Robert_Copp@dot.ca.gov

““PREVIOUS PREVIOUS SUCCESSES”SUCCESSES”

OLYMPIAD XXIII - 1984 Projections of Huge Traffic Jams / Images of Stranded Tourists Missing Events Residents “Scared” into Leaving Town

Los Angeles Praised -“Great Planning!”

SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE - 1989 No Advance Warning Motorists / Congestion Disappeared Diversions Did Not Account for Total “Where Did They All Go??”

San Francisco Praised - “Great Work!”

“People are Resilient

AND Resourceful!”

STUDY PURPOSESTUDY PURPOSE

Evaluate District compliance with Guidelines Evaluate Typical Measures of Effectiveness Determine Most Effective Strategies Evaluate Cost versus Benefit Establish Lessons Learned Formulate Recommendations to Improve TMP Process / Modify Guidelines

8 of 15 of the Most Congested

Cities are in California

Caltrans’ Caltrans’ MissionMission

“We must get the most out of the roads we have before building any new

ones…..well, duh!”

To Improve To Improve MobilityMobilityAcross CaliforniaAcross California

DEPUTY DIRECTIVE 60 DEPUTY DIRECTIVE 60 (Eff. (Eff. 2000)2000)

WHAT’S THE POLICY?WHAT’S THE POLICY?Construction Special Events

EncroachmentPermits

Maintenance

Caltrans’ commitment is to: Minimize motorist delays for ALL activities on the State highway system without compromising public or worker safety, or the quality of the work being performed.

..but with VaryingLevels of Treatment..

TMP CATEGORIES & STRATEGIESTMP CATEGORIES & STRATEGIES

“ “Blanket” TMPBlanket” TMP ““Major” TMP Major” TMP (~5% (~5%

of Projects)of Projects) No expected delays Off peak Low volume roads Moving lane closures

Significant impacts Significant impacts caused by work caused by work

Multiple TMP Multiple TMP strategies strategies

Multiple contractsMultiple contracts

Minimal impacts caused by work

Lane closure charts required

Some mitigation measures required

“Minor” TMP(Majority)

Portable CMS, FSP, TMT,Off-peak hours

Public Awareness Campaigns, Fixed CMS,

Extended Closures, Moveable Barriers, COZEEP, Detours,

Reduced Lane Widths, Website, Helicopter..

Night Work, Portable& Fixed CMS, COZEEP, TMT, HAR, FSP, Gawk

Screens..

Six TMP StrategiesSix TMP Strategies

• PP

• MM

• II

• CC

• DD

• AA

ublic Information

otorist Information

ncident Management

onstruction Strategies

emand Management

lternate Routes

TMP Costs for one Project were estimatedas high as $7,000,000

Overall Corridor

Public Awareness

Motorist Information

Incident Management

How Would You Measure the How Would You Measure the Effectiveness of TMP Effectiveness of TMP Strategies?Strategies?

Personal or Mail-inSurveys, No. of Calls or

Website Hits, PublicMeeting Attendance ..

Personal or Mail-inSurveys, TrafficObservations ..

Accident Response /Removal Time,

Pre- / Post- AccidentRates ..

Traffic Volume Counts,Floating Car Runs,

Queue Lengths, Transit Ridership,

Video Surveillance ..

Construction Strategies

Demand Management

Alternate Routes

Measurement of Effectiveness Measurement of Effectiveness

(Cont.)(Cont.)

Trip Mode Distribution, Park ‘n’ Ride Lot Usage,

Carpooling Surveys,Employer Surveys ..

Traffic Volume CountsFloating Car Runs,Origin/Destination

Surveys ..

Traffic Volume Counts,Floating Car Runs,

Queue Lengths, LaneClosures Set / Picked

Up on Time ..

Example ofExample of Corridor Corridor Effectiveness ResultsEffectiveness Results

Vehicle Delay

Traffic Volumes

Length of Queues

Safety

District 07I-10 Long-Life Pavement Project

Traffic Demand onInterstate 10 was

reduced by 57% (from112,000 to 56,000 veh)

Initial Estimate = 44 miles

Actual Queue Length= 1.9 miles

Pre-Const. Estimate= 1,000,000 veh-hrs

Actual Delay= 16,000 veh-hrs

No collisions orEmployee injuries

occurred in theWork Zone Project Characteristics

- Fast-setting Hydraulic Concrete- Closed 2 of 4 Lanes- Extended 55-Hour Closures

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

10-1

1PM

Mid

-1 A

M

2-3

AM

4-5

AM

6-7

AM

8-9

AM

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M

Noo

n-1

PM

2-3

PM

4-5

PM

6-7

PM

8-9

PM

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M

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-1 A

M

2-3

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4-5

AM

6-7

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8-9

AM

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6-7

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8-9

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TIME

TOTA

L D

ELA

Y (v

eh-h

r)

Projected Delay

Actual Delay

(Initial Projected Delay = 1 Hour / Vehicle)

(Delay in minutes) Sat. Sun.

Rte 30/Foothill Blvd. 9 2 Arrow Highway 7 2 Holt Ave. 6 5 Mission Blvd. 3 2 DetourRte 60 Freeway 20 34

District 07I-10 Long-Life Pavement Project

Actual Delay in Work Actual Delay in Work Zone Zone WithWith TMP TMP

StrategiesStrategies

But.. WHICH strategies

led to theseGreat Results??

511

MOST EFFECTIVE MOST EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES STRATEGIES

- PUBLIC AWARENESS- PUBLIC AWARENESS

Leave Earlieror Later ..

Use HOV, Bus or Rail

“Which wayshould we

go today..?”

“If you drive I-80, you might want to consider

an alternate route this morning..”

Telecommute ..

Slogans AND Maps are Good and

Easy to Remember..

Instead of saying

“Bridge Replacement

Project” --...

“Improve Your Driveon the Five!”

Advance Awareness of Central Freeway Closure

2%

4%

5%

6%

7%

10%

11%

15%

32%

37%

40%

42%

50%

63%

78%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

Public Meetings

Other

Radio "Man in the Street"

Banners

One--Page Flyers

Billboards

Newsletters

Newspaper Ads

Fold-Out Brochures

Word of Mouth

Radio News Reports

Radio Traffic Reports

Freeway Signs

TV News

Newspaper Articles

Percent Remembering

What Did the Public Notice?What Did the Public Notice?

PercentagePercentage

District 04Central Freeway Replacement Project

Metro Traffic

511

Project Characteristics- Full-freeway Closure- On- and Off-Ramps Closed- Extensive Public Info Campaign

-- Based on “Based on “00” delay (Const.)” delay (Const.)

- 5 -15 minutes Delay (Maint.)- 5 -15 minutes Delay (Maint.)

- According to District Traffic - According to District Traffic Managers - eliminates about Managers - eliminates about 90%90% of potential delay of potential delay

PROBLEMSPROBLEMS

- Const. windows reduced- Const. windows reduced

- More Night work (Urban/Rural)- More Night work (Urban/Rural)

- Comparative Quality?- Comparative Quality?

- Comparative Safety?- Comparative Safety?

Location:

Remarks:

Legend:

Chart No. _Lane Requirements and Hours of Work

a.m. p.m.

FROM HOUR TO HOUR 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Mondays through Thursdays

Fridays

Saturdays

Sundays

1 Provide at least one through freeway lane open in direction of travel

2 Provide at least two adjacent through freeway lanes open in direction of travel

3 Provide at least three adjacent through freeway lanes open in direction of travel

4 Provide at least four adjacent through freeway lanes open in direction of travel

5 Provide at least five adjacent through freeway lanes open in direction of travel

S No lane closure permitted; work permitted anywhere that does not require lane closure

No lane closure permitted; no work permitted

Effective Construction StrategiesEffective Construction Strategies

LANE REQUIREMENT LANE REQUIREMENT CHARTSCHARTS

Effective Construction Effective Construction Strategies Strategies (Cont.)(Cont.)

• CONSTRUCTION STAGINGCONSTRUCTION STAGING

• DELAY PENALTY --DELAY PENALTY -- “Hammer” for the RE “Hammer” for the RE to charge the Contractor to charge the Contractor ($$$)($$$) for late for late pick-up of the closure .pick-up of the closure .

• EXTENDED CLOSURESEXTENDED CLOSURES (e.g. 55-Hour (e.g. 55-Hour Weekends or 72-Hour Weekdays)Weekends or 72-Hour Weekdays)

• NARROW LANE WIDTHS or USE OF NARROW LANE WIDTHS or USE OF SHOULDERS (PEAK PERIOD) SHOULDERS (PEAK PERIOD)

• MOVEABLE BARRIERSMOVEABLE BARRIERS

• CONTRAFLOWCONTRAFLOW (“Crossovers”)(“Crossovers”)

• CONTINGENCY PLANSCONTINGENCY PLANS (Redundancy)(Redundancy)

District 08I-15 Devore PCCP Reconstruction

EXTENDED CLOSURE EXTENDED CLOSURE - Schedule, Cost & - Schedule, Cost & Delay ComparisonDelay Comparison Project Characteristics

- Full-Freeway Closed - one direction- Extended 72-Hour Closures

Total Closures

Closure Hours

User Delay

ConstructionTraffic

Handling Total

72-Hour Weekday 8 512 5.6 10.5 2.1 18.2 75

55-Hour Weekend 10 550 14.2 12.5 2.6 29.3 196

1 Roadbed Continuous 2 400 6.9 8.9 1.0 16.8 196

10-Hour Night-time 220 2,200 4.9 19.1 1.3 25.3 36

Max.Delay(Min)

ConstructionScenario

Schedule Comparison Cost Comparison ($Millions)

• NO. OF PEAK HOUR TRIPSNO. OF PEAK HOUR TRIPS

• VAN POOL RIDERSVAN POOL RIDERS

• BUS TRIPSBUS TRIPS

• PARK ‘N’ RIDE USAGEPARK ‘N’ RIDE USAGE

Effective Strategies Effective Strategies -- Demand Management-- Demand Management

38% increase

313% Increase

4% AverageReduction

29% Increase

District 05Cuesta Grade Project

Strategy Cost= $3,300,000

Strategy Cost= $780,000

Project Characteristics- Addition of NB / SB Truck-Climbing Lanes- Addition of Eight-foot Shoulders- Construction of massive Retaining Walls

Alternate Route Alternate Route StrategiesStrategies (Info obtained

by Survey)

Different Freeway or Ramp Route - 76%

Freeway / Transit - 3%

Freeway / Fewer Trips - 1%

Other - 2%

No Longer Made Trip - 3%

City Streets Only - 11%

Public Transit - 2%

Freeway / Streets - 2%

District 04Central Freeway Replacement Project

BENEFITS VS. COSTS??BENEFITS VS. COSTS??“Bang for the Buck...”“Bang for the Buck...”

• PP

• MM

• II

• CC

• DD

• AA

ublic Information

otorist Information

onstruction Strategies

emand Management

lternate Routes

ncident Management

$607,500

$835,000

$2,767,000

---

$400,000

$10,000

District 11I-5 / I-805 Widening Project

Goal - Increase Van, Carpools, Bus by 5% / Change worktime by 2%

COZEEP Cost = $1,700,000

COMPARE COST VS. DELAY SAVINGS

Strategy Cost

Project Characteristics- Const. Separate Freeway Bypass- Const. of new Interchange / Auxiliary Lanes

• PUBLIC AWARENESS

• Newspapers • TV News Spots

• ADVANCE SIGNAGE

• Before Decision Points• On Preceding Weeks / Weekends

• ADHERE TO LANE REQ’MT CHARTS • Real-Time Statusing is Needed• Penalties for Late Lane Opening

• KEEP LANES OPEN• Narrow Lane Widths• Shoulder Usage during Peak

LESSONS LESSONS LEARNEDLEARNED

PUBLIC AWARENESS:

MOST Effective Strategies

facilitate Decision-Making by Driving

Public to avoid Work Zone

CONSTRUCTION

Strategies are also very effective

• CONSIDER OTHER STRATEGIES:• Extended Closures vs. Night Closures (“Get in & Stay in -- Get out & Stay out!”)• Close Coordination w/ Locals (Detours, Signals…)• Shorten Contract Time through Incentives

• COST VS. BENEFIT• $$$ on Work Zone Enforcement vs. Benefit ??• $$$ on Brochures, Ads, Flyers, vs. Benefit ??

(Media Coverage -- no cost for Major Projects)• Costs of TMP Strategies vs. Delay costs

• OTHER ISSUES• Truck Restrictions / Closures on Parallel Routes• Cumulative Impacts due to Multiple Projects (Combine closures when advantageous)

LESSONS LEARNED (cont.)LESSONS LEARNED (cont.)Delay cost to motorists

TMP Cost

• STREAMLINE TMP PROCESS• Blanket / Minor Projects (Standardized Forms)• Major Projects (Brief, Standardized Reports) • Critical Monitoring Activities - Delay Counts, Runs

• PROPOSED STUDIES• Detailed TMP Effectiveness - Costs vs. Benefits• Full-Freeway vs. Night Closures• Enforcement Practices (Placement, etc.)

• MODIFY TMP GUIDELINES• Standardize Monitoring Practices • Standardize Reporting Practices• Include Non-Motorized Considerations

RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS

Robert_Copp@dot.ca.gov

• TMP Process • Relationship between Project Characteristics and TMP Strategies• Sample Unit Costs for TMP Strategies• TMP Strategies -- Unit cost Info• Sample Worksheet -- Blanket TMP• Sample Delay Calculations

HANDOUTSHANDOUTS

Project Public Motorist Incident Const. Demand Alternate

Characteristic Information Information Management Strategies Management RoutesDuration Long Long LongLength Short Short Short LongPhasing x x x x xUrbanization x (Non-Urbanized) xAverage Daily Traffic x x xReduced Capacity x x x x x xViable Alternate Routes x x x (No Alternate Routes) x x xTraffic Delay x x x x x xPublic / Media x x xPolitical x x x xAffected Activity Centers x x x x xTruck Percentage xBusiness Impacts x x xIncrease in Accidents x x xSteep Inclines x x xRaised Medians x x x

Relationship between Project Relationship between Project CharacteristicsCharacteristicsand Appropriate TMP Strategiesand Appropriate TMP Strategies

TMP ELEMENTS- "ROUGH" COSTSPublic Information

Hiring Consultant to do PR $250,000+ Mailer (printing) $0.5-1.0/1,000 Mailers Mailer (cost to distribute) $0.34/mailer Flyers (printing) $0.1-1.0/1,000 Flyers (cost to distribute by outside company) $65/1,000 Billboards (+ $1,000 to transfer to vinal) $2,500/month Press Release, Flyer, Bulletins (Develop, State Force) $224 Newspaper Ad (Black and White, 1/4 pg.) $6,000/day Newspaper Ad (Black and White, 1/2 pg.) 12,000/day Newspaper Ad (Black and White, full pg.) $18,000/day Newspaper Ad (Color, 1/4 pg.) $8,000/day Newspaper Ad (Color, 1/2 pg.) $14,000/day Newspaper Ad (Color, full pg.) $22,000/day Press Conference/Public Meeting (Depends on Loc'n/Rm Size) $0-1,000/day Open House $3,000 Radio Ad (varies greatly) $800/minute Telephone Hotline (+$250 Hook-up) $45/month TV Commercial (Local Cable) $4,000+ TV Commercial (Broadcast Channel) $20,000+ Kiosk Rental (Small) $1,200/month Kiosk Rental (Large) $1,500/month

Motorist Information

Permanent CMS $300,000 Portable CMS $10,000 Portable CMS (Rental) $350/day, $1,500/week,

$3,500/month Portable Highway Advisory Radio $60,000/unit Highway Advisory Radio (Super) $70,000/unit Ground Mounted Signs $300 each

Sample Unit Costs for TMP Sample Unit Costs for TMP Strategies Strategies

Incident Management

COZEEP/MAZEEP (Two Officers at night) $1,000/night Freeway Service Patrol (Including admin cost, $119.07/hr (reg. Time)

contingency and CHP dispatch) $116.45/hr (Over Time) Loop Detector $300 each CCTV 20000 to $200,000 Traffic Management Team (State Force) $0 Transportation Management Center (State Force) $0 Helicopter Surveillance $600/hour Mobile Command Center (State Furnished) $0 Web Camera Range between

$20,000 to 200,000

Construction Strategies

K-Rail $10-15/lf Movable Concrete Barrier (Rental) $30/lf Movable Concrete Barrier- Transport Machine (Rental) $100,000/6 months Gawk Screen (optional) $3/lf Temporary Signal $30,000 each

Demand Management Park & Ride $50/hr Ramp Metering $50,000/location

Alternate Route

Traffic Control Officers $50/hour

Sample Unit Costs for TMP Strategies Sample Unit Costs for TMP Strategies (Cont.)(Cont.)

TMP STRATEGIES -- UNIT COST INFO Source: TMP Effectiveness Study (Wilbur Smith, 1993)

Strategy Unit Cost Comment

Brochures and Mailers Cost could range between $.40 to $ .50/ brochure for a large quantity.

Variable depending on the text, graphics and presentation quality of the materials produced, numbers printed and distribution methods. Media Releases Cost varies with labor up to a few hours of labor/

month.Labor cost associated with TMP personnel interacting with media, as well as time developing press releases. Cost varies with labor up to a few hours of labor/ month.

Public Info. Center Basic cost would range from zero to $1.50 per square foot per month depending on the location.

Basic cost would range from zero to $1.50 per square foot per month depending on the location. Additional costs could include staffing, equipment, furnishings and operating costs.

Paid Advertising The cost depends on newspaper rates in the area, but can range between $100 to $600 for 3 column inches, one time only.

Visual Information Variable

Telephone Hotline Installation: In the range of $100 - $110 for one line (local access only). Additional Lines: Approximately $75.00 each. Monthly Fee: $20.00 plus usage (rates are discounted if over

Installation: This does not include having the actual line installed into the location). Additional Lines: Approximately $75.00 each.

CMS $35,000 to $50,000 to purchase depending upon whether installation is permanent or portable; $1,900 to $2,400/ month to lease in 1993 dollars. Annual operating costs can range from $13,000 to $22,000 (1989 dollars) per unit.

Signing and Striping Variable

Highway Advisory Radio

$30,000 to $35,000/ spot; $53,000 for portable unit

Traffic Monitoring Station

$30,000 per mile

PUBLIC INFORMATION

MOTORIST INFORMATION

INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

TMP STRATEGIES -- UNIT COST INFO (cont.) Source: TMP Effectiveness Study (Wilbur Smith, 1993)

Strategy Unit Cost Comment

Tow Service Cost/ truck hour of service ranges from $50.00 to $60.00. Annualized cost of $85,000/ vehicle, or about $250/ day.

Aerial Surveillance Ranges from $5,000 to 6,000 per month (based on D 12 project) to $12,000/ month (I-95 project in Florida)

Call Boxes $5,000 to $6,500 for field units (part of construction cost, not TM cost); $25,000 to $32,000 dispatching unit; $500 to $600 annual operating cost/ unit.

Cost could also include telephone message charges and dispatching.

COZEEP $50 to $60/ hour (Construction Zone Enforcement Enhancement Program)

Variable Lanes Temporary concrete barriers: $15 per linear foot Traffic cones: $10 each Channelizers: $35 each

Project Phasing Variable depending in the duration of construction, materials used for the stages construction, and additional design fees for preparation of PS & E.

Incentives / Disincentives

$6,000 per day with maximum 5 percent of construction cost for incentive $12,000 per day for disincentive (based on the I-45 project in Houston, Texas).

Cost + Time Bidding Not Available

Owner- Imposed Physical Restrictions

Not Available

Use of Owner- Supplied or Stockpiled Materials

Not Available

Value Engineering Incentive

Not Available

Surveillance Not Available

Lane/Ramp Closures $2,800 per direction per count location Counts may already be available in District's inventory section

CONSTRUCTION STRATEGIES

TMP STRATEGIES -- UNIT COST INFO (cont.) Source: TMP Effectiveness Study (Wilbur Smith, 1993)

Strategy Unit Cost Comment

Glare/ Gawk Screens $10 per linear foot to lease, $15 per linear foot to purchase

Truck Traffic Restrictions

None

Total Facility Closure Cost for COZEEP depends on extent of closure

Lane-By-Lane Rental Varies, depending on construction engineering costs, traffic control costs and road user costs. This element would typically be funded as part of the construction contract, rather than the TMP.

Rideshare Incentives Vanpooling incentives range from $.19 to $ .62 per vehicle using the corridor (based on ADT).

Rideshare Marketing Unknown. TMP costs do not differentiate between overall marketing costs and rideshare marketing costs.

Park-and Ride Lots Temporary at- grade parking would cost $1,000 per space with $50/ space with annual maintenance cost.

Variable, depending whether new lots must be acquired or built.

Transit Service Improvements

$5.00/ vehicle mile.

Transit Incentives Depends on level of incentive, up to $60/ month is not tax- free

High Occupancy Vehicle Lanes

$6,000 per mile for temporary HOV lane.

Parking Management/ Pricing

Minimal

Ramp Closure and Ramp Metering

$80,000 to $100,000 per ramp for ramp metering.

Street Improvements Approximately $10,000 per intersection. Variable depending on the magnitude of geometric changes.

Traffic Control Improvements

$10,000 to 25,000 per temporary signal or signal modification.

DEMAND MANAGEMENT

ALTERNATE ROUTES

TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT PLANS “BLANKET CLOSURE” FORM F

District CountyRoute Postmile(s)No. of Lanes Affected Length of SegmentLocation DescriptionWork DescriptionInitial Date / Time Ending Date / TimeExpected Duration Expected Delay (minutes)

BLANKET TMP ACTIVITIES -- Please check the appropriate box(es):

Bridge inspection / repair Lighting repairs / relamping RestripingCulvert / drainage – cleanout/ inspection / repairs

Non-landscaped areatree/brush/vegetation work

Right-of-Way Fence repair

Delineator / Postmile markerrepairs / replacement

Electrical maintenance Safety and Accidentinvestigations

Ditch and channel work Median barrier / attenuatorrepairs (off traveled way)

Shoulder area grading forlateral support

Driveway construction Pavement coring / testing Sign repairs / replacementDebris / litter removal Pavement - minor repairs /

replacementSump pump repairs / cleaning

Facility patrols andsurveillance

Pavement – grinding operations(AC digouts)

Surveying

Graffiti abatement/clean-upon walls / signs / equipmentcabinets

Roadside Facilities (Rest Area /Vista Points)

Tree maintenance (trimming /pruning)

Landscaping (irrigation /vegetation control – spraying,mowing)

Roadside Facilities (WeighStation / Park and Ride Lot)

Utilities placement /maintenance

FACILITY TYPE OF CLOSURE

Mainline Bridge Lane One-wayAuxiliary lane On-ramp Full Freeway VariousMedian Off-ramp MovingShoulder Connector

ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONDid you prepare Lane Closure Charts? Yes No Was “Zero delay” goal accomplished? (I f not, be sure to specify the expected delay above.)

Yes No

Are there adjacent Lane Closures in the same corridor? Yes No I f Yes, what is the spacing?

Contact Person: _________________________Phone: __________________(office)

____________________(cel)

Percent Truck: 0.0% Cost per Truck: $24/Veh-HrPercent Passenger Cars: 100.0% Cost per Passenger Car: $9/Veh-Hr

Number of Lanes Existing: 4 Lanes Cost for Mixed Flow Traffic: $9/Veh-HrNumber of Lanes Open: 2 Lanes Single-Lane Capacity: 1500 Veh/Hr

Open-Lane Capacity: 3000 Veh/Hr

TimeDemand

(Veh)

Cumulative Demand

(Veh)

Cumulative Capacity

(Veh)

Difference (Veh)

Area (Veh-Hr)

Queue Length (mile)

Individual Delay

(minutes)

6 AM 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

7 AM 5309 5309 3000 2309 1154.5 2.7 46

8 AM 6945 12254 6000 6254 4281.5 7.4 125

Max. Individual Delay: 125 minutes 0.0Vehicle Delay Hours: 5,436 veh-hr

Total Cost of Delay: $48,924Delay Cost/10min: $4,077

Operation: Multilane Closure

Count Date: 5-3-2001

RTE Location: Demand vs. Capacity

0

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Sample Delay Calculations Sample Delay Calculations