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First International Symposiumon

ROCK FRAGMENTATION BY BLASTINGLulea Sweden August 23-26 1983

UB/T IB Hann over 89 715 875

Volume No. 3.



•i

VOLUME No. 1 - 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Volume

815 3

•817 3

Welcome to Lulea University of Technology.

Vice Chancellor Dr Torbjb rn Hedberg

Opening of the Symposium and Introduction.

Dr Per-Anders Persson, Chairman of the organizing committe

KEY-NOTE SESSION

Key-note. Fragmentation - a Review. Disintegration of solids. 819 3

Ulf Langefors, Sweden

Gaps in the Field of Fragmentation by Blasting and some 827 3

Thoughts about Future Research and Development.

Agne Rustan, Sweden

Blasting Experiments in the Luossavaara Research Mine. 839 3

Torbjorn Naartijarvi, Sweden

Discussion 855 3

Session 1.IMPORTANT PARAMETERS FOR ROCK FRAGMENTATION

Chairman: C M . Lownds, vice chairman: Agne Rustan

*

A Study of Bench Blasting in Rhyoporphyry at a Reduced

Scale and the Statistical Analysis of the Regularity

for Fragmentation Distribution.

Ma Bailing et al, China

Production Drilling with high Accuracy.

Lars Hermansson, Sweden

Energy in Fragmentation.Per-Anders Persson, Sweden

Discussion 1

Measurements and Predictions of Borehole Pressure

Variations in Model Blasting Systems.

F.O. Otuonye et al, USA

The Effect of Charge Cavity Ratio on Rock Breaking.

Zhu Rui-Geng et al, China.

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789

777

873

7

21

The Influence of Controllable Blast Parameters on

Fragmentation and Mining Costs.

T.N. Hagan, Australia

Discussion 2

31

875



Page Volume

The Role of Stress Waves in Explosively Induced Bulk 53 1

Rock Motion.

J.N. Edl, USA.

Effect of Explosive Properties, Rock Type and Delays 71 1

on Fragmentation in Large Model Blasts.O.R. Bergmann, USA.

On the Applicability of the Tensile Strength as an 79

Index to Rock Fragmentation.

Kenneth Maki, Sweden

Dynamic Photoelastic Studies on Delayed Pre-split Blasting . 97

K.R.Y. Simha et al, USA

The Influence from Specific Cha rge , Geometric Scale 115

and Physical Properties of Homogenous Rock on

Fragmentation.

Agne Rustan et al, Sweden

Regulations of the Process of Hard Rocks Fragmentation 143

by Blasting.

K.A. Dolgov, USSR.

Discussion 3 876 3

Session 2.

THEORY OF FRACTURING AND CRACK PROPAGATIONChairman: W .L . Fourney, vice chairman: Agne JRustan

Spallation, Break-Up and Separation of Layers by 149 1

Oblique Stress-Wave Interaction.

H.P. Rossmanith et al, Austria

Theoretical Research and Modelling of Directed Crack 169 1

Propagation in Borehole Blasting.

A.L. Isakov et al , USSR.

Model Studies on Explosively Driven Cracks under 183 1

Confining In-situ Stresses.

K.R.Y. Simha et a l, USA

New Methods of Measuring Fracture Toughness on 199 \

Rock Core s.

F. Ouchterlony et al, Sweden

Discussion 4 883 3

Session 3.

INSTRUMENTAL SYSTEMS FOR EVALUATION OF FRAGMENTATION

Chairman: Dinis da Gama, vice chairman: Gunnar Almgren

Rock Fragmentation by Explosive s. 225 1

Stephen R. Winzer et al , USA



Page Volume

The Development Concept of the Integrated 251 1

Electronic Detonator.

Paul N. Worsey et al , USA

The Measuring Equipment and the Technique of 259 1

Particle Velocity - at Investigation of Dynamic

Rock Constitutive Equation In-situ.

Wang Wu-Ling et al , China

Interaction between Blast Design Variable s; 265 1

Experimental and Modelling Studies.

J.J. Dawes et al , Australia

Electromagnetic Velocity Gauge Measurement of 289 1

Rock Mass-Motion during Blasting .

Chapman Young et al, USA.

Discussion 5 885

Increasing Productivity through Field Control 301

and High-Speed Photography.

R. Frank Chiappetta et al , USA

A Method for Estimation of Fragment Size Distribution 333

with Automatic Image Processing.

Olle Carlsson et al , Sweden

Instrumented Model Scale Blasting in Conc rete . 799

Gert Bjarnholt et al, Sweden

Discussion 6 * 889

Session 4.

FEM AND FINITE DIFFERENCE-CODES

Chairman: Gwynn Harries, vice chairman: Per-Anders Persson

Numerical Simulation of Fracture and Fragmentation. 347

L.G. Margolin et al, USA

Simulation of Rock Blasting with the Shale Code. 361

T.F. Adams et al , USA

Numerical Modelling of Rock Fragmentation. 375

S. Valliappan et al, Australia

Computer Simulation of Blast—Induced Vibr ation, Fracture 393

and Fragmentation processes in Brittle Rocks.

Peter Digby et al, Sweden

Computational Simulations of Dynamically induced 407

Fracture and Fragmentation.

Stuart McHugh, USA

Discussion 7 893



Session 5.

MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR BiAST AND FRAGMENTATION

PREDICTIONS

Chairman: L.G. Margolin, vice chairman: Roger Holmberg Page Volume

Rock Displacement Velocity during a Bench Blast. 753 2

R.F. Favreau, Canada

The modelling of Long Cylindrical Charges of Explosive. 419 2

Gwynn Harries, Australia

The Kuz-Ram Model for Prediction of Fragmentation 439 2

from Blasting.

C.V.B. Cunningham, South Africa

Discussion 8 899 3

Computer Modelling of Fragmentation from an Array 455 2

of Shotholes.

C M . Lownds, South Africa

Some Ideas on how to Improve Calculations of the 469 2

Fragment Size Distribution in Bench Blasting .

Hans Hjelmberg, Sweden.

Session 6.

INFLUENCE OF JOINT AND ROCK STRUCTURE ON FRAGMENTATION

Chairman: Calvin J. Konya, vice chairman: Lennart Ottosson

Differentiated Blasting Technique for Optimum 495 2

Fragmentation at Aitik Copper Mine . A case study.

Gustaf Tham, Sweden ,

Fragmentation in Jointed Rock Materi al. 505 2

W.L. Fourney et al, USA

Influence of Joints on Rock Blasting. A Model 533 2

Scale study.

D.P. Singh et al, India

Influence of Structural Geology on Controlled 555 2

Blasting in Sedimentary Rocks - Case History.

Goran Lande, USA

Discussions 9 903 3

Use of Comminution Theory to Predict Fragmentation 565 2

of Jointed Rock Masses Subjected to Blasting.

Dinis da Gama, Brazil

The influence from Primary Structure on Fragmentation. 581 2

Yang Zu Guang et al, Sweden

Experimental Investigation of Dynamic Surface 605 2

Response to Explosive Loading.David C Holloway et al , USA

Discussions 10 905 3



Session 7.

COST ANALYSES OF THE SYSTEM OF DRILLING, BLASTING,

MUCKING, CRUSHING AND TRANSPORTATION

Chairman: Stephen R. Winzer, vice chairman: Ingemar Marklund Page Volume

Electric Shovel Performance as a Measure of Blasting 625 2

Efficiency.S.R. Williamson et al, Australia

Development of a Fragmentation Monitoring 637 2

System for Evaluating Open Stope Blast

Performance at Mount Isa Min es.

J.R.T. Grant et al, Australia

Optimization of Open Pit Bench Blasting.

Kai Nielsen, Norway

The Precision of Long Hole Drilling with Modern 665 2

Machines in Mining Operations.Angelo Medda et al, Italy


Sublevel Stoping in Strassa Mine. 685 2

Kurt Gustafsson, Sweden

Energy Requirements of Rock Breaking in Mining 705 2

Operations; Considerations and Propos als.

Pier Paolo Manca et al, Italy

Accurate Bench Drilling Aids - for Better 725 2

Overall Economy .

Bjb rn Karlsson, Sweden.

Sources of Error in Long Hole Drilling - 739 2

their Consequences and how to avoid them.

Per-Erik Lindvall, Sweden

The Effect of Blasting on the Grade of Ore Crushing. 909 3

S.D. Victorov, USSR


PANEL DISCUSSION 915 3

Opening of the panel discussion. Roger Holmberg 915 3

Part 1. The Organization of International Blasting 917 3

Research and Standardization. Moderator: Agne Rustan

Part 2. New Developments in Technique to Control 918 3

Fragmentation and Their Impact on Modern Mining and

Construction Engineering. Moderator: Roger Holmberg



Page Volume

A New Technique for Controlled Small-Scale Hydraulic 921 3

Fracturing.

J.J. Kolle, USA

Errata Sheet 937 3

List of Participants 939 3

rock fragmentation by blasting

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