road user costs model 20100218

7/28/2019 Road User Costs Model 20100218

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HDM-4 Road User Costs

Model Version 2.00

Rodrigo Archondo-Callao

February 18, 2010

http://worldbank.org/roadsoftwaretools/


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HDM-4 RUC Model Version 2.00

Road User Costs Knowledge System (RUCKS)HDM-4 RUC Model Version 2.00, February 12, 2010

Step Inputs Calculations Outputs

1) I-Vehicle Fleet & Country Data

I-Vehicle Fleet Calibration

Road User Costs O-Road User Costs

2) I-Road Characteristics O-Resources and Performance

O-Emissions

Sensitivity Analysis O-Roughness Sensitivity

3) I-Sensitivity Parameters O-Speed Limit Sensitivity

O-Traffic Sensitivity

O-RONET RUC Coefficients

O-Charts One Vehicle

O-Charts All Vehicles

Network Road User Costs

4) I-Network Characteristics O-Network Road User Costs

Cost Benefit Analysis

5) I-Cost Benefit Analysis Data O-Cost Benefit Analysis Results

Instructions

http://www.worldbank.org/transport

Calculate Road User Costs

Calculate Road User Costs

Calculate Network RUC

Calculate Network RUC

Calculate Sensitivity Analysis

Calculate Sensitivity Analysis

Calculate Cost Benefit Analysis

Calculate Cost Benefit Analysis


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Motorcycle Small Car Medium Car Light Delivery Vehicle

Four Wheel Drive Light Truck Medium Truck Heavy Truck Articulated Truck Light Bus Medium Bus

Heavy Bus

Twelve Vehicles Types


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Fuel

Lubricant oil Tire wear Crew time Maintenance labor Maintenance parts

Depreciation Interest Overheads

Passenger time Cargo holding time

Vehicle Operating Costs

Time Costs

Accidents Costs

Road User Costs Components

Emissions

New

New


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Road and Vehicle Characteristics

Vehicle Speed

Physical Quantities Unit Costs

Road User Costs

Vehicle Speed and Physical Quantities


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Component Quantities per Vehicle-kmFuel litersLubricant oil litersTire wear # of equivalent new tires

Crew time hoursPassenger time hoursCargo holding time hoursMaintenance labor hoursMaintenance parts % of new vehicle priceDepreciation % of new vehicle priceInterest % of new vehicle price

Physical Quantities


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VDRIVEu and VDRIVEd = uphill and downhillvelocities limited by gradient and used driving power VBRAKEu and VBRAKEd = uphill and downhill

velocities limited by gradient and used braking power

VCURVE = velocity limited by curvature VROUGH = velocity limited by roughness VDESIR = velocity limited by safety and speed limit

enforcement

Free speeds are calculated using a mechanistic/behavioralmodels and are a minimum of the following constrainingvelocities.

Free-Flow Speeds Model


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DriveForce

Grade Resistance

Rolling Resistance

Air Resistance

- Driving power- Operating weight- Gradient

- Density of air- Aerodynamic drag coef.- Projected frontal area- Tire type- Number of wheels

- Roughness- Texture depth- % time driven on snow

covered roads- % time driven on watercovered roads

VDRIVE


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VCURVE is calculated as a function of the radius ofcurvature.

VCURVE = a0 * R ^ a1

R = Radius of curvature

R = 180,000/(*max(18/ ,C))

C = Horizontal curvature

a0 and a1 = Regression parameters

VCURVE


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To consider reduction in speeds due tocongestion, the three-zone model is adopted.

Speed (km/hr)

Car

Pickup

Bus

Sult

Qo Qnom Qult

FlowPCSE/h

Truck

Speed Flow Model


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To consider different levels of traffic congestion at differenthours and days during a year, HDM-4 evaluates differenttraffic flow periods for which different hourly flows areapplicable

Peak

Nextto Peak

Flow Periods

Mediumflow

NexttoLowOvernight

Flow

Number of Hours in the Year

Traffic Flow Periods


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Based on ARRBARFCOM model

Predicts fuel useas function of

power usage

TRACTIVE FORCES

Rolling, air, inertia, grade

and cornering resistance

ACCESSORIES

Cooling fan,

power steering,

air conditioner,

alternator, etc.

INTERNAL

ENGINE

FRICTION

DRIVE - TRAININEFFICIENCIES

TOTAL POWER

ENGINE FUEL EFFICIENCY FACTOR

ESTIMATED FUEL CONSUMPTION

Fuel Model


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Uncongested

Congested

0

Acceleration in m/s/s

Congestion Modelling


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Maintenance Parts Consumption

Maintenance parts consumption function of roughness and age of the vehicle

0.00%

0.10%

0.20%

0.30%

0.40%

0.50%

0.60%

0.70%

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

PartsConsumption(%ofvehiclepri

ceper1000km)

Roughness (IRI, m/km)

Maintenance Parts Consumption

Medium Car

Medium Bus

Heavy Truck

Motorcycle


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Comprised of depreciation and interestcosts HDM-4 uses Optimal Life method, in

which vehicle service life is a functionof roughness, or constant life method

Capital Costs


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HDM-4 model estimates road safetycosts of:

Fatal accidents

Injury accidents

Damage only accidents

HDM-4 RUC model follows theInternational Road Assessment

Program (iRAP) methodology andestimates road safety costs of:

Fatalities

Persons with Serious Injuries

Road Safety


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User defines vehicle fleet fatality rate innumber per 100 million vehicle-km

User defines vehicle fleet serious injuryrate per 100 million vehicle-km

Cost per fatality computed function ofGDP per capita (default: GDP per capitamultiplied by 70)

Cost per serious injury computed functionof cost per fatality (default: 25% of fatalitycost)

iRAP Methodology

International Road Assessment Programme methodology (iRAP).

http://irap.net/
http://irap.net/http://irap.net/


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Road characteristicsTraffic volume/congestion

Vehicle technologyHydrocarbon

Carbonmonoxide

Nitrous oxides

Sulphur dioxide

Carbon dioxide

Particulates

Lead

Emissions Model

Fuelconsumption


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RUC Comparison

Roughness = 2.0 IRI m/km

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

0.700

0.800

Medium Car Medium Bus Heavy Truck Motorcycle

UnitRoadUserCosts(US$pervehicle-km) Road Safety Cost

CO2 Emissions Cost

Cargo Time

Passenger TimeOverhead

Interest

Depreciation

Crew Time

Maintenance Labor

Maintenance Parts

Tire

Lubricants

Fuel


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RUC Composition


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Medium Car Medium Bus Heavy Truck Motorcycle

UnitRoadUserCosts(%)

Road Safety Cost

CO2 Emissions Cost

Cargo Time

Passenger TimeOverhead

Interest

Depreciation

Crew Time

Maintenance Labor

Maintenance Parts

Tire

Lubricants

Fuel


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RUC Roughness Sensitivity

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200

1.400

2 IRI 6 IRI 12 IRI 18 IRI

UnitR

oadUserCosts(US$pervehicle-km)

Heavy Truck Unit Road User Costs Sensitivy to Roughness

Road Safety Cost

CO2 Emissions Cost

Cargo Time

Passenger Time

Overhead

Interest

Depreciation

Crew Time

Maintenance Labor

Maintenance Parts

Tire

Lubricants

Fuel


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0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200

1.400

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0

UnitR



Medium Car

Medium Bus

Heavy Truck

Motorcycle


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0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200

1.400

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0

UnitR



Medium Car

Medium Bus

Heavy Truck

Motorcycle


6.0 IRI = 0.22 US$ per vehicle-km2.0 IRI = 0.21 US$ per vehicle-kmSaving = 0.01 US$ per vehicle-km

AADT = 3,000 vehicles/day=> 1,095,000 vehicles/year

Saving = 10,850 US$ per year per km


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Fuel Consumption and Speed

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 110.0

FuelConsumption(literp

er100km)

Vehicle Speed (km/hour)

Medium Car

Medium Bus

Heavy Truck

Motorcycle



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CO2 Emissions and Speed


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 110.0

CarbonDioxide-CO2

(g/km)

Vehicle Speed (km/hour)

Medium Car

Medium Bus

Heavy Truck

Motorcycle


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Fuel Consumption and Roughness

Speed function of roughness

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0

FuelConsumption(literp

er100km)


Medium Car

Medium Bus

Heavy Truck

Motorcycle


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CO2 Emissions and Roughness

Speed function of roughness

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0

CarbonDioxide-CO2

(g/km)

Roughness( IRI, m/km)

Medium Car

Medium Bus

Heavy Truck

Motorcycle


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Road Software Tools Website

HDM-4 Road User Costs Model Version2.00 available for download at:

http://worldbank.org/roadsoftwaretools/

road user costs model 20100218

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