Rocks and MineralsRocks and Minerals

ObjectivesObjectives

Mt. Saint Helens Washington StateMt. Saint Helens Washington State

ObjectivesObjectives

1)1) List 5 characteristics of all mineralsList 5 characteristics of all minerals

2)2) Using seven physical properties of a Using seven physical properties of a mineral, identify an unknown mineralmineral, identify an unknown mineral

3)3) Using the E.S.R.T, identify the two most Using the E.S.R.T, identify the two most abundant elements by mass and volume in abundant elements by mass and volume in the earth’s crustthe earth’s crust

4)4) Draw the silicate tetrahedron and explain Draw the silicate tetrahedron and explain its importance in determining the physical its importance in determining the physical properties of mineralsproperties of minerals

5)5) List and explain two ways in which List and explain two ways in which minerals can form.minerals can form.

Objective 1: Objective 1: List five characteristics of List five characteristics of all mineralsall minerals

Quartz CrystalQuartz Crystal

Characteristics of MineralsCharacteristics of Minerals

CrystallineCrystalline Solid- No liquid mineralsSolid- No liquid minerals Inorganic- Not livingInorganic- Not living Naturally OccurringNaturally Occurring Physical and Chemical propertiesPhysical and Chemical properties

Abundances of the Elements in the Earth's Crust

ElementApproximate

% by weight

Oxygen 46.6

Silicon 27.7

Aluminum 8.1

Iron 5.0

Calcium 3.6

Sodium 2.8

Potassium 2.6

Magnesium 2.1

All others 1.5

Physical Properties of MineralsPhysical Properties of Minerals

ColorColor

LusterLuster

                     

       

                                

      

                                

      

                                

      

Adamantine Luster

Silk LusterGumdrop Luster

Pearly Luster

Physical Characteristics continued..Physical Characteristics continued..

Crystal ShapeCrystal Shape

StreakStreak CleavageCleavage FractureFracture

CALCITE

Complex Topaz Crystal

HardnessHardness

Diamond

Below is the Mohs Hardness Scale:

Talc Gypsum Calcite Fluorite Apatite

Orthoclase Quartz Topaz

Corundum (ruby and sapphire) Diamond

Silicate TetrahedronSilicate Tetrahedron

Two ways Minerals can formTwo ways Minerals can form

1.1. MagmaMagma

2.2. Water- evaporatesWater- evaporates