ROADS IN PAKISTAN

Definition:-

A wide way leading from one place to another

BY : Shahid

Road : As a Backbone for Economyroad transport, is one of

the key features of the past 50 years as it has facilitated trade, it has allowed the improvement of movement of people and goods. To have an overview of the road sector it I the Backbone for the Economy of any country of the world

BY : Shahid

TYPES OF ROADS:-There are several

types of roads . But mainly as being a freight forwarding we just focus on two below types of Roads

HighwayMotorway

MOTORWAYS

MOTOWAYS :-

The Motorways of Pakistan are the nationally coordinated high-speed, limited access or controlled access highways in Pakistan, and maintained and operated by the National Highway Authority.

All motorways are either 6-lane or 4-lane roads, with the option of expanding to 6-lanes, as congestion increases over time.

CONSTRUCTION HISTORY OF MOTORWAYS IN PAKISTAN:-The construction of motorways began in the early 1990s with the idea building a world class road network and to reduce the load off the heavily used national highways throughout the country. The M2 was the first motorway completed in 1998, linking the cities of Islamabad and Lahore. In the past 5 years, many new motorways have opened up including the M1, M3.

MORORWAY FEATURE:-

All motorways are either 6-lane or 4-lane roads, with the option of expanding to 6-lanes, as congestion increases over time.

TOTAL LENGTH OF MOTORWAYS IN PAKISTAN:-As of August 2011, operational motorways in Pakistan had a combined length of 679.5 km with another 278 km were under construction. At least 1200 km of motorways are further planned over the next 10 years.

SPEED LIMIT ON MOTORWAYS IN PAKISTAN:-

The speed limit for "Heavy Transport Vehicles" is between 80 km/h to 100 km/h while "Light Transport Vehicles" have a speed limit of 120 km/h.

ACCESS OR ENTRY ON MOTORWAYS IN PAKISTANEntry to all motorways are restricted to only fast moving vehicles, including high-performance heavy bikes. They have a central median and are fenced on either side for safety and prevention of unauthorized access by pedestrians, animals and slow-moving vehicles. Pedestrians, bicycles, low-performance motorcycles, animal-driven carriages and other slow-moving vehicles are not permitted.

MOTORWAYS AS NATIONAL TRADE CORRIDOR:-Pakistan's motorways are part of the "National Trade Corridor Project", which aims to link Pakistan's three Arabian Sea ports (Port of Karachi, Port Bin Qasim and Gwadar Port) to the rest of the country and further north with Afghanistan, Central Asia and China.

Patrolling and enforcement

Pakistan's National Highways and Motorway Police patrolling the M2 Motorway.

Pakistan's Motorways are patrolled by Pakistan's National Highways and Motorway Police (NH&MP), which is responsible for enforcement of traffic and safety laws, security and recovery on the Pakistan Motorway network. The NH&MP use SUVs, cars and heavy motorbikes for patrolling purposes and speed cameras for enforcing speed limits.

Emergency Runways The M-1 and the M-2 motorways

both include x (2 on each motorway with 9,000 feet) for use by the Pakistan Air Force. The four emergency runway sections become operational by removing the removable concrete medians using forklifts. The Pakistan Air Force has used the M-2 as a runway twice, once in 2000 when it landed an F-7P fighter, a Super Mushak trainer and a C-130. The PAF again did this in 2010 to land, refuel and take-off a Mirage III and an F-7P, during its Highmark 2010 exercise.

HIGHWAYS

SHORT INTRO OF NATIONAL HIGHWAYS:-Pakistan has a nationwide network of national highways that are distinct from its motorways. The main difference between the two are that, unlike motorways, national highways are not controlled-access or limited access. As in the case of motorways, Pakistan's National Highway Authority is responsible for all national highways. National Highways are pre-fixed with the letter 'N' followed by a numeral or numerals and a hyphen in between, e.g. N-5.Pakistan's National Highways include famous highways such as the G T Road, Indus Highway, Karakoram Highway and Makran Coastal Highway.National Highways are also distinct from Pakistan's 'Strategic Highways', which begin with the prefix 'S' and are controlled by Pakistan's Ministry of Defence in the country proper and by the Pakistan Army in AJK.

MAKRAN COASTAL HIGHWAY:-Makran Coastal Highway is a 653 km-long coastal highway along Pakistan's Arabian Sea coastline. It runs primarily through Balochistan province between Karachi and Gwadar, passing near the port towns of Ormara and Pasni.The official and technical designation of the Makran Coastal Highway is N10, which is the abbreviation for National Highway 10.

THE KARAKORAM HIGHWAY ( KKH):-The Karakoram Highway (KKH) is the highest paved international road in the world, but at its peak at the China-Pakistan border it is only paved on the Chinese side. It connects China and Pakistan across the Karakoram mountain range, through the Khunjerab Pass, at an altitude of 4,693 m/15,397 ft as confirmed by both SRTM and multiple GPS readings. It connects China's Xinjiang region with Pakistan's Gilgit-Baltistan and also serves as a popular tourist attraction. Due to its high elevation and the difficult conditions in which it was constructed, it is also referred to as the "Ninth Wonder of the World.The Karakorum Highway is known informally as the KKH, and — within Pakistan — officially as the N-35; within China, officially as China National Highway 314 (G314).

The Karakoram Highway, also known as the Friendship Highway in China, was built by the governments of Pakistan and China, it was started in 1959 and was completed in 1979(open to the public since 1986) about 810 Pakistanis and about 200 Chinese workers lost their lives,[5] mostly in landslides and falls, while building the highway. The route of the KKH traces one of the many paths of the ancient Silk Road.

SECTIONS OF KARAKORAM HIGHWAY ( KKH):-KKH is divided into two section , one is under Pakistani Government and other is Chinese section which controlled by the Chinese Government.

PAKISTANI SECTION OF KARAKORAM HIGHWAY:-The Pakistani section of the highway is 806 km long. It starts from Abbottabad (though N-35 of which KKH is now a part, officially starts from Hassanabdal). The highway meets the Indus River at Thakot, and continues along the river until Bunji, where the Gilgit River joins the Indus River. This is the place where three great mountain ranges meet, the Hindukush, the Himalaya and the Karakoram. The western end of the Himalayas, marked by the 9th highest peak in the world, Nanga Parbat can be seen from the highway. The highway passes through the capital of the Gilgit-Baltistan, Gilgit, and continues to the beautiful valleys of Nagar and Hunza, along the Hunza River. Some of the highest mountains and famous glaciers in the Karakoram can be seen from the highway in this section. Finally, the highway meets the Pakistan-China border at Khunjerab Pass.

CHINESE SECTION OF KARAKORAM HIGHWAY:-The Karakoram Highway in the Xinjiang region of China.The Chinese Section of the Karakoram Highway follows the north-south Sarykol ('Yellow Lake') valley just west of the Tarim Basin, which is barely visible in the satellite image at left. The road from Kashgar goes southwest about 80 km and then turns west to enter the Gez (Ghez) River canyon between Chakragil mountain on the north and Kongur mountain on the south. From the Gez canyon the population becomes Kirgiz. Having climbed up to the valley, the road turns south past Kongur, Karakul Lake and Muztagh Ata on the east. Below Muztagh Ata a new road goes west over the Kulma Pass to join the Pamir Highway in Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan. The main road continues over a low pass (where the population becomes Tajik) and descends to Tashkurgan. Further south a valley and jeep track leads west towards the Wakhjir Pass to the Wakhan Corridor. Next the road turns west to a checkpost and small settlement at Pirali, and then the Khunjerab Pass, beyond which is Pakistan, the Khunjerab River and Hunza.