rock types
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Types of RocksJunhel C. Dalanon, DMD, MAT
SNSCLC – MinglanillaMinglanilla, Cebu, Philippines 6046
![Page 2: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Rock
• In geology, rock is a naturally occurring aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids.
• The Earth's lithosphere is made of rock.• In general rocks are of three types, namely,
igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. • Petrology is the scientific study of rocks.
![Page 3: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Types of Rocks
• Igneous
• Sedimentary
• Metamorphic
![Page 4: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Igneous Rock
![Page 5: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Igneous Rock formed from melted rock that has cooled and solidified.
When rocks are buried deep within the Earth, they melt because of the high pressure and temperature; the molten rock (called magma) can then flow upward or even be erupted from a volcano onto the Earth's surface. When magma cools slowly, usually at depths of thousands of feet, crystals grow from the molten liquid, and a coarse-grained rock forms. When magma cools rapidly, usually at or near the Earth's surface, the crystals are extremely small, and a fine-grained rock results. A wide variety of rocks are formed by different cooling rates and different chemical compositions of the original magma. Obsidian (volcanic glass), granite, basalt, and andesite porphyry are four of the many types of igneous rock.
![Page 6: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Types of Igneous Rock Obsidian Basalt Rhyolite Andesite Granite Diorite Gabbro Porphyry Pumice Scoria Tuff
![Page 7: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Obsidian
![Page 8: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Basalt
![Page 9: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Rhyolite
![Page 10: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Andesite
![Page 11: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Granite
![Page 12: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Diorite
![Page 13: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Gabbro
![Page 14: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Porphyry
![Page 15: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Pumice
![Page 16: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Scoria
![Page 17: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Tuff
![Page 18: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sedimentary Rock Sedimentary rocks are formed because of the overburden pressure as
particles of sediment are deposited out of air, ice, wind, gravity, or water flows carrying the particles in suspension. As sediment deposition builds up, the overburden (or 'lithostatic') pressure squeezes the sediment into layered solids in a process known as lithification ('rock formation') and the original connate fluids are expelled.
Sedimentary rocks are laid down in layers called beds or strata. That new rock layers are above older rock layers is stated in the principle of superposition. There are usually some gaps in the sequence called unconformities. These represent periods in which no new sediments were being laid down, or when earlier sedimentary layers were raised above sea level and eroded away.
They contain fossils, the preserved remains of ancient plants and animals. Coal is considered a type of sedimentary rock. The composition of sediments provides us with clues as to the original rock.
![Page 19: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Types of Sedimentary Rock Quartz Feldspar Amphiboles Breccia Siltstone Sandstone Calcite Limestone Stromatolites Shale Coal Halite Gypsum
![Page 20: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Quartz
![Page 21: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Feldspar
![Page 22: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Amphiboles
![Page 23: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Breccia
![Page 24: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Siltstone
![Page 25: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Sandstone
![Page 26: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Calcite
![Page 27: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Limestone
![Page 28: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Stromatolites
![Page 29: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Shale
![Page 30: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Coal
![Page 31: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Halite
![Page 32: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Gypsum
![Page 33: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Metamorphic Rock form while deeply buried within the Earth's crust. The
process of metamorphism does not melt the rocks, but instead transforms them into denser, more compact rocks. New minerals are created either by rearrangement of mineral components or by reactions with fluids that enter the rocks. Some kinds of metamorphic rocks--granite gneiss and biotite schist are two examples--are strongly banded or foliated. (Foliated means the parallel arrangement of certain mineral grains that gives the rock a striped appearance.) Pressure or temperature can even change previously metamorphosed rocks into new types.
![Page 34: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Types of Metamorphic Rock
• Marble• Slate• Gneiss• Quartzite• Schist
![Page 35: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Marble
![Page 36: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Slate
![Page 37: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Gneiss
![Page 38: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Quartzite
![Page 39: Rock Types](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555726b7d8b42a067f8b4d41/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Schist