rock cycle, earth’s layers, and tectonic plate boundaries this slideshow is licensed under a...

Rock Cycle, Earth’s Layers, and Tectonic Plate Boundaries

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JEOPARDY BOARDEarth’s

LayersPlate

BoundariesGeologic Activity Evidence Rocks! Rock Cycle

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FINAL JEOPARDY

What do scientists think that the core of the Earth is made of (composition)?

Earth’s Layers - $100 Question

Click to see answer

■Metal - iron and nickel

Earth’s Layers - $100 Answer

Click to return to Jeopardy Board

■Explain one way that the inner and outer core are different.


Click to see answer

■The inner core is solid due to high pressure, and the outer core is liquid due to high temperature.



In what layer do convection currents happen?


Click to see answer

■ The mantle



Explain how convection currents work inside our Earth.


Click to see answer

■In the mantle, convection currents are a cycle where the magma gets heated by Earth’s core and rises, and then it cools and sinks – this is what moves the tectonic plates.



■What are the scientific names for the upper and middle part of the mantle?


Click to see answer

■Upper mantle = lithosphere

■Middle mantle = asthenosphere



■What type of boundary has plates that scrape across each other in opposite directions?

Plate Boundaries - $100 Question

Click to see answer

■Transform

Plate Boundaries - $100 Answer


■How do the plates move at a divergent boundary?


Click to see answer

■Apart/away from each other



What type of boundary has two plates pushing together and one goes

under the other?


Click to see answer

■Convergent subduction



Explain what happens to the plates at a convergent buckling boundary AND what type of plates it involves.


Click to see answer

■Convergent buckling = two plates push together and both go up

■This usually happens when two continental plates come together because they have the same density



Draw a subduction zone/boundary and label the types of crust. Explain what is happening and why.


Click to see answer

Subduction occurs when there’s an oceanic plate and a continental plate pushing together. The oceanic plate goes under the continental plate because the oceanic plate is more dense. (*This can also occur between two oceanic plates.)



What type of geologic activity happens at a transform boundary?

Geologic Activity - $100 Question

Click to see answer

■earthquakes

Geologic Activity - $100 Answer


What type of geologic activity happens at a convergent buckling boundary? Give an

example.


Click to see answer

MountainsEX: Himalayas



Name three types of geologic activity that happens at a convergent subduction zone/boundary.


Click to see answer

■volcanoes■trenches■mountains■earthquakes



Explain how/where seafloor spread happens (also known as mid-ocean ridges).


Click to see answer

■Seafloor spread/mid-ocean ridges occur at divergent boundaries in the middle of the ocean. The two plates pull apart from each other, magma rises up from the mantle, and it cools and hardens into new rock.



Explain why earthquakes happen at transform boundaries.


Click to see answer

■When two plates rub together, it causes friction, and the pressure between the plates builds up. When the plates slip, it causes the earth to shake.



According to the map above, where do the majority of

volcanoes and earthquakes occur?

Evidence - $100 Question

Click to see answer

■On or near tectonic plate boundaries (where two tectonic plates meet/move).

Evidence - $100 Answer


■ Scientists have found fossils of the same animal species on multiple continents, but the animal could not swim, so how did the animal get to the different continents?

Evidence- $200 Question

Click to see answer

■If the animal wasn’t able to swim to the different continents, this suggests that the continents must have been connected.

Evidence- $200 Answer


■Scientists know that plants and animals need a warmer climate to survive, yet we’ve found fossils in Antarctica – how’s that possible?


Click to see answer

■ This suggests that long ago Antarctica used to be located closer to the equator and had a warmer climate, and sometime in the past, it moved to its current location.



■ Summarize three pieces of evidence that led Alfred Wegener to his theory of “continental drift”.


Click to see answer

■ The shape of the continents appear to fit together, especially South America and Africa.

■ Fossils from the same dinosaur and plant species were found on multiple continents, suggesting the continents were once connected.

■ Fossils have been found on Antarctica which suggests that Antarctica used to be warmer and closer to the equator.



Explain what scientists predict will happen to our continents millions

of years in the future.

Evidence - $500 Question

Click to see answer

Scientists believe that all of the continents used to be connected in a supercontinent called Pangaea and have moved apart throughout history. Thus, in the future, many believe that they will continue to move in the same direction and eventually meet on the other side of the planet.

Evidence - $500 Answer


What are tiny pieces of rock called?

Rocks! - $100 Question

Click to see answer

■sediment

Rocks! - $100 Answer


Which type of rock is made from cooled, hardened magma?


Click to see answer

igneous



Explain how sedimentary rock is formed.


Click to see answer

■ Sedimentary rock is made of layers of tiny pieces of rock (sediment) pressed together or compacted.



Explain how metamorphic rocks are formed.


Click to see answer

■ Metamorphic rocks are made when sedimentary or igneous rocks are CHANGED by heat and pressure.



If an igneous rock is porous (has holes in it), what does that say about how it was formed?


Click to see answer

If an igneous rock has holes in it, it means that the magma/lava cooled

very slowly.



How does rock (any type) turn into magma?

Rock Cycle - $100 Question

Click to see answer

It heats up and melts.

Rock Cycle - $100 Answer


■What is it called when sediment is pressed together over time (it turns sediment into sedimentary rock)?


Click to see answer

■ compaction



Explain what erosion is and what is causes.


Click to see answer

■Erosion is when rocks are worn/broken down into tiny pieces by wind or water. It turns rocks into tiny pieces or sediment.



EXPLAIN HOW erosion, deposition, and compaction work together to form sedimentary rock.


Click to see answer

■First, a piece of rock would be broken down/eroded into tiny pieces of sediment.

■Then, the sediment is carried by the wind/water and deposited somewhere.

■Next, the sediment is compacted and turns into sedimentary rock.



Explain the journey of a piece of gneiss (metamorphic rock) through the rock cycle beginning with magma.


Click to see answer

– First, the rock would be “born” from magma, and it would cool and harden into a piece of igneous rock.

– Over time, the igneous rock would be broken down into sediment/eroded by wind or water.

– Then, the sediment would need to be deposited somewhere and compacted to turn it into a sedimentary rock.

– That sedimentary rock would undergo years and years of heat and pressure inside of the Earth to become a metamorphic rock.



Topic: Erosion

FINAL

Click to see question

Explain two things that affect erosion and how they affect it (making it faster or slower).

Final Jeopardy Question

Click to see answer

Three things that affect erosion are:• The steepness of the slope of the land/area

– More steep = more erosion– Less steep = less erosion

• The amount of plants found in the area– More plants = less erosion– Less plants = more erosion

Final Jeopardy Answer


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