saqarTvelos konstitucias, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas da kanons”8.

kanonis am normis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, mosamarTle, saqarT-veloSi moqmed sxva normatiul aqtebTan erTad, unda daemorCilos evropul konvencias, rogorc saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSek-rulebas da sasamarTlo saqmis gadawyvetisas, evrokonvenciiT ix-elmZRvanelos rogorc saqarTvelos normatiuli aqtiT.

1997 wlis 3 ivniss saqarTvelos prezidentis mier miRebul iqna brZanebuleba “saqarTveloSi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis ganmtkice-bis RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb”, romliTac saqarTvelos uzenaes sa-samarTlos eTxova, “uzrunvelyos saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis mier adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso-samarTlebrivi normebisaqtiurad gamoyeneba saqarTvelos konstituciis me-6 muxlis me-2 punqtis da me-7 muxlebis Sesabamisad.9” Tumca 2002 wlis 29 ianvris brZanebulebiT, saqarTvelos prezidentma Zaladakargulad ga-moacxada zemoaRniSnuli brZanebuleba masSi gansazRvrul davale-bebis SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT.10 ar iqneba xmamaRali naTqvami,

8 saqarTvelos organuli kanoni “saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb”, muxli 7, I punqti;9 saqarTvelos prezidentis 1997 wlis 3 ivnisis @#284 brZanebuleba, punqti 9;10 saqarTvelos prezidentis 2002 wlis 29 ianvris #27 brZanebuleba, I punqti;

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Tu vityviT, rom zemoaRniSnuli brZanebulebis Zaladakargulad ga-mocxadeba saqarTveloSi jer kidev naadrevia.

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis saqarTvelos norma-tiul aqtad aRiarebis faqti, TavisTavad ar aris sakmarisi imisaT-vis, rom damkvidrdes konvenciis gamoyenebis praqtika sasamarT-loebsa da administraciuli organoebis saqmianobaSi. marTalia, sa-kanonmdeblo doneze gadadgmuli nabijebi qmnis samarTlebriv sa-fuZvels evrokonvenciis erovnul doneze gamosayeneblad, magram is SeiZleba ver CaiTvalos gamoyenebis garantad. sakanonmdeblo doneze gatarebuli RonisZiebebis garda, aucilebelia gadaidgaspraqtikuli nabijebi sasamarTlo saqmeebis ganxilvis dros evro-puli konvenciis gamoyenebis praqtikis dasamkvidreblad. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom praqtikulad yvela qveyanas, sadac erovnuli sasamarT-loebi amJamad regularulad iyeneben adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvencias, dasWirda garkveuli dro evropuli konvenciis gamoyene-bis praqtikis dasamkvidreblad.

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasasamarTlo, romelic funqcion-irebs 1996 wlidan, am droidan moyolebuli iyenebs saerTaSoriso aqtebs. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlo, saerTo sasamarT-loebTan SedarebiT, gacilebiT aqtiurad iyenebs adamianis ufle-baTa evropul konvencias.

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mier saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi gansakuTrebiT unda iqnes gamoyenebuli. sakonsti-tucio sasamarTlom, rogorc konstituciuri kontrolis sa-samarTlo organom, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebis gamoyenebiTunda uzrunvelyos saqarTvelos konstituciisa da sxva Sidasaxelm-wifoebrivi normatiuli aqtebis swori ganmarteba.

praqtikaSi aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac procesis mxarem Tavisi poziciis dasasabuTeblad gamoiyena adamianis uflebaTa da Tavisu-flebaTa dacvis evropuli konvencia. sasamarTlom saqmis gadawyve-taSi ixelmZRvanela am xelSekrulebiT da Tavis saboloo gadawy-vetilebaSi pirdapir miuTiTa evrokonvenciaze.

saqmeSi “Sps” uniservisi saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg, saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT arakonstituciurad cno sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis normebi saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis I punqtTan mimarTe-baSi. sadao normebis Tanaxmad, sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catarebas-Tan dakavSirebiT mosamarTlis mier gacemuli brZaneba da gamo-tanili dadgenileba ar saCivrdeboda. saproceso kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, mosarCeles ar hqonda ufleba aRniSnuli brZanebis ka-nonierebis dasadgenad miemarTa sasamarTlosaTvis da daecva Tavisi kanonieri interesi. aRniSnul saqmeSi mosarCelis interesebs or-ganizacia “konstituciis 42-e muxlis” warmomadgenlebi icavdnen. KmosarCelis poziciis dasasabuTeblad, advokatebma gamoiyenes ev-ropuli konvencia da misi precedentuli samarTali. maTi ganmarte-

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biT, nebismieri piris ufleba, Tavis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dasacavad mimarTos sasamarTlos aRiarebuli da garantirebuli uflebaa ara mxolod qveynis Sida kanonmdeblobiT (saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis pirveli punqtiT), aramed adamianis ufle-baTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxliTac, romlis Tanaxmad, yovel adamians ufleba aqvs misi samoqalaqo uflebebis da movaleobebis gansazRvrisas an misdami wardgenili yovelgvari sisxlis samarTlis braldebis wardgenisas, iTxovos misaRebi vadis ganmavlobaSi, damoukidebeli da miumxrobeli sa-samarTlos mier saqmis samarTlianad da sajarod ganxilva. aR-niSnulidan gamomdinare, advokatebma miuTiTes evrosasamarTlos im precedentebze, romlebic dakavSirebuli iyo gansaxilvel saqmesTan. kerZod, evrosasamarTlom saqmeze “alberi da le kompti belgiis winaaRmdeg” daadgina, rom me-6 muxlis I punqti, samarTliani sa-samarTlosadmi mimarTvis ufleba ara mxolod im samarTalwarmoe-baSi gamoiyeneba, romelic ukve mimdinareobs, aramed mas SeiZleba daeyrdnos nebismieri, vinc Tvlis, rom misi Tundac erTi uflebis ganxorcielebaSi Carevac ki ukanonoa da gamoTqvams pretenzias, rom ar hqonda saSualeba miemarTa sasamarTlosaTvis sarCeliT. Aaseve saqmeze “golderi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg” evropis sa-samarTlom ganmarta, sasamarTlosadmi mimarTva SeuZlia yvelas, vinc Tvlis, rom misi uflebis xelyofa ukanonoa da gamoxatavs uk-mayofilebas, rom mas ar hqonda SesaZlebloba miemarTa iseTi sa-samarTlosaTvis, romelic pasuxobs evropuli konvenciis me-6 mux-lis I punqtis moTxovnebs. sasamarTlom aseve daadgina, rom saxelm-wifos ar aqvs ufleba, SezRudos an aicilos sasamarTlo kon-troli garkveul sferoSi.

aRniSnul saqmeze saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawyvetileba saqarTvelos konstituciis, adamianis ufle-baTa evropuli konvenciisa da mis precedentul samarTalze dayrd-nobiT daasabuTa.

am saqmeSi sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ganmarta, rom evropis sabWos “adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis” 1950 wlis 4 noembris konvencia mxareebs aZlevs saSualebas, sakonstitucio sa-samarTlos winaSe TavianTi argumentebi gaamyaron evropuli konven-ciis normebiT. aRniSnuli vrceldeba agreTve adamianis uflebaTa evropuli komisiisa da evropuli sasamarTlos precedentul samar-Talze, romliTac dazustebulia evropuli konvenciiT gaTvalis-winebuli uflebebis Sinaarsi da moculoba11.

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom Tavisi araerTi gadawyvetileba daasabuTa saerTaSoriso aqtebsa da xelSekrule-

11 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos meore kolegiis gadawyvetileba #2/6/264, “Sps” uniservisi saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmedeg, 2004 wlis 21 dekemberi;

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bebze dayrdnobiT12. sakonstitucio sasamarTlos praqtikaSi arse-bobs saqmeebi, rodesac procesis mxarem Tavisi pozicia daasabuTa saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiT, sasamarTlom ki am saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT ixelmZRvanela saqmis gadawyvetisas.

advokatebs mniSvnelovani roli eniWebaT erovnuli sasamarT-loebis mier adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis gamoyenebissakiTxi. erovnuli sasamarTloebis winaSe, advokatis mier gamo-yenebuli unda iyos ara mxolod evropuli konvencia, aramed evro-puli sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTali. saerTaSoriso norme-bisa da precedentuli samarTlis gamoyenebiT advokatis pozicia bevrad damajerebeli da argumentirebuli iqneba. Ggarkveul SemTxvevebSi, swored evrokonvenciisa da evropis sasamarTlos pre-cedentis gamoyenebiT SeuZlia advokats aSkara gaxados sasamarT-losaTvis, rom precedentiT dadgenili standarti ufro maRali xarisxiT icavs pirs. advokats aseve SeuZlia konkretuli preceden-tiT daadasturos, rogor ganmarta da gadawyvita evropulma sa-samarTlom msgavsi saqme.

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konven-cia saqarTvelos normatiuli aqtia, procesis mxareebi Tavisufalni arian daeyrdnon mas sasamarTlo saqmis ganxilvis dros. Mmxareebs ufleba aqvT, evropuli konvenciisa da evropis sasamarTlos prece-dentebis safuZvelze daasabuTon TavianTi pozicia da amtkicon, rom dairRva maTTvis konvenciiT miniWebuli uflebebi. amdenad, ev-ropuli konvenciis gamoyenebis iniciatori SeiZleba iyos procesis mxarec.

miuxedavad zemoaRniSnulisa, arsebobs principi jura novit curia (pre-zumfcia, rom sasamarTlom icis kanonebi), romlis Tanaxmad, sa-samarTlo ar aris damokidebuli mxolod mxareTa poziciaze, Tu romeli samarTlebrivi aqti unda iqnes gamoyenebuli sasamarTlo saqmis gadasawyvetad. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daeyrdnos normatiul aqts, romelsac ar iSveliebs procesis mxare. amdenad, sasamarTlo ar aris srulad damokidebuli mxaris mier moyvanil normatiul aqtze.

sasamarTlos aqtiurobis xarisxi iseTi normatiuli aqtis gamo-yenebisaTvis, rogoric aris evropuli konvencia, gansxvavdeba imis mixedviT, ganixileba sisxlis samarTlis Tu samoqalaqo/administra-

12 gadawyvetileba, saqme “saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi: (1) baWua gaCeCilaZe, simon TurvandiSvili, SoTa buaZe, solomon sanadiraZe da levan qvacbaia, (2) vladimer doborjginiZe, nineli andriaZe, guram demetraSvili da SoTa papiaSvili, (3) givi donaZe saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg” 2002w; gan-Cineba, saqme “moqalaqe Salva mgelaZe saqarTvelos parlamentis wi-naaRmdeg”2002w; gadawyvetileba, saqme “saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi: firuz be-riaSvili, revaz jimSeriSvili da saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli saqarT-velos parlamentis winaaRmdeg 2003w”; da sxv.

13

ciuli saqme. sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvis dros, miuxedavad imisa, eyrdnoba Tu ara gansasjeli adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencias Tavisi poziciis marTebulobis dasasabuTeblad, sa-samarTlos aqvs ara mxolod ufleba, aramed ekisreba valdebule-bac, gamoiyenos evropuli konvencia sasamarTlo saqmis gadasawyve-tad, Tu Tvlis, rom konvenciis gamoyeneba xels Seuwyobs saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenas.

rac Seexeba samoqalaqo saqmes, sasamarTlos roli nawilobriv gansxvavdeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi sasamarTlos rolisagan. sasamarTlo SedarebiT pasiur rols asrulebs samarTalwarmoebis procesSi. igi mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli mxareebis argumen-tebze.

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad, “mxareebi sargebloben Tanabari uflebebiTa da SesaZleblobebiT, daasabuTon TavianTi moTxovnebi, uaryon an gaaqarwylon meore mxaris mier wamo-yenebuli moTxovnebi, mosazrebebi Tu mtkicebulebebi. Mmxareebi TviTon gansazRvraven, Tu romeli faqtebi unda daedos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebs an romeli mtkicebulebebiT unda iqnes dadasture-buli es faqtebi”13. Tumca, sasamarTlos SedarebiT pasiuri roli ar unda iqnes imgvarad gagebuli, TiTqos sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia ev-rokonvenciis gamoyeneba, radgan mxare ar daeyrdno konvencias.

13 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodesi, muxli 4, naw. I, 1997 w.

14

ramodenime nimuSirogor gamoviyenoT evropuli konvencia daprecedentuli samarTali sasamarTlosa da

administraciul organoebSi

vfiqrobT, qvemoT mocemuli nimuSebi daxmarebas gauwevenpraqtikos advokatebs, rogor moamzadon sarCeli, gancxadeba, saCivari Tu Suamdgomloba evropul konvenciaze dayrdnobiT.

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia 1999 wels gaxda saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis nawili, normatiuli aqti, romlis safuZvelzec SeiZleba gadawydes sasamarTlo saqme.

evrokonvenciis me-2 muxlis gamoyenebaevropuli konvenciis me-2 muxli icavs sicocxlis uflebas. Aam

muxlis mixedviT:1. yoveli adamianis sicocxlis ufleba kanoniT aris daculi.

Aaravis sicocxle ar SeiZleba ganzrax iyos xelyofili. sicocxlis xelyofa dasaSvebia mxolod sasamarTlos mier gamo-tanili sasikvdilo ganaCenis aRsrulebis Sedegad, iseTi danaSau-lis CadenisaTvis, romlisTvisac kanoni iTvaliswinebs am sasjels.

2. sicocxlis xelyofa ar CaiTvleba am muxlis sawinaaRmdegod Cadenil qmedebad, Tu is Sedegad mohyva Zalis gamoyenebas, romelic absolutur aucileblobas warmoadgenda:

a) nebismieri piris dasacavad aramarTlzomieri Zaladobisagan;b) kanonieri dakavebisaTvis an kanonierad dapatimrebuli piris

gaqcevis aRsakveTad;c) kanonier RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebisas ajanyebis an amboxe-

bis CasaxSobad. unda aRiniSnos, rom 2002 wlis 3 maiss saqarTvelom xeli moaw-

era me-13 oqms, romelic sruliad auqmebs sikvdiliT dasjas, anu sasjelis am zomis gamoyeneba aRar daiSveba arc erT pirobebSi.mniSvnelovania is garemoeba, rom nebismieri saxelmwifo, romelsac surs gaxdes evropis sabWos wevri, valdebulia xeli moaweros me-13 oqms, romliTac adasturebs rom sikvdiliT dasja am qveyanaSi gamoricxuli iqneba.

aRniSnuli muxlis mniSvnelobaze xazgasmiT miuTiTebs adamianisuflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTali, ro-melic upiratesobas aniWebs me-2 muxls, rogorc konvenciis erT-erT ZiriTad debulebas. Ees muxli icavs sicocxlis uflebas, romlis gareSec nebismieri sxva uflebis ganxorcileba yovelgvar azrs moklebulia14.

evropuli konvenciis me-2 muxli avaldebulebs saxelmwifos, aramarto Tavi Seikavos sicocxlis ganzrax da ukanono xelyofisagan,

14 Pretty v. the United Kingdom, 29 April, 2002

15

aramed miiRos Sesabamisi zomebi Tavis iurisdiqciaSi myofi pirebis sicocxlis uzrunvelsayofad. aRniSnuli mizani avaldebulebs sax-elmwifos, Tavi Seikavos Tavisi warmomadgenlebis mier Cadenili ganzraxi da gaumarTlebeli mkvlelobebisagan, aseve miiRos Sesa-bamisi zomebi sicocxlis xelyofis Tavidan asacileblad da efeqturad gamoiZios mkvlelobis SemTxvevebi.

saxelmwifos pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi me-2 muxlis darRvevisaT-vis dgeba ara marto maSin, rodesac mkvleloba xelisuflebis or-ganoebma Caidines, aramed maSinac, rodesac maT ver uzrunvelyves mkvlelobamde piris saTanado dacva, an saTanadod ver Caatares ga-moZieba, romelic naTels mohfenda mkvlelobis faqts.

rogorc me-2 muxlis Sinaarsidan Cans, garkveul SemTxvevebSi,sicocxlis warTmeva SeiZleba gamarTlebul iqnas, Tumca amisaTvis unda dadgindes, rom Zalis gamoyeneba aucilebeli iyo im miznebis misaRwevad, rac am muxlis me-2 punqtSia CamoTvlili. am miznebismiRwevac ki krZalavs xelisuflebis mxridan nebismieri arasaWiro da arasavaldebulo Zalis gamoyenebas, romelsac Sedegad sicocxlis xelyofa mohyveba.

samwuxarod, ukanaskneli periodis manZilze, saqarTveloSi araerTi SemTxveva dafiqsirda, rodesac adgili hqonda xelisu-flebis warmomadgenelTa mxridan sicocxlis xelyofas da Zalis gamiznul gamoyenebas. Mmsgavs saqmeebSi sagamoZiebo organoebs, rogorc wesi, gamoaqvT dadgenileba sisxlis samarTlis saqmis Sewy-vetis Sesaxeb, braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi misacemi pirebis gardacvalebis gamo.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba, mar-Talia, iTvaliswinebs aseTi dadgenilebebis gasaCivrebis wess, ma-gram gacilebiT efeqturi da Sedegis momtani iqneba, Tu advokati,am dadgenilebis gasaCivrebis dros, Sidakanonmdeblobis normebTan erTad daeyrdnoba evropul konvencias da mis precedentul samar-Tals, es ki mis pozicias ufro damajerebels da argumentirebuls gaxdis.

16

nimuSi

goris raionul sasamarTlossaqarTvelos moqalaqeebis ..............................................................................misamarTi ..................................................................................................................advokatis: ................................................................................................................

s a C i v a r i

2005 wlis 25 dekembers goris raionulma prokurorma gamoitana dadgenileba sisxlis samarTlis #25/987 saqmis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi misacemi pirebis gardacvalebis gamo. migvaCnia, rom aRniSnuli dadgenileba ukanonoa da is unda gauqmdes Semdeg garemoebaTa gamo:

dadgenilebis mixedviT, 2005 wlis 19 seqtembers goris Sss sam-marTveloSi aRiZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme #25/987 X-is da Y- isgardacvalebis faqtze. danaSauli gaTvaliswinebuli ssk 19-109 mux-lis “a”, “g” qvepunqtebiT, 236-e muxlis I, II, III nawilebiT da 353-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT. 2005 wlis 19 seqtembers goris Sss sammarT-veloSi miiRes informacia, rom danaSaulebrivi jgufis wevrebi, mi-malvaSi myofi X da Y, sxvadasxva cecxlsasroli iaraRiT SeiaraRe-bulni, savaraudod iyvnen goris raionis teritoriaze mdebare erT-erT mitovebul saxlSi. informaciis miRebis Semdeg, goris Sss sam-marTveloSi Sedga ZebnilTa dasakaveblad gasatarebel RonisZie-baTa gegma, Seiqmna operatiuli jgufi. aRniSnuli jgufi imave dRes,daaxloebiT 18 saaTze mivida zemoaRniSnul teritoriaze, im mi-tovebul qoxTan, romelic dakavebuli hqondaT Zebnilebs. policiis TanamSromlebma mosTxoves Zebnilebs danebebodnen da CaebarebinaT cecxlsasroli iaraRebi. X da Y gamovardnen saxlidan. policiis muSakebma moaxdines haerSi gamafrTxilebeli gasrola da kvlavmouwodes danebebisaken, ris Semdegac X Seecada `rgd-5” tipis xe-lyumbaris sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi moyvanas. operatiuli jgufis wevrebma, rogorc aucilebeli mogeriebis mdgomareobaSi myofebma, gaxsnes sapasuxo cecxli, ris Sedegadac X da Y adgilze iyvnen likvidirebulni.

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze winaswari gamoZieba mimdinareobda sssk me-18 muxlis moTxovnaTa darRveviT, saqmeze ar Catarebula yovelmxrivi srulyofili da obieqturi gamoZieba, kerZod:

saqmeze dazaralebulad cnobil policiis muSakTa dakiTxva wi-naswari gamoZiebis mier nawarmoebi iqna zereled ar dadgenila konkretulad vin ra mimarTulebiT da ramdenjer isrola cecxlsas-roli iaraRi, ratom gaxda aucilebeli Zebnili pirebis likvidacia, xom ar iyo gadacilebuli aucilebeli mogeriebis farglebi. ratom ver iqna amoRebuli SemTxvevis adgilidan policiis TanamSromelTa

17

mier gasrolili vaznebis verc erTi masra an tyvia; xom ar moxda policielTa mxridan X-is da Y-is likvidaciis Semdeg masrebisa da tyviebis akrefa.

winaswari gamoZiebis mier saerTod ar gamokvleula X-is da Y-isdedis gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom policiis TanamSromelTa mxri-dan misi Svilebis likvidacia moxda ara damnaSavis SepyrobisaTvis aucilebeli zomebis gadacilebis gareSe, aramed winaswari ganzrax-viT. gamoZiebis daskvnaSi saerTod araa ganxiluli alternatiuli eqspertizis daskvna. winaswari gamoZiebis etapze, procesis mwar-moebeli organos mier ugulvebelyofili iyo X-is da Y-is dedis uflebebi. winaswari gamoZieba Sewyda (Tumca dadgenilebaSi araa miTiTeba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Sesabamis muxlzesssk 28-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `b” qvepunqti, romlis safuZvelze Sewyda saqme). gamoZiebas ar hqonia mcdeloba gaerkvia, xom ar iyo saWiro saqmis gagrZeleba gardacvlilTa reabilitaciisaTvis.

sagamoZiebo organoebma, saqmis gamoZiebisas daarRvies rogorc saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis normebi, aseve adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-2 muxli (sicocxlis ufleba).

saqmeSi “kelli da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg”, sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom gamoZiebisas daSvebuli nebismieri Sec-doma, romelic Zirs uTxris gamoZiebis SesaZleblobas, raTa dadg-indes saqmis garemoebebi an pasuxismgebeli piri, pirdapir wi-naaRmdegobaSi modis efeqturobis moTxovnasTan, rac evropuli kon-venciis me-2 muxlis darRvevas warmoadgens.

evropuli konvenciis me-2 muxlis debulebis roli demokratiul sazogadoebaSi imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom sicocxlis xelyofis nebismieri faqti unda daeqvemdebaros Zalian frTxil da detalur gamokvlevas, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac xdeba Zalis gamiznuli gamoyeneba. sasamarTlom mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos ara mxolod im saxelmwifo moxeleTa qmedeba, romlebmac uSualod gamoiyenes Zala, aramed iseTi Tanmxlebi garemoebebic, rogoricaa sadavo qmedebaTa dagegmva da kontroli.

saqmeSi “makkeni da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg” sa-samarTlo samarTaldamcavi organoebis qmedebas miudga swored am mkacri standartebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

gaerTianebuli samefos meomrebma gibraltarSi Caxoces sami pi-rovneba, romlebic iyvnen asafeTqebeli mowyobilobis speciali-stebi da adre nasamarTlevni asafeTqebeli nivTierebis gamoyenebas-Tan dakavSirebuli samarTaldarRvevebisaTvis. Mmkvlelobis dros,didi britaneTis xelisuflebam icoda, rom gibraltarSi unda ganxorcielebuliyo teroristuli aqti.

evropis sasamarTlom daadgina, rom meomrebs, miRebuli infor-maciis safuZvelze, pirnaTlad sjerodaT, rom maT unda esrolaT

18

eWvmitanilTaTvis, raTa am ukanasknelT ar aefeTqebinaT asafeTqe-beli mowyobiloba da amiT ar gomoewviaT mosaxleebis sikvdili. meomrebs sjerodaT, rom ufrosis brZanebis safuZvelze miRebuli zomebi absoluturad aucilebeli iyo udanaSaulo xalxis sicocxlis SesanarCuneblad. sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom saxelmwi-fos warmomadgenlebis mier Zalis gamoyeneba gamarTlebulia mxolod maSin, rodesac es RonisZieba nakarnaxevia saukeTeso mo-sazrebebiT, romelTa WeSmaritebac mocemul momentSi eWvs ar iwvevs da mxolod mogvianebiT aRmoCndeba mcdari. xazgasmulia, is gare-moeba, rom mxolod keTilsindisieri rwmena moqmedebaTa sisworisa ar aris sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom gamarTlebul iqnes piris mier Zalis gamoyeneba. rwmena unda iyos safuZvliani da dafuZnebuli im droisaTvis xelTarsebul informaciaze. sasamarTlom aRniSna: “Secdoma iyo is, rom meomrebi momzadebulni iyvnen momakvdinebeli srolisaTvis”. Aim naklovanebebis gamo, rac dakavSirebuli iyo ope-raciis arasaTanado kontrolTan da organizaciasTan, sasamarTlom darRveulad cno evrokonvenciis me-2 muxli.

amave saqmeSi sasamarTlom daadgina is principi, rac demok-ratiul sazogadoebaSi daculi unda iyos operaciaTa dagegmvisa da kontrolisas. kerZod, xelisuflebam ise unda dagegmos da akon-trolos operacia, rom minimumamde daiyvanos Zalis gamoyeneba, ro-melic SesaZloa sasikvdilo SedegiT dasruldes.

saqmeSi “naCova bulgareTis winaaRmdeg” (2005 w.) evropis sasamar-Tlom ganacxada, rom Zalian mniSvnelovania xelisuflebis swrafi da qmediTi pasuxi letaluri Zalis faqtebis gamoZiebisas, raTa sa-zogadoebas SeunarCundes rwmena, rom xelisufleba icavs kanonis uzenaesobas da ar gaaCndes mosazreba, TiTqos xelisufleba mxars uWers ukanono qmedebebs.

amave saqmeSi sasamarTlom ganmarta, sicocxlis uflebis dacvis valdebuleba (romelsac iTvaliswinebs konvenciis me-2 muxli) kon-venciis pirvel muxlTan erTad aRebuli ayalibebs saxelmwifoTa zogad valdebulebas, “TavianTi iurisdiqciis farglebSi uzrunve-lyon am konvenciis I TavSi gansazRvruli uflebebi da Tavisufle-bebi,” rac gulisxmobs, rom efeqtur oficialur gamoZiebas, rode-sac adamiani mokles Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegad. aseTi gamoZiebis ZiriTadi mizani unda iyos sicocxlis uflebasTan dakavSirebuli erovnuli kanonmdeblobis efeqturi ganxorcieleba, xolo im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqme Seexeba saxelmwifo organoebs an mox-eleebs, am pirTaTvis angariSvaldebulebis dakisrebis uzrunvely-ofa da sikvdilze pasuxismgebloba maT ekisrebaT.

“saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos organuli ka-nonis me-7 muxlis 1-li nawilis Tanaxmad, “mosamarTle Tavis saqmianobaSi damoukidebelia, emorCileba mxolod saqarTvelos kon-stitucias, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas, SeTanxmebas da kanons”.

19

yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare moviTxovT:1. saqarTvelos sssk 242-e muxlis 1-li nawilis `a” qvepunqtis

Tanaxmad, Cveni monawileobiT ganixiloT warmodgenili saCivari;2. gaauqmoT 2005 wlis 25 dekembris dadgenileba sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb;

advokati ...................................................................................................................

TariRi: .......................................................................................................................

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saqalaqo (raionuli) sasamarTlos mier ar dakmayofilda Tqveni saCivari sisxlis samarTlis saqmis Sewyvetis Taobaze, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblo-bis Tanaxmad, is SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio sasamarTloSi. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba sabolooa, romlis gamo-tanidan eqvsi Tvis vadaSi dazaralebuls SeuZlia mimarTos evropis sasamarTlos saCivriT evropuli konvenciis me-2 da me-13 muxlebis darRveulad cnobis moTxovniT.

20

evrokonvenciis me-3 muxlis gamoyenebaevropuli konvenciis me-3 muxli iTvaliswinebs wamebis akrZal-

vas. aRniSnuli muxlis Sesabamisad, aravin SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros wamebas, araadamianur an Rirsebis Semlaxvel mopyrobas an dasjas.

evropis sasamarTlom mravaljer ganmarta, rom me-3 muxli de-mokratiuli sazogadoebis erT-erT yvelaze fuZemdeblur faseulo-bas iTvaliswinebs. igi upirobod krZalavs wamebas, araadamianur Tu damamcirebel mopyrobasa Tu sasjels da misi garantiebi pirze misi gasakicxi saqcielis miuxedavad vrceldeba.15

Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi janmrTelobis dacvis kon-teqstSi evropulma komisiam da evropis sasamarTlom bevrjer aR-niSnes, rom adekvaturi samedicino mkurnalobis uzrunvelyofis ararseboba SesaZloa me-3 muxlis sawinaaRmdego iyos.16

nimuSiq. Tbilsis saqalaqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiasmosamarTle: ...................................................................................................................gansasjel: ......................................................................................................................advokatis: .......................................................................................................................

S u a m d g o m l o b a(aRkveTis RonisZiebis Secvlis Sesaxeb)

Tqvens warmoebaSia sisxlis samarTlis saqme #12/345 gansasjel X-is mimarT, romelsac brali edeba danaSaulSi, gaTvaliswinebuli ssk 239-e muxlis I da III nawilebiT da ssk 118-e muxlis II nawiliT.

2006 wlis 10 ivliss X-s q. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos mier aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT Seefarda patimroba. amJamad, is imyofeba q. Tbilisis #5 sapyrobileSi.

gansasjeli aris I jgufis invalidi, is daavadebulia ceroziT (“B”, “C”), saylapavi venebis varikoziT, rac dasturdeba Sesabamisi samedicino daskvnebiT.

gansasjelis janmrTelobis mdgomareoba dRiTi-dRe uaresdeba. Mmas Cautarda gamokvleva. Sesabamisi samedicino daskvnis safuZ-velze, avadmyofs esaWiroeba janmrTelobis gamokvleva. Aamave daskvnis Tanaxmad, jerjerobiT es gamokvleva ver moxerxdeba siste-maSi kvlevis am meTodebis ararsebobis gamo.

samedicino amonawerebi adastureben gansasjelis Zalzed mZime mdgomareobas da adgenen im utyuar garemoebas, rom X-is daavade-bulia mZime avadmyofobiT.

15 Ahmed v. Austria, 17 December, 1996; Chahal v. the United Kingdom, 14 November, 199616 Kotalla v. the Netherlands, 1998; Herzegfalvy v. Austria 24 September, 1992

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sssk-is 153 muxlis Tanaxmad, aRkveTis RonisZiebisa da misi konk-retuli saxis gamoyenebis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas prokurori da sa-samarTlo iTvaliswineben wardgenili braldebis simZimes, bralde-bulis pirovnebas, asaks, janmrTelobis mdgomareobas da sxva gare-moebebs.

gansasjelis ukiduresad mZime janmrTelobis mdgomareoba da sapyrobilis pirobebi safuZvelia imisa, rom X-is mimarT aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxed gamoyenebuli iqnes SedarebiT msubuqi xasiaTis aRkveTis RonisZieba. amasTan, sssk 159-e muxli adgens, rom aRkveTis RonisZiebad dapatimreba ar gamoiyeneba mZime avadmyofis mimarT.

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-3 muxli gansaz-Rvravs _ aravin ar unda daeqvemdebaros wamebas, araadamianur an Rirsebis Semlaxav mopyrobas an dasjas. mesame muxliT gansazRvruli piroba gamoxatavs demokratiuli sazogadoebis erT-erT fundamen-tur faseulobas. mesame muxli Seqmnilia upirvelesad piris fizi-kuri xelSeuxeblobis dasacavad. saxelmwifo xelisuflebis warmo-madgenlebi valdebulni arian, daicvan TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa janmrTeloba. saTanado samedicino meTvalyureobis ararseboba SeiZleba gaxdes me-3 muxlis sawinaamRdego mopyrobis safuZveli. am muxlis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo valdebulia, uzrunvelyos dakavebuli piris imgvar pirobebSi yofna, rac Seefereba misi adamianuri Rirse-bis pativiscemas da rom patimrobaSi myofi piris janmrTeloba da keTildReoba adekvaturadaa daculi imiT, rom mas uweven Sesabamis samedicino daxmarebas.

saqmeSi “museli safrangeTis winaaRmdeg” (2002 w.) msjavrdebul patimars ganuviTarda leikemia. daavadebam progresireba ganicada dakavebis periodSi. samedicino daskvnebi adastureben, rom mas esaWiroeboda seriozuli mkurnaloba. safrangeTis xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma ver miiRes specialuri zomebi am daskvnis Sesa-bamisad. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom adgilobrivma xelisuflebam daarRvia valdebuleba, uzrunveleyo patimari janmrTelobis dacvis saTanado pirobebiT. misi xangrZlivi dakaveba Seesabameboda misi Rirsebis damcirebas da mas miayenes tanjva daavadebis zerele mkur-nalobis gamo. Semdgom aRiniSna isic, rom misi janmrTelobis mdgo-mareobisa da sisustis gaTvaliswinebiT, araproporciuli iyo usa-frTxoebis moTxovnebi. ganmcxadebeli gaxda araadamianuri da damamcirebeli mopyrobis msxverpli, me-3 muxlis sawinaaRmdegod.

saqmeSi “makglinCi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg” (2003 w.) ganmcxadeblis qaliSvili cixeSi mZime mdgomareobaSi myofi miiy-vanes. mas esaWiroeboda samedicino daxmareba asTmisa da heroinis miRebiT gamowveuli Rebinebis gamo. xuTi dRis ganmavlobaSi xSirad sinjavdnen eqimebi, magram erTi kviris Tavze aRar mounaxulebiaT, ris Semdegac qaliSvili eqimma srul kolafsSi aRmoaCina da moaTavses saavadmyofoSi. qaliSvili veRar gamovida mdgomareobidan da gardaicvala daaxloebiT or kviraSi.

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evrosasamarTlom aRniSna, rom cixis mxridan, patimrisadmi da-mokidebulebaSi gamovlenil iqna darRveva, radgan ar moaTavses saavadmyofoSi saTanado mkurnalobis aRmoCenisaTvis, iqneboda es venuri gadasxmebi Tu zogadad kvalificiuri daxmareba Rebinebis dros. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom cixis administraciis mxridan,msxverplisadmi mopyroba Seesabameboda araadamianur da damamcire-bel mopyrobas, Sesabamisad, adgili hqonda konvenciis me-3 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebis darRvevas.

“saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos organuli ka-nonis me-7 muxlis pirveli punqti iTvaliswinebs, rom “mosamarTle Tavis saqmianobaSi damoukidebelia, emorCileba mxolod saqarT-velos konstitucias, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas, SeTanxmebas da kanons.” am debulebidan gamomdinareobs, rom mosamarTlem saqmis gadawyvetisas unda ixelmZRvanelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli normebiT.

yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare gTxovT: 1. miiRoT da ganixiloT aRniSnuli Suamdgomloba; 2. SecvaloT aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxe sssk 157-e muxlis II nawi-

lis safuZvelze, romlis Tanaxmadac, pirveli instanciis sasamarT-los Tavisi dadgenilebiT, saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvis stadiaze mxaris SuamdgomlobiT SeuZlia Secvalos aRkveTis RonisZieba;

3. aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxed SeufardoT nebismieri aRkveTi RonisZieba im saxiT, romelic ar iqneba dakavSirebuli patimrobas-Tan, vinaidan Tavidan iqnes acilebuli gansasjelis janmrTelobismdgomareobis kvlav gauareseba.

advokati ...................................................................................................................

TariRi: .......................................................................................................................

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Tqvens mier dayenebuli aRniSnuli tipis Suam-dgomloba ar dakmayofilda, es SeiZleba CaiTvalos Sida instancie-bis amowurvad da, Sesabamisad, Tqven SegiZliaT mimarToT evropis sasamarTlos saCivriT evrokonvenciis me-3 da me-13 muxlebis darRveulad cnobis moTxovniT.

evrokonvenciis me-13 muxli iTvaliswinebs samarTlebrivi dacvis efeqtiani saSualebis uflebas. am muxlis Tanaxmad:

“yvelas, visac daerRva am konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli ufle-bebi da Tavisuflebebi, unda hqondes samarTlebrivi dacvis efeqti-ani saSualeba erovnuli xelisuflebisagan, Tundac es darRveva Caidinos pirma, romelic samsaxurebriv uflebamosilebas axor-cielebda”.

evrosasamarTlom aRniSna, rom me-13 muxliT gansazRvruli moTxovna, rom pirs, romelsac gaaCnia safuZvliani pretenzia mis mi-marT me-3 muxlis darRvevis Sesaxeb, unda mieniWos efeqturi dacvis

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saSualeba, niSnavs or rames: 1. iyos momCivani da 2. gaaCndes au-cilebeli proceduruli garantiebi saxelmwifo moxeleTa ukanono-bis winaaRmdeg. saSualeba unda iyos “efeqturi” rogorc praqtikaSi, aseve sakanonmdeblo TvalsazrisiT da gansakuTrebiT im mniSvnelo-bis, rom misi gamoyeneba ar aRmoCndes gaumarTlebeli, raTa xeli ar SeuSalos mopasuxe saxelmwifos moxeleTa aqtebma an daudevrobam.17

garda amisa, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos regla-menti iTvaliswinebs (Interim measures) droebiTi RonisZiebebis gatare-bas. kerZod, sasamarTlos reglamentis 39-e muxlis I punqtis Tanax-mad:

“palatas an, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, mis Tavmjdomares SeuZlia mxaris an nebismieri Sesabamisi piris moTxovniT an sakuTari ini-ciativiT miuTiTos mxareebs nebismieri droebiTi RonisZieba, rom-lis gamoyenebasac igi gadawyvets mxareTa interesebidan gamomdinare an samarTalwarmoebis saTanadod ganxorcielebis mizniT.”Aamave muxlis me-3 punqtis Tanaxmad, palatas SeuZlia mosTxovos mxareebs informacia nebismier iseT sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, romelic exeba palatis mier miTiTebuli droebiTi RonisZiebis ganxorcielebas.

aqedan gamomdinare, ganmcxadebels SeuZlia am muxlis safuZ-velze mimarTos evropis sasamarTlos, raTa sasamarTlom miiRos droebiTi RonisZieba. mag., patimari gadayvanil iqnes iseT pirobebSi, romelic mis janmrTelobis mdgomareobas Seesabameba.

“molaSvili saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg” saqmesTan dakavSirebiT, 2006 wlis TebervalSi evropis sasamarTlom ganmcxadeblis advo-katis moTxovnis safuZvelze daavaldebula saqarTvelos saxelm-wifo, ganmcxadebeli, misi mZime janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo,gadaeyvana cixis saavadmyofoSi.

17 Aidin v. Turkey,1997

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evrokonvenciis me-5 muxlis gamoyeneba

evropuli konvenciis me-5 muxli icavs Tavisuflebisa da xel-Seuxeblobis uflebas. aRniSnuli muxlis Tanaxmad:

1. yvelas aqvs Tavisuflebisa da piradi xelSeuxeblobis ufleba. Aaravis SeiZleba aRekveTos Tavisufleba, garda Semdegi SemTxvevebisa da kanoniT gansazRvruli proceduris Sesabamisad, esenia:

a) uflebamosili sasamarTlos mier msjavrdebuli piris kanoni-eri dapatimreba;

b) piris kanonieri dakaveba an dapatimreba kanonis Sesabamisad gacemuli sasamarTlos brZanebis SeusruleblobisaTvis an kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli nebismieri valdebulebis Sesrulebis uzrunvel-sayofad;

c) piris kanonieri dakaveba an dapatimreba uflebamosili sa-samarTlo organos winaSe mis warsadgenad, rodesac arsebobs samarTaldarRvevis Cadenis safuZvliani eWvi, an safuZvlad aris miCneuli piris mier samarTaldarRvevis Cadenis Tu misi Cadenis Semdeg mimalvis aRkveTis aucilebloba;

d) arasrulwlovanis dapatimreba kanonieri brZanebis safuZvelze masze aRmzrdelobiTi zedamxedvelobisaTvis an misi kanonieri da-patimreba uflebamosili sasamarTlo organos winaSe mis war-sadgenad;

e) pirTa kanonieri dapatimreba infeqciur daavadebaTa gavr-celebis Tavidan asacileblad, an suliT avadmyofebis, alkoho-likebis, narkomanebisa Tu mawanwalebis kanonieri dapatimreba;

v) piris kanonieri dakaveba an dapatimreba qveyanaSi misi une-barTvod Sesvlis aRsakveTad, an im piris dakaveba Tu dapatimreba, romlis winaaRmdegadac xorcieldeba RonisZiebebi deportaciisa Tu eqstradiciis mizniT.

2. yvela dakavebul pirs misTvis gasageb enaze dauyovnebliv unda ecnobos misi dakavebis mizezebi da misTvis wayenebuli yvela braldeba.

3. am muxlis I c punqtis debulebebis Tanaxmad, dakavebuli an dapatimrebuli yvela piri dauyovnebliv unda waredginos mo-samarTles an sasamarTlo xelisuflebis ganxorcielebisaTvis ka-noniT uflebamosil sxva moxeles da mas ufleba unda hqondes, misi saqme ganixilos sasamarTlom gonivrul vadaSi, an gaTavisufldes saqmis ganxilvis ganmavlobaSi. gaTavisufleba SeiZleba uzrunvely-ofil iqnes sasamarTlo procesze gamocxadebis garantiebiT.

4. yvelas, visac dakavebiT an dapatimrebiT aRekveTa Tavisu-fleba, ufleba aqvs, mimarTos sasamarTlos, romelic swrafad ganixilavs misi dapatimrebis marTlzomierebis sakiTxs da gamo-scems brZanebas misi gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, Tu dapatimreba ar aris kanonieri.

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5. yvelas, vinc aris dakavebis an dapatimrebis msxverpli am muxlis debulebaTa darRvevis gamo, aqvs kompensaciis miRebis ufleba.

saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxli adgens, rom adamianis Tavisufleba xelSeuvalia. Ees muxli aseve adgens TavisuflebaSez-Ruduli piris TviTnebobisagan dacvis fuZemdeblur garantiebs.

saqmeSi “asaniZe saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg” evrosasamarTlom aR-niSna: “me-5 muxlis debulebebi moiTxovs, rom patimroba ganxor-cieldes “kanoniT gansazRvruli wesis Sesabamisad” da rom erov-nuli sasamarTloebis mier me-5 muxlis moqmedebis sferoSi gamo-tanili nebismieri gadawyvetileba Seesabamebodes Tavisuflebis aRkveTis droisaTvis moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrul proce-sualur da materialur moTxovnebs”. winamdebare saqmeSi ganmcxade-beli dakavebuli iyo aWaris xelisuflebis organoebis mier me-5 muxlis I “g” punqtSi gansazRvruli miznebisaTvis, Tumca xsenebuli situacia dasrulda 2001 wlis 29 ianvars saqarTvelos uzenaesi sa-samarTlos mier ganmcxadeblis gamarTlebiT. sasamarTlom asaniZis dauyovnebliv gaTavisufleba brZana. miuxedavad imisa, rom asaniZis Semdgom patimrobasTan dakavSirebiT raime brZaneba ar yofila ga-mocemuli, is mainc patimrobaSi darCa. 2001 wlis 29 ianvris Semdeg ar arsebobda asaniZisaTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis samarTlebrivi safuZveli. sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom ganmcxadeblis patimroba ar SeiZleba gamarTlebuli iqnes konvenciis me-5 muxlis I punqtis ro-melime qvepunqtiT da aqve ganmarta, rom adamianis ganusazRvreli da ganuWvreteli vadiT patimroba, romelic ar emyareba kanoniT gaT-valiswinebul normebs an sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas, Seusabamoa samarTlebrivi gamWvirvalobis principTan, TviTneburia da ewi-naaRmdegeba kanonis uzenaesobis fundamentur aspeqtebs. Sesabamisad,sasamarTlom daadgina, rom 2001 wlis 29 ianvris Semdeg ganmcxa-deblis patimroba TviTneburi iyo, rac ewinaaRmdegeba konvenciis me-5 muxlis I punqtis debulebebs. Aamave gadawyvetilebaSi sasamarT-lom aRniSna, rom daujerebelia is faqti, rom saxelmwifoSi, ro-melic eqvemdebareba kanonis uzenaesobas, grZeldebodes adamiani-saTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, miuxedavad gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos brZanebisa.18

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, evropuli konvenciis me-5 muxli iTval-iswinebs SemTxvevebs, rodesac pirs SeiZleba SeezRudos Tavisu-fleba. Aam muxlis I nawilSi moyvanili Tavisuflebis SezRudvis SemTxvevebi warmoadgens amomwurav CamonaTvals, rodesac pirs SeiZleba SeezRudos Tavisufleba.

saqarTvelos realobidan gamomdinare, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia yuradReba gavamaxviloT evrokonvenciis me-5 muxlis I punqtis “g”

18 asaniZe saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg, 24 marti, 2004w.

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qvepunqtze. Aam punqtSi mocemuli pirobis Tanaxmad, saWiroa go-nivruli eWvis arseboba imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom adamianma, ro-melsac aRekveTeba Tavisufleba, Caidina danaSauli. aRniSnuli de-buleba uzrunvelyofs, rom Tavisuflebis aRkveTa ganxorcieldes mxolod maSin, rodesac eWvi safuZvliania da, Sesabamisad, Tavisu-flebis aRkveTa ar aris TviTneburi. eWvi yovelTvis sinamdvileSi unda arsebobdes. Eevropulma sasamarTlom saqmeSi “miurei gaerTi-anebuli samefos winaaRmdeg” xazi gausva im garemoebas, rom eWvis samarTlianoba misi gonivrulobis ganuyofel elements Seadgens, magram eWvi gonivrulad mxolod maSin SeiZleba CaiTvalos, roca igi piris mier savaraudo danaSaulis CadenasTan obieqturad makavSirebel faqtebsa da informacias efuZneba. amisaTvis, unda arsebobdes qmedebis damamtkicebeli garemoebebi, romelic Sesabamis pirs amxels danaSaulis CadenaSi.19 ase rom, Tavisuflebis aRkveTa ar SeiZleba efuZnebodes grZnobebs, intuicias Tu winaswar-Camoyalibebul Sexedulebebs, ramdenad damajerebladac ar unda metyvelebdes piris mier danaSaulis Cadenaze. saqarTvelos si-namdvileSi xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac sasamarTloebis mier aRk-veTi RonisZiebis _ patimrobis gamoyeneba xdeba mxolod da mxolod prokuroris sityvieri ganmartebis safuZvelze da is xSirad ar em-yareba im saxis gonivrul eWvs, romelsac evropuli konvencia da misi precedentuli samarTali iTvaliswinebs.

me-5 muxlis I punqtis Tanaxmad, aRkveTis uflebamosilebis daS-veba sisxlis samarTlis kanonis aRsrulebasTan aris dakavSirebuli da misi gamoyeneba calkeul konkretul danaSaulTa Tavidan asac-ileblad unda iyos momarTuli. aseTi mizani naTlad moiTxovs garkveulwilad dakonkretebas, Tu ra qmedebas ganaxorcielebs savaraudod piri da mosalodnelia Tu ara aRniSnulis ganxor-cieleba uaxloes momavalSi. evrosasamarTlom saqmeSi “Ciula italiis winaaRmdeg” ganmarta, rom me-5 muxlis I punqtis “g” qvepun-qtis safuZvelze Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, rogorc aRkveTis Ron-isZieba, SeiZleba gamarTldes mxolod maSin, Tu igi konkretuli danaSaulis Tavidan asacileblad aris mimarTuli.20

evropis sasamarTlom daadgina oTxi garemoeba, romelTa drosac SesaZlebelia adamianisaTvis winaswari patimrobis vadis gagrZe-leba, rodesac kvlav arsebobs mis mier danaSaulis Cadenis go-nivruli eWvi21. aRniSnuli garemoebebia: piris mimalvis safrTxe;

19 Mmiurei gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg;20 Ciulla v. Italy21 piris winaaRmdeg warmoebuli saqmis sirTule SesaZlebelia mxedvelobaSi iqnes miRebuli, magram mxolod es patimrobis vadis gagrZelebisaTvis sak-marisi ar aris. ix. “kemaSi safrangeTis winaaRmdeg”, 1991 wlis 27 noemberi; aseve “mansuri TurqeTis winaaRmdeg” da “iagci da sargini TurqeTis wina-aRmdeg”, 1995 wlis 8 ivnisi.

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marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi Carevis safrTxe; danaSaulis aRkveTis aucilebloba; sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacvis aucile-bloba.

arsebiTia, rom aRniSnuli garemoebebidan arc erTi ar unda iqnes gamoyenebuli patimrobis xangrZlivobis dasasabuTeblad, Tu Tavdapirvelad ar moxdeba jerovani da amomwuravi ganxilva imisa, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba es garemoeba piris konkretul mdgomareo-bas. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia piris gaTavisuflebis moTxovna me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis safuZvelze. saqmeSi “trzaska poloneTis winaaRmdeg” evropulma sasamarTlom samarTlianad ar CaTvala mTavrobis mier warmodgenili argumenti imasTan dakavSire-biT, rom patimrobis vada gagrZelda SemdgomSi danaSaulis ganmeo-rebis aRkveTis mizniT maSin, rodesac am safuZvelze pirdapiri miT-iTeba erovnuli sasamarTloebis mier gamotanil gadawyvetilebebSi ar yofila22.

nimuSiq. Tbilsis saapelacio sasamarTlosbraldebul .....................................................................................................................advokatis ........................................................................................................................misamarTi .........................................................................................................................

s a C i v a r i(q. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos

2006 wlis 20 Tebervlis brZanebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb)

2006 wlis 19 Tebervals X-is mimarT daiwyo sisxlissamarT-lebrivi devna. Mmas brali daedo ssk 177-e muxlis me-4 nawilis “g” qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulisaTvis.

2006 wlis 20 Tebervals q. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlom ga-moitana brZaneba X-is mimarT aRkveTis RonisZiebis Sefardebis Ses-axeb.

aRniSnuli brZaneba ukanonoa, dausabuTebeli da unda gauqmdes Semdeg garemoebaTa gamo:

sssk 151-e muxlis Tanaxmad, aRkveTis RonisZieba gamoiyeneba im mizniT, rom braldebulma Tavi ar aaridos winaswar gamoZiebasa da sasamarTlos, aRikveTos misi Semdgomi danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba, xeli ar SeeSalos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenas, uzrunvelyofil iqnes ganaCenis aRsruleba. Bbraldebuls ar SeiZleba Seefardos winaswari patimroba an aRkveTis sxva Ron-isZieba, Tu ufro naklebad SemzRudavi aRkveTis RonisZieba uzrun-velyofs am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul miznebs.

22 Trzaska v. Poland, 2000, 11 july

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aRkveTis RonisZiebis Sefardebisas prokurorma ver SeZlo dae-sabuTebina mis mier moTxovnili aRkveTis RonisZiebis _ patimrobis mizanSewoniloba da ufro msubuqi aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxis gamo-yenebis SeuZlebloba.

2006 wlis 20 Tebervlis sasamarTlos brZanebaSi mosamarTlem ar daasabuTa aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT dapatimrebis Sefardebis au-cilebloba, ar CaTvala saWirod emsjela dacvis mxaris mier day-enebul argumentebze, ver miuTiTa arsebobda Tu ara braldebulis mier damalvis, mowmeTa mosyidvis, Tu misi Semdgomi danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis safrTxe da Semoifargla mxolod formaluri niSniT, rom pirs mZime danaSaulis CadenaSi edeboda brali.

zemoaRniSnuli ukanono da dausabuTebeli brZaneba dapatimrebis Sesaxeb arRvevs evropuli konvenciiT aRiarebul Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis uflebas (me-5 muxli).

saqmeSi “i.a safrangeTis winaaRmdeg” (I.A v. France, 1998, 23 September) da “letelie safrangeTis winaaRmdeg” (Letellier v. France, 1991, 26 June) evrosasamarTlom gaumarTleblad cno patimroba mkvlelobis saqmeebSic ki, xolo saqmeSi “jesiusi litvis winaaRmdeg” (Jecius v. Lithuanis 1998, 24 August) ganmarta, rom “sasamarTlos mier pirisaTvis dapatimrebis Sefardeba unda iyos motivirebuli da argumentire-buli. Mmxolod mZime danaSaulis Cadenis braldeba ar unda iyos dapatimrebis Sefardebis ganmsazRvreli piroba. dasabuTebuli unda iyos mimalvis, mowmeTa mosyidvis, Semdgomi danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis safrTxe”.

“i.a safrangeTis winaaRmdeg” saqmeSi evropis sasamarTlom aseve ganmarta, rom sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacvis uzrunvelyofis mizniT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes mxolod maSin, rodesac SesaZlebelia imis damtkiceba, rom piris gaTavisufleba konkretul situaciaSi xelyofs sazogadoebriv wes-rigs. Aam safuZvlis gamoyeneba ar SeiZleba mxolod danaSaulis mZime xasiaTis gamo.

sasamarTlos brZanebaSi mosamarTlem araTu daasabuTa, aramed arc miuTiTa zemoaRniSnul romelime garemoebaze.

evropis sasamarTlom saqmeSi “iagci da sargini TurqeTis wi-naaRmdeg” (Yadci and Sargin v. Turkey) ganmarta: “eWvgareSea, rom gadawy-vetileba, romelic dafuZnebulia stereotipul sityvebze,yovelgvari ganmartebis gareSe, Tu ratom arsebobs mimalvis sa-frTxe, arasodes iqneba SesabamisobaSi evropis sasamarTlos praqti-kasTan”.

saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebiT ar dasturdeba X-is mier damalvis, gaqcevis, mowmeTa mosyidvis, Semdgomi danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis safrTxe.

garda amisa, X-is mimarT wardgenili braldeba ar aris dasabuTebuli. saqmeSi ar moipoveba arc erTi mtkicebuleba, ro-

29

melic mis pirdapir Tu irib kavSirs daadasturebda mis mimarT wardgenil braldebasTan.

yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare gTxovT:

gaauqmoT q. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2006 wlis 20 Te-bervlis brZaneba X-is mimarT aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Ses-axeb da dauyovnebliv gaaTavisufloT patimrobidan.

advokati ...................................................................................................................

TariRi: .......................................................................................................................

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu piris mimarT irRveva evrokonvenciis me-5 muxlis debulebebi, is SesaZloa gasaCivrdes evropis sasamarTloSi mas Semdeg, rac amowuruli iqneba dacvis yvela Sida samarTlebrivi saSualeba. Aam SemTxvevaSi, aq igulisxmeba aRkveTis RonisZiebis ga-moyenebis Sesaxeb saqalaqo (raionuli) sasamarTlos brZanebis saapelacio sasamarTloSi gasaCivreba. saapelacio sasamarTlosgadawyvetileba CaiTvleba saboloo gadawyvetilebad, romlis gamo-tanidan eqvsi Tvis vadaSi SeiZleba gaigzavnos ganacxadi evropis sasamarTloSi.

30


evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxli icavs samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas. aRniSnuli muxlis Tanaxmad:

1. samoqalaqo uflebaTa da movaleobaTa gansazRvrisas an wardgenili nebismieri sisxlissamarTlebrivi braldebis safuZvli-anobis gamorkvevisas, yvelas aqvs gonivrul vadaSi misi saqmis samarTliani da saqveyno ganxilvis ufleba kanonis safuZvelze Seqmnili damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlos mier. sa-samarTlo gadawyvetileba cxaddeba saqveynod, Tumca mTel sa-samarTlo procesze an mis nawilze presa da sazogadoeba SeiZleba ar dauSvan, demokratiul sazogadoebaSi moralis, sazogadoebrivi wesrigis an erovnuli uSiSroebis interesebidan gamomdinare, agreTve, rodesac amas moiTxovs arasrulwlovanTa interesebi an mxareTa piradi cxovrebis dacva, an ramdenadac, sasamarTlos az-riT, es mkacrad aucilebelia gansakuTrebuli garemoebebis arsebo-bisas, rodesac saqveynooba zians miayenebda marTlmsajulebis in-teresebs.

2. yoveli piri, visac bralad edeba sisxlis samarTlis dana-Saulis Cadena, iTvleba udanaSaulod, vidre misi braleuloba ar damtkicdeba kanonis Sesabamisad.

3. yovel pirs, visac bralad edeba sisxlis samarTlis dana-Saulis Cadena, aqvs, sul mcire, Semdegi uflebebi:

a) misTvis gasageb enaze dauyovnebliv da dawvrilebiT ecnobos wardgenili braldebis arsi da safuZveli;

b) hqondes sakmarisi dro da SesaZleblobani sakuTari dacvis mosamzadeblad;

c) daicvas Tavi piradad an mis mier arCeuli damcvelis meSveo-biT, an, Tu mas ar gaaCnia sakmarisi saSualeba iuridiuli momsaxurebis asanazRaureblad, ufasod isargeblos aseTi momsaxurebiT, rodesac amas moiTxovs marTlmsajulebis interesebi;

d) dakiTxos an daakiTxvinos braldebis mowmeebi da gamoaZaxe-binos da daakiTxvinos dacvis mowmeebi braldebis mowmeTa Tanabar pirobebSi;

e) isargeblos Tarjimnis ufaso daxmarebiT, Tu mas ar SeuZlia gaigos sasamarTloSi gamoyenebuli ena, an ilaparakos am enaze.

me-6 muxlis I punqtiT garantirebulia ufleba, rom “gonivrul vadaSi” Catardes sasamarTlo ganxilva. Mme-6 muxlis es moTxovna samwuxarod Zalian xSirad irRveva Cvens qveyanaSi. evrokonvenciiT aRiarebuliEes ufleba emsaxureba Semdeg miznebs:

daicvas mxareebi samarTlebrivi proceduris gaumarTlebeli gaWianurebisagan;

ganxorcieldes marTlmsajuleba iseTi dayovnebis gareSe, ro-melic Zirs uTxris misdami ndobas.

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saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis vadebs. aRniSnuli kodeqsis 59-e muxlis Tanaxmad, saproceso moqmedeba sruldeba kanoniT dadgenil vadebSi. samoqalaqo saqmeebs sasamarTloebi ganixilaven gancxadebis miRebis dRidan ara ugvianes 2 Tvisa, xolo gansakuTrebiT rTuli kategoriis saqmeebze, ganmxilveli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT,es vada SeiZleba gagrZeldes ara umetes 5 Tvisa, garda alimentis gadaxdevinebis, dasaxiCrebiT an janmrTelobis sxva dazianebis, agreTve marCenalis sikvdiliT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis, SromiTi urTierTobebidan gamomdinare moTxovnebis Sesaxeb saqmee-bisa, romlebic ganxilul unda iqnes ara ugvianes 1 Tvisa.

gonivruli vadis Sefasebisas evropuli sasamarTlo Tvlis, rom samoqalaqo saqmeebSi xelisuflebas moeTxoveba dauyovnebeli zome-bis miReba, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac ganmcxadeblisaTvis saqmis gonivrul vadebSi ganxilvas gansakuTrebuli, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs. aseTi saqmeebi SeiZleba iyos:

SromiTi davebi;23

saqmeebi, romlebic bavSvebze meurveobis dadgenis sakiTxebs exeba;24

janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli kompensaciis saqmeebi.25

nimuSiq. Tbilsis saqalaqo sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa kolegias mosamarTle: ...........................................................................................................ganmcxadebeli: ......................................................................................................misamarTi: ................................................................................................................mopasuxe: saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministromisamarTi: ................................................................................................................

g a n c x a d e b a(saqmis ganxilvis daCaqrebaze)

Tqvens warmoebaSia administraciuli samarTlis saqme mosarCeleX mopasuxe saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros winaaRmdeg. Ddavis sagania janmrTelobis dazianebiT gamowveuli zianis anazRaureba.

aRniSnul saqmeze, sasamarTloSi warvadgine sarCeli 2005 wlis 1 Tebervals; miuxedavad mravali mcdelobisa, Tebervlis Tvidan dRemde gaurkveveli mizeziT ar xdeba saqmis ganxilva, riTic

23 Obermeier v. Austria, 28 june, 199024 Ignakolo-Zenide v. Romania, 25 January, 200025 Silva Pontes v. Portugal, 23 January, 1994

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irRveva saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 59-e muxlis me-3 punqti, romliTac aseTi kategoriis saqmis ganxilvisaTvis erTTviani saproceso vadaa dadgenili; kerZod, dasaxiCrebiT an janmrTelobis sxva dazianebiT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis saqme sasamarTlom unda ganixilos 1 Tvis vadaSi.

saqmis gaumarTlebeli gaWianurebiT irRveva evropuli konven-ciis me-6 muxli. me-6 muxlis I punqtiT garantirebulia ufleba, rom “gonivrul vadaSi” Catardes sasamarTlo ganxilva.

saqmeze “silva pontesi portugaliis winaaRmdeg”, sasamarTlom daadgina, rom janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli kompensaciis sa-kiTxebze saxelmwifo xelisuflebas moeTxoveba dauyovnebeli zome-bis miReba da sasamarTlo ganxilva gonivrul vadebSi unda ganxorcieldes.

saqmeze “cemermani da Staineri Sveicariis winaaRmdeg” (Zimmerman and Steiner v. Switzerland, 06.06.1981) sasamarTlom ganacxada: “yvela sax-elmwifos evaleba samarTlis sistemis srulyofa, raTa sasamarT-loebs mieceT saSualeba, imoqmedon me-6 muxlis I punqtis moTxov-naTa (gonivruli vadebis principis CaTvliT) Sesabamisad”.

saqmeSi “vernilo safrangeTis winaaRmdeg” evropulma sasamarT-lom aseve aRniSna, rom erovnul sasamarTloebs evalebaT, Seuqmnan mxareebs iseTi pirobebi, romelTa meSveobiT Tavidan iqneba acile-buli saqmis ganxilvis gaumarTlebeli gaWianureba (Vernilo v. France, 20 February, 1991).

saqmeSi “guinCo portugaliis winaaRmdeg” evropis sasamarTlo ar daeTanxma saxelmwifos argumentebs, rom arasakmarisi personali an zogadi administraciuli xasiaTis sirTuleebi gonivruli vadis darRvevis sakmarisi safuZvelia (Guincho v. Portugal, 10 July, 1984).

evropis sasamarTlo ar iziarebs saxelmwifoTa poziciebs, TiTqos xangrZlivi samarTalwarmoeba yovelTvis SeiZleba ga-marTlebul iqnes saxelmwifoSi gansakuTrebuli politikuri faqtorebis arsebobiT (Pameli v. Germany, 1 july, 1997).

“saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos organuli ka-nonis me-7 muxlis I nawilis Tanaxmad, “mosamarTle Tavis saqmiano-baSi damoukidebelia, emorCileba mxolod saqarTvelos konsti-tucias, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas, SeTanxmebas da kanons”.

yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare gTxovT: 1. miiRoT da ganixiloT winamdebare gancxadeba;2. uaxloes dReebSi daniSnoT sasamarTlo ganxilva;

ganmcxadebeli: ......................................................................................................

TariRi: .....................................................................................................................

33

evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxliT ganmtkicebuli debulebebi vrceldeba rogorc sasamarTlo ganxilvis, ise mis wina da momdevno etapebze. aRniSnuli muxlis moqmedeba vrceldeba im procedureb-zec, romlebic saqmis mosmenas sdevs Tan, anu gadawyvetilebis aRs-rulebis etapze.

nimuSi

saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros Tbilisis saaRsrulebo biuros ufross .................................................ganmcxadebeli: ......................................................................................................misamarTi: ................................................................................................................

g a n c x a d e b a(gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Taobaze)

2006 wlis 20 aprils Cem mier werilobiT gancxadebasTan erTad warmodgenil iqna q. Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos 2006 wlis 1 aprilis gadawyvetileba #23/067 da aRniSnul gadawyvetilebaze 2006 wlis 19 aprils gacemuli saaRsrulebo furceli #4/785. sasamarT-lom baTilad cno Cemi gaTavisuflebis brZaneba da aRdgenili var saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministroSi buRalteris Tanamdebobaze.

“saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis 28-e muxlis Tanaxmad, gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis dawyebisas sasamar-Tlo aRmasrulebeli movales ugzavnis wanadadebas 5 dRis vadaSi gadawyvetilebis nebayoflobiT Sesrulebis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlo aRmasrulebeli movalisaTvis winadadebis Cabarebisas afrTxilebs mas, rom sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis dawesebul vadaSi nebay-oflobiT Seusruleblobas mohyveba iZulebiTi aRsruleba.

unda aRiniSnos, rom gancxadebis Semotanidan dRemde gasulia 5 Tveze meti. am periodis manZilze gaumarTleblad Wianurdeba sa-samarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba, riTac merRveva “saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos ka-noniT da evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxliT miniWebuli ufleba.

evropis sasamarTlom saqmeSi “hornsbi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg”(Hornsby v. Greece, 19 March, 1997) aRniSna: “me-6 muxliT garantirebuli ufleba marTlmsajulebis xelmisawvdomobaze iqneba iluziuri, Tuki erovnuli samarTlis sistema dauSvebs, rom kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba sabolood aRusrulebeli darCes”.

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Yyovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare gTxovT:

1. miiRoT da ganixiloT winamdebare gancxadeba;2. “saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis Tanax-

mad, aRasruloT sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawy-vetileba.

ganmcxadebeli: ......................................................................................................TariRi: .....................................................................................................................

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawy-vetileba SeiZleba aRsruldes 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi, Tumca, es pi-roba ar abrkolebs ganmcxadeblebs evropis sasamarTloSi gaagzav-non saCivari sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRusruleblobis gamo me-6 muxlis darRveulad cnobis moTxovniT.

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evropuli konvenciis me-10 muxli icavs gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas. am muxlis Tanaxmad,

1. yvelas aqvs ufleba gamoxatvis Tavisuflebisa. Ees ufleba moicavs piris Tavisuflebas, hqondes Sexedulebebi, miiRos an gaavrcelos informacia Tu mosazrebebi sajaro xelisuflebis Caurevlad da saxelmwifo sazRvrebis miuxedavad. Ees muxli xels ar uSlis saxelmwifoebs, ganaxorcielon radiomauwyeblobis, satelevizio an kinomatografiul sawarmoTa licenzireba.

2. am TavisuflebaTa ganxorcieleba, ramdenadac is ganuyofelia Sesabamisi valdebulebisa da pasuxismgeblobisagan, SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros iseT wesebs, pirobebs, SezRudvebs an sanqciebs, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia kanoniT da aucilebelia demok-ratiul sazogadoebaSi erovnuli uSiSroebis, teritoriuli mTli-anobis an sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis interesebisaTvis, uwes-rigobisa Tu danaSaulis aRsakveTad, janmrTelobis an moralis dacvis mizniT, sxvaTa reputaciis an uflebebis dasacavad, saidum-lod miRebuli informaciis gamJRavnebis Tavidan asacileblad an sasamarTlo xelisuflebis avtoritetisa da miukerZoeblobis uz-runvelsayofad.

saqarTvelos konstituciis me-19 da 24-e muxli uzrunvelyofs da garantirebuls xdis gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas da amave dros iT-valiswinebs SemTxvevebs, rodesac es ufleba SeiZleba daeqvemde-baros garkveul SezRudvebs.

adamianis uflebaTa evropis sasamarTlom 1986 wlis gadawy-vetilebaSi “lingensi avstriis winaaRmdeg” ganacxada: “es ufleba vrceldeba ara marto iseT “informaciaze” an “ideebze”, romelic dadebiTadaa miRebuli da aRqmulia rogorc araSeuracxmyofeli da umniSvnelo, aramed iseTzec, romelic Seuracxyofs, SokSi agdebs da aRaSfoTebs kidec. aseTia pluralizmis, tolerantobisa da SeuzRudavi azrovnebis moTxovna, romelTa gareSec “demokratiuli sazogadoeba” ar arsebobs”. 26

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis Tanaxmad, gamoxatvisa da informaciis Tavisufleba absoluturi ar aris. saxelmwifos ufleba aqvs, ganaxorcielos marlTzomieri Careva gamoxatvisa da informaciis TavisuflebaSi (miuxedavad im saSualebisa, romliTac Sexeduleba, informacia da mosazrebebia gamoxatuli), mxolod me-10 muxlis me-2 punqtSi Camoyalibebuli pirobebis Sesabamisad.

Tuki evropuli konvenciis me-10 muxlis me-2 punqtSi Camoyalibe-buli pirobebi ar aris Sesrulebuli, gamoxatvisa da informaciis Tavisuflebis SezRudva CaiTvleba konvenciis darRvevad.

26 Lingens v. Austria, 1986

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konvenciis me-10 muxlis me-2 punqtiT nebadarTuli SezRudvebi, romelTa dawesebac SesaZlebelia moxdes gamoxatvisa da informa-ciis Tavisuflebis ganxorcielebaze, iyofa sam kategoriad:

SezRudvebi, romelTa daniSnulebaa sazogadoebrivi interese-bis (erovnuli uSiSroebis, teritoriuli mTlianobis, sazogadoe-brivi usafrTxoebis, uwesrigobis an danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis, janmrTelobis an zneobis) dacva;

SezRudvebi, romelTa daniSnulebaa sxva pirad uflebaTa dacva (sxvaTa reputaciis an uflebaTa dacva, saidumlo informa-ciis gamJRavnebis Tavidan acileba);

SezRudvebi, romlebic aucilebelia sasamarTlo xelisu-flebis avtoritetisa da miukerZoeblobis SenarCunebisaTvis.

am mxriv, saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba Seesabameba evropul kon-vencias. Tumca, evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTali gacilebiT maRal standarts iTvaliswinebs gamoxatvis Tavisu-flebis dasacavad. Sesabamisad, am uflebis Selaxvis SemTxvevaSi, gacilebiT efeqturi iqneba, Sida instanciis sasamarTloebSi saqmis ganxilvis dros, Tu mxareebi evropul konvenciasa da mis preceden-tul samarTals daeyrdnobian TavianTi poziciis dasasabuTeblad.

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, gamoxatvis Tavisufleba SeiZleba Seiz-Rudos erT-erT iseT SemTxvevaSi, Tu is laxavs sxvaTa uflebebsa da Rirsebas.

pativis, Rirsebis da saqmiani reputaciis samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi dacvis Sesaxeb specialuri saerTo wesi ganmtkice-bulia saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-18 muxliT.

aRniSnuli muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, pirs ufleba aqvs, sa-samarTlos meSveobiT moiTxovos im cnobebis uaryofa, romlebic laxavs mis pativs, Rirsebas, piradi cxovrebis saidumloebas, pirad xelSeuxeblobas, an saqmian reputacias, Tu am cnobebis gamavrcele-beli ar daamtkicebs, rom isini sinamdviles Seefereba.

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nimuSi

q. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa kolegiismosamarTle ............................................................................................................Segebebuli mosarCele: .....................................................................................misamarTi: ................................................................................................................advokati: .................................................................................................................misamarTi: ................................................................................................................mopasuxe: ..................................................................................................................misamarTi: ................................................................................................................

S e g e b e b u l i s a r C e l i(pativis, Rirsebis, saqmiani reputaciis Semlaxavi

cnobebis uaryofisa da miyenebuli moraluri zianisanazRaurebis Sesaxeb)

2006 wlis 1 ivliss W politikuri partiis liderma X-ma, sar-Celi Seitana sasamarTloSi Y Jurnalistis winaaRmdeg, riTac moiTxova pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxveli cnobebis uaryofa. sar-Celis aRZvris safuZvels warmoadgenda is faqti, rom cnobilma qarTvelma Jurnalistma gamoaqveyna statia, sadac zemoaRniSnul politikuri partiis liders akritikebda mis politikuri saqmiano-baSi da “eris moRalated” ixseniebda.

winamdebare Segebebuli sarCeliT Y politikuri partiis liderisagan iTxovs:

1. pativis, Rirsebis da saqmiani reputaciis Semlaxveli informa-ciis uaryofas da miyenebuli moraluri zianis anazRaurebas 10 000 laris odenobiT;

2. auri eTqvas politikuri partiis liders misi sasarCelo moTxovnis dakmayofilebaze;

zemoaRniSnuli statiis gamoqveynebidan meore dRes X-ma Tavisi politikuri partiis ofisSi moiwvia preskonferencia, sadac pir-dapir eTerSi ganacxada: “Y aris im erT-erTi cnobili kanonieri qurdis Svili, romelic 2006 wlis martSi cixeSi momxdari amboxis organizatori iyo”, “is aris Jurnalisti, romelic eweva kanonieri qurdebisa da qurduli samyaros propagandas”, “is aris uvici da mas ar hyavs mkiTxveli”.

politikuri lideris aRniSnulma gancxadebam xelyo Jurnal-istis pativi, Rirseba da saqmiani reputacia. X aris erT-erTi cno-bili politikuri partiis lideri, sazogadoebisaTvis cnobili pi-rovneba, romlis sajaro gancxadebebis mimarT yovelTvis arsebobs sazogadoebis gansakuTrebuli interesi da romlis gamonaTqvamebsac aqvs Sesabamisi gavlena sazogadoebriv azrze. Ppolitikosis mier gavrcelebulma cru faqtebma da arasworma informaciam sazogadoe-

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bas imTaviTve Seuqmna STabeWdileba, rom Jurnalisti aris arapro-fesionali da damnaSave. Ppolitikuri partiis liderma pirdapir brali dasdo Jurnalists danaSaulis CadenaSi, yovelgvari samarTlebrivi safuZvlisa da Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebis ar arse-bobis pirobebSi. Jurnalistis mama aris Rirseuli moqalaqe, ro-melic wlebis manZilze muSaobs erT-erT kerZo kompaniaSi. aR-niSnuli informaciis gavrcelebam mniSvnelovnad Selaxa Y-issaqmiani reputacia rogorc kolegebis, aseve mTeli sazogadoebis winaSe. gavrcelebulma pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxvelma yalbma informaciam masze moaxdina damTrgunveli gavlena da is aris uzo-mod Seuracxyofili. Jurnalistis mimarT politikosi mizanmimar-Tulad da braleulad moqmedebda.

rac Seexeba Jurnalistis mier gamoqveynebul statias, sadac is X-s ixseniebs, rogorc “moRalates”, unda aRiniSnos, rom es mxolod Jurnalistis SefasebiTi msjelobaa.

strasburgis sasamarTlom xazgasmiT miuTiTa, gansxvavebebze “faqtebsa” da “SefasebiT msjelobebs” Soris da aRniSna, rom “Se-fasebiTi msjelobis damtkiceba SeuZlebelia”.

saqmeSi “lingensi avstriis winaaRmdeg” evropis sasamarTlom presis Tavisufleba daupirispira maRali sajaro moxelis repu-taciaze uflebas. 1975 wlis oqtomberSi avstriaSi sayovelTao ar-Cevnebis Semdeg batonma lingensma gamoaqveyna ori statia, romelSic akritikebda arCevnebSi gamarjvebul federalur kanclers. Kkan-cleris saqcieli daxasiaTebuli iyo rogorc “amoraluri”, “uRirsi”, romelic ganasaxierebda “dabali xarisxis oportunizms”. aRniSnuli gancxadebebis gamo, Jurnalists erovnulma sasamarT-loebma daakisres jarima da daadgines, rom Jurnalistma ver SeZlo “dabali xarisxis oportunizmis” braldebis damtkiceba.

evropuli sasamarTlos winaSe avstriis mTavroba amtkicebda, rom ganmcxadeblis msjavrdeba miznad isaxavda kancleris repu-taciis dacvas.

sasamarTlom ganmarta, rom “dasaSvebi sazRvrebi ufro farToa, rodesac igi politikoss exeba, vidre kerZo pirs. maT Soris gansxvaveba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom politikoss misi TiToeuli sityva Tu qmedeba gaazrebulad gamoaqvs saaSkaraoze, Jurnaliste-bisa Tu sazogadoebis samsjavrod. Sesabamisad, mas ufro meti am-tanobac marTebs, politikosebma unda gamoavlinon ufro maRali Semwynarebloba mediis kritikasTan mimarTebaSi”. Aam ganmartebidan gamomdinare, Tmenis valdebuleba ekisreba politikuri Tanamdebobis pirs, rasac ver vityviT samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenelze.

saqmeSi “dalbani rumineTis winaaRmdeg” (1999w.) sasamarTlom gan-marta, rom “miuRebelia Jurnalists CamoerTvas ufleba, gamoxatos kritikuli SefasebiTi msjelobebi, Tu ver SeZlebs maTi WeSmarite-bis damtkicebas”.

39

saqmeSi “oberSliki avstriis winaaRmdeg” (1997 w.) sityva “idi-otis” gamoyeneba politikosis saqcielis asaRwerad dasaSvebad iqna miCneuli.

“oberSliki avstriis winaaRmdeg”, “dalbani rumineTis wi-naaRmdeg” da bevr sxva saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebebSi sa-samarTlom ganmarta: “Jurnalisturi Tavisufleba aseve moicavs movlenebis ramdenadme gazviadebulad, Tundac, provokaciulad as-axvas”.

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-18 muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, pirs ufleba aqvs sasamarTlos meSveobiT, kanoniT dadgenili wesiT daicvas sakuTari pativi, Rirseba da saqmiani repu-tacia Selaxvisagan.

amave muxlis me-6 nawilis Sesabamisad, pativis, Rirsebisa da saqmiani reputaciis dacva xorcieldeba miuxedavad xelmyofis bralisa, magram araqonebrivi zianisaTvis. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 413-e muxlis Sesabamisad, fuladi anazRaureba SeiZleba moTxovnil iqnes mxolod kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi. samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-18 muxlis me-6 nawilis Tanaxmad, braleuli xelyofis SemTxvevaSi,uflebamosil pirs ufleba aqvs moiTxovos moraluri zianis anazRaurebac.

amrigad, saxezea Segebebuli sarCelis dakmayofilebisaTvis yvela aucilebeli piroba:

a) Selaxulia Jurnalistis pativi, Rirseba da saqmiani repu-tacia;

b) pativis, Rirsebis da saqmiani reputaciis Semlaxveli cnobebi gavrcelebulia masobrivi informaciis saSualebiT;

g) gavrcelebuli cnobebi ar Seesabameba sinamdviles;d) piradi araqonebrivi uflebebis darRveva gamowveulia

braleuli moqmedebiT;gTxovT daakmayofiloT Segebebul sarCelSi miTiTebuli

moTxovnebi.

advokati ........................................................................................................

TariRi ..............................................................................................................

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d a s k v n a

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia gaxda saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis nawili, Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTlis wyaro, romelic mxareebma unda gamoiyenon, rogorc saqmis gadawyvetis samarTlebrivi safuZveli. Aam garemoebis gaT-valiswinebiT mniSvnelovania, rom sasamarTloSi adamianis ufle-baTa evropuli konvenciis debulebebi ganimartos im principebis safuZvelze, rogorc ganmartebulia adamianis uflebaTa evropulisasamarTlos mier. Tu Cvens sinamdvileSi es as ar moxda, didi iqneba imis albaToba, rom evropuli konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli adamianis uflebaTa debulebebi ufro SezRudulad ganimartoserovnul doneze, ris Sedegadac, fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebi srulad ver isargebleben evropuli konvenciiT miniWebuli uflebe-biT.

marTalia, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo iRebs gadawyvetilebas konkretul saqmeze, magram am gadawyvetilebis (pre-cedentis) meSveobiT ganmartavs konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebul ufle-baTa da TavisuflebaTa Sinaarss. konkretuli gadawyvetilebis miRebiT, evropuli sasamarTlo adgens standarts, romlis mniSvneloba scildeba konkretul sasamarTlo saqmes.27

adamianis uflebaTa dacvis standartebis dadgenis funqciaze evropulma sasamarTlom yuradReba gaamaxvila Tavis erT-erT gadawyvetilebaSi. Mman ganacxada, rom “faqtobrivad sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis mizania ara mxolod sasamarTlos winaSe gansax-ilvelad warmodgenil saqmeTa gadawyveta, aramed, naTeli mohfinos, daicvas da ganaviTaros konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli normebi da xeli Seuwyos saxelmwifoebis, rogorc xelSemkvreli mxareebis,mier aRebul valdebulebaTa Sesrulebas”.

sasamarTlos mier adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis, is-eve rogorc zogadad adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso xelSek-rulebebis gamoyenebis erT-erTi upiratesoba zustad isaa, rom igi iZleva iseTi Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi normebis gamovlenis saSuale-bas, romelic ufro dabali standartiT icavs adamianis uflebebs, vidre evropuli konvencia.

27 Ireland v. the United Kingdom, 18 January, 1978

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gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konven-cia, 1950w. 4 noemberi2. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos reglamenti3. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos ganaCenTa krebuli, wigni I, evropis sabWo, 2004 wlis oqtomberi; 4. gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, evropis sabWo 2005 weli;5. evrosasamarTlos gadawyvetileba asaniZe saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg, 2004w. 6. k. korkelia, i. qurdaZe, adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samar-Tali adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis mixedviT, 2004 wlis Tebervali; 7. k. korkelia, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi, 2004 wlis Tebervali;8. piris Tavisuflebisa da usafrTxoebis ufleba, evropis sabWo, 2004 wlis oqtomberi; 9. saqarTvelos konstitucia, 1995w. 24 agvisto;10. saqarTvelos kanoni “normatiuli aqtebis Sesaxeb”, 1996 wlis 29 oqtomberi; 11. saqarTvelos kanoni “saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb”, 1999 wlis 16 aprili;12. saqarTvelos kanoni “saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebis Sesaxeb”, 1997 wlis 16 oqtomberi;13. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi, 1997w. 14 noemberi; 14. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, 1998 weli 20 Tebervali; 15. saqarTvelos organuli kanoni “saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb”, 1997w. 13 ivnisi;16. saqarTvelos prezidentis #284 brZanebuleba “saqarTveloSi ada-mianis uflebaTa dacvis ganmtkicebis RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb” 1997 wlis 3 ivnisi;17. saqarTvelos prezidentis @ brZanebuleba #27 “saqarTveloSi ad-amianis uflebaTa dacvis ganmtkicebis RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos prezidentis 1997 wlis 3 ivnisis #284 brZanebulebis Zaladakargulad cnobis Taobaze, 2002 wlis 29 ianvari;18. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba @2/6/264, “Sps” uniservisi saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg, 2004 wlis 21 dekemberi;19. wamebisa da araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobis akrZalva adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis mixedviT. trein-ingis masalaTa krebuli, Interights;

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Decisions of the European Court of Human Rights:

20. Ahmed v. Austria, 1996;21. Aydin v. Turkey, 1997;22. Chahal v. the United Kingdom, 1996;23. Ciulla v. Italy, 1982;24. Dolban v. Romania, 1999;25. Guincho v. Portugal, 1984;26. Hornsby v. Greece, 1997;27. I.A v. France, 1998;28. Ireland V. the United Kingdom, 1978;29. Jecius v. Lithuanis, 1998;30. Kelly and others v. United Kingdom, 2001;31. Kottalla v. Netherlands, 1998;32. Letellier v. France, 1991;33. Lingens v. Austria, 1986;34. McCann and others v. United kingdom,1995;35. McGlinchey v. United kingdom, 2003;36. Mouisel v. France, 2002;37. Nachova v. Bulgaria, 2005;38. Oberschlik v. Austria 1997;39. Pameli v. Germany, 1997;40. Pretty v. the United kingdom, 2002; 41. Trzaska v. Poland, 2000;42. Vernilo v. France, 1991;43. Yadci and Sargin v. Turkey, 1995;44. Zimmerman and Steiner v. Switzerland, 1981;45. www.coe.ge;46. www.echr.coe.int.

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SeniSvnebisaTvis

44

Cven davicavT Tqvens uflebebs rogorc qveynis SigniT, aseve adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTloSi!

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