rocks and minerals
DESCRIPTION
Rocks and Minerals. By Kenrick Leiba. 3 Kinds of Rock. Igneous – rock that has melted and re-solidified. Sedimentary – Formed from sediments that have been compacted and cemented together. Metamorphic – Rock that has been changed by heat and pressures. Layers of the Earth. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Rocks and Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816731550346895ddbdc13/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Rocks and Minerals
By Kenrick Leiba
![Page 2: Rocks and Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816731550346895ddbdc13/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
3 Kinds of Rock
• Igneous – rock that has melted and re-solidified.
• Sedimentary – Formed from sediments that have been compacted and cemented together.
• Metamorphic – Rock that has been changed by heat and pressures.
![Page 3: Rocks and Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816731550346895ddbdc13/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Rocks and Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816731550346895ddbdc13/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Layers of the Earth
![Page 5: Rocks and Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816731550346895ddbdc13/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Some revision on mixtures, compounds and elements
• An element has one kind of atom• A compound has two more kinds of
atoms in a fixture ratio• A mixture is mix of two or more
substances that are NOT bonded.
![Page 6: Rocks and Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816731550346895ddbdc13/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Most common Elements in the Earth’s crust
• OXYGEN-46.4%• SILICON-28.2%• ALUMINUM-8.2%• IRON-5.6%• CALCIUM-4.2%• SODIUM-2.4%• MAGNESIUM-2.3%• POTASSIUM-2%
![Page 7: Rocks and Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816731550346895ddbdc13/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Make up of the Earth’s Crust
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How do Rocks differ from minerals?
• A mineral has a known chemical composition with a fixed ratio of elements. (could be an element or compound)• Rocks are made up of two or more
minerals.• Therefore a Rock is a solid mixture of
minerals the way cake is a mixture of eggs, flour, water etc.
![Page 9: Rocks and Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816731550346895ddbdc13/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
How to identify Minerals• Look at the following slides. Each
shows several differ same samples of the same mineral.
• What feature might be most useful for identification. What problems might you encounter.
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Examples of minerals
• Quartz
![Page 11: Rocks and Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816731550346895ddbdc13/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sulphur
![Page 12: Rocks and Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816731550346895ddbdc13/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Hematite
![Page 13: Rocks and Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816731550346895ddbdc13/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Feldspar
![Page 14: Rocks and Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816731550346895ddbdc13/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Mica
![Page 15: Rocks and Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816731550346895ddbdc13/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Olivine
![Page 16: Rocks and Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816731550346895ddbdc13/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Some examples of rocks
• The following are some examples of different types of rocks.
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Granite
![Page 18: Rocks and Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816731550346895ddbdc13/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Basalt
![Page 19: Rocks and Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816731550346895ddbdc13/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Most common minerals
• On the surface of continental crust: Quartz• In the whole crust: Feldspar• In the mantle: Olivine