ROCKS AND MINERALS

UNIT ONE

WARM-UP #1

•A mineral is inorganic, which means that it contains

ANSWER

•no materials that were once part of living things.

WARM-UP #2

•The repeating pattern of a mineral’s particles forms a solid called a(an)

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•crystal.

VOCABULARY

• mineral• inorganic•crystal •streak

VOCABULARY

• Mineral • A naturally occurring inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and definite chemical composition.• Inorganic • Not formed from living things or the remains of living things

VOCABULARY

• Crystal • A solid in which the atoms are arranged in a pattern that repeats over and over again• Streak• The color of the minerals powder

WARM-UP #3

•Although brick, steel, and glass all come from substances found in Earth’s crust, they are not classified as minerals because

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•They are not naturally occurring

WARM-UP #4

•Most minerals do NOT split apart evenly. Instead, they have a characteristic type of

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•fracture

VOCABULARY

•luster •Mohs hardness scale •cleavage,• fracture

VOCABULARY

• luster• The way a mineral reflects light from its surface• Mohs hardness scale  • A chart, with numbers, that ranks the hardness of the mineral as it relates to other minerals

VOCABULARY

• cleavage• The minerals ability to split easily along flat surfaces • fracture • The way a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way

WARM-UP #5

•The softest mineral on the Mohs hardness scale is

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•talc

WARM-UP #6

•Igneous rock that cools very quickly when it forms may have a texture that is

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•smooth and shiny with no visible grain

VOCABULARY

•granite•basalt• grains• texture

VOCABULARY

• Granite • A usually light colored igneous rock that is found in the continental crust• Basalt • A dark dense igneous rock with a fine grain that is found in the oceanic crust

VOCABULARY

• grains• The particles o f minerals and other rocks that give a rock its texture• texture• The look and feel of a rocks surface, determined by the size, shape, ad patterns of the rocks grains

WARM-UP #7

•When all the grains in a rock are large and easy to see, the rock is described as

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•coarse grained

WARM-UP #8

•Rock that forms from the cooling of magma below the surface or lava at the surface is called

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•igneous rock

VOCABULARY

•Igneous• sedimentary•metamorphic

VOCABULARY

•Igneous•A type of rock that forms from cooling of molten rock at or below the surface

VOCABULARY

• sedimentary,•A type of rock that forms when the particle of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together

VOCABULARY

•Metamorphic•A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure or chemical reaction

WARM-UP #9

•Where does most metamorphic rock form?

ANSWER

•Deep underground

WARM-UP #10

•The most abundant intrusive, igneous rock in the continental crust is

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•granite

WARM-UP #11

•The process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it is

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•deposition

VOCABULARY

•Extrusive• intrusive

VOCABULARY

•Extrusive•Igneous rock that forms from lava at the Earth’s surface

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•Intrusive•Igneous rock that forms When magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface

WARM-UP #12

•A sedimentary rock made up of rock fragments with rounded edges is called

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•conglomerate

WARM-UP #13

•Chalk formed from sediments made of skeletons of microscopic living things in the ocean must be a(an)

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•Organic rock

WARM-UP #14

•The texture of a metamorphic rock that has grains arranged in parallel layers is described as

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•foliated

VOCABULARY

•sediment•erosion• compaction• cementation

VOCABULARY

• Sediment• Small solid pieces of material that comes from rocks or organisms• Erosion• The process by which water, wind, ice or gravity moves weathered rocks or soil

VOCABULARY

• cementation• The process by which dissolved

minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together into one mass

• compaction• The process by which sediments

are pressed together by their own weight

WARM-UP #15

•Erosion on a mountain range that was pushed up as a result of two continental plates colliding will lead to the formation of

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•Sedimentary rock

WARM-UP #16

•During the rock cycle, a collision between two continental plates could force one plate down toward the heat of the mantle, producing

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•Metamorphic rock

WARM-UP #17

•The heat that changes a rock into metamorphic rock comes from

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•The heat of the mantle

VOCABUALRY

•Clastic rock•Organic rock•Chemical rock

VOCABUALRY

•Clastic rock –Sedimentary rocks that are formed when rock fragments are squeezed together under high pressure

VOCABUALRY

•Organic rock- Sedimentary rocks that are formed when the remains of organisms are deposited into thick layers– coal & limestone

VOCABUALRY

•Chemical rock –Sedimentary rocks that are formed when minerals crystal from a solution

WARM-UP #18

•A series of processes on Earth’s surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another is called

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•The rock cycle

WARM-UP #19

•If you broke a mineral into tiny pieces, each piece would

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•Still show the same crystal structure

VOCABULARY

•Foliated•Rock Cycle

VOCABULARY

• Foliated• Terms used to describe metamorphic

rocks that have grains arranged in parallel layers or bands

• Rock cycle• A series of processes on the surface

and inside Earth that slowly changes rock from one kind into another

WARM-UP #20

•The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together is

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•cementation

WARM-UP #21

•A mineral with a hardness of 6 will scratch a mineral with a hardness of ________ than 6.

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•less

WARM-UP #22

•Particles of minerals called ___________ give a rock its texture.

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•grains

WARM-UP #23

•The small particles of rock or the remains of living things that make up sedimentary rocks are called _________________.

ANSWER

•sediment

WARM-UP #24

•High pressure can change an igneous rock into a(an) _____________________ rock.

ANSWER

•metamorphic

WARM-UP #25

•Each major group of rocks follows ___________________ in the rock cycle.

ANSWER

•Many pathways