rocks 8 th grade earth science. classifying rocks ________________ – rocks are made of mixtures of...
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Rocks
8th grade Earth Science
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Classifying Rocks
________________ – rocks are made of mixtures of minerals and other materials. Some contain a single mineral. Others contain several minerals.
_________ – color provides clues to the rock’s mineral composition.
(Ex: granite = light basalt = dark) _________- the look and feel of the rock’s surface.
They use shape, size and pattern. __________ – how the rock is formed.
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3 Types of Rocks
There are 3 major groups of rocks:
___________________ ___________________ ___________________
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Igneous Rocks
The name igneous comes from a Latin word meaning “________”.
Igneous rocks can be either __________ or ____________ rock.
_____________ – formed from lava that erupted onto the Earth’s surface.
Basalt is the most common extrusive rock. ____________– formed from magma that hardens
beneath the Earth’s surface. ____________ is the most common intrusive rock.
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Igneous Rocks
Obsidian
extrusive
Granite
intrusive
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Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks are formed through a series of processes:
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
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Sedimentary Rocks
_________ – water, wind or ice loosen and carry away fragments of rock.
__________ – sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it.
___________ – process that presses the sediments together.
____________ – dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together.
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Types of Sedimentary Rocks
There are 3 major groups of sedimentary rocks:
_________ – forms when rock fragments are squeezed together.
_________ – remains of plants or animals are deposited in thick layers.
_________– when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize.
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Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic
sandstone
Organic
coal
Chemical
limestone
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Metamorphic Rocks
________ and ___________ deep beneath Earth’s surface can change any rock into metamorphic rock.
Geologists classify metamorphic rocks according to the arrangement of the ___________ that make up the rocks.
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Metamorphic Rocks
There are 2 classifications for metamorphic rocks:
___________ – have their grains arranged in parallel layers or bands.
___________ – mineral grains are arranged randomly. They do not split into layers.
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Metamorphic Rocks
Foliated
gneiss
Nonfoliated
quartzite
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The Rock Cycle
The rock cycle is the series of processes on Earth’s surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly change rocks from one kind to another.
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