road to revolution part 2 – after the boston massacre

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Road to Revolution Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre Massacre

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Page 1: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

Road to RevolutionRoad to Revolution

Part 2 – after the Boston Part 2 – after the Boston MassacreMassacre

Page 2: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

Paul Revere produced the engraving shown here of the Boston Massacre. It was used as propaganda (something used to help or harm a cause or individual) to demand the removal of British troops from Boston. Due to the increasing tension in the city, British troops temporarily withdrew from Boston to Fort William on Castle Island. The British solders involved in the Boston Massacre were also brought to trial.

Page 3: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

Captain Preston's Account

Captain Preston claimed he ordered his men to load their weapons. Captain Preston claimed he heard the crowd yelling fire. Captain Preston claimed they were attacked by heavy clubs and snowballs. Captain Preston claimed a soldier was hit by a stick and then fired. Captain Preston claimed the other soldiers fired in response to the colonist attack. Captain Preston claimed he reprimanded his men for firing into the crowd without orders.

Page 4: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

Eyewitness Statements in Support of Captain Preston's StatementEyewitness Statements in Support of Captain Preston's Statement Witnesses including Peter Cunningham claimed they heard Captain Preston order his men to Witnesses including Peter Cunningham claimed they heard Captain Preston order his men to

load their weapons. load their weapons. Witnesses including Richard Palmes claimed they asked Captain Preston if he intended to fire Witnesses including Richard Palmes claimed they asked Captain Preston if he intended to fire

and he said no. and he said no. Witnesses including William Wyatt claimed the crowd was calling for the soldiers to fire. Witnesses including William Wyatt claimed the crowd was calling for the soldiers to fire. Witnesses including James Woodall claimed they saw a stick thrown and hit a soldier, which Witnesses including James Woodall claimed they saw a stick thrown and hit a soldier, which

prompted him to fire, quickly followed by several other soldiers. prompted him to fire, quickly followed by several other soldiers. Witnesses including Peter Cunningham claimed an officer other than Preston was behind the Witnesses including Peter Cunningham claimed an officer other than Preston was behind the

men and that he ordered the soldiers to fire. men and that he ordered the soldiers to fire. Witnesses including William Sawyer claimed the crowd threw snowballs at the soldiers. Witnesses including William Sawyer claimed the crowd threw snowballs at the soldiers. Witnesses including Matthew Murray claimed they did not hear Captain Preston order his men to Witnesses including Matthew Murray claimed they did not hear Captain Preston order his men to

fire. fire. William Wyatt claimed that Captain Preston reprimanded his men for firing into the crowd. William Wyatt claimed that Captain Preston reprimanded his men for firing into the crowd. Edward Hill claimed that Captain Preston made a soldier put away his weapon instead of allowing Edward Hill claimed that Captain Preston made a soldier put away his weapon instead of allowing

him to continue to shoot. him to continue to shoot.

Page 5: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

Eyewitness Statements Opposed to Captain Preston's Eyewitness Statements Opposed to Captain Preston's StatementStatement

Witnesses including Daniel Calef claimed that Captain Preston Witnesses including Daniel Calef claimed that Captain Preston ordered his men to fire. ordered his men to fire.

Henry Knox claimed the soldiers were hitting and pushing with their Henry Knox claimed the soldiers were hitting and pushing with their muskets. muskets.

Joseph Petty claimed he did not see any sticks thrown at the Joseph Petty claimed he did not see any sticks thrown at the soldiers until after the firing. soldiers until after the firing.

Robert Goddard claimed he heard Captain Preston curse his men Robert Goddard claimed he heard Captain Preston curse his men for not firing when ordered. for not firing when ordered.

Several soldiers including Hugh White claimed they heard the order Several soldiers including Hugh White claimed they heard the order to fire and believed they were obeying his commandsto fire and believed they were obeying his commands

Page 6: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre
Page 7: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

1772: COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE

Things quieted down for a few years. In 1770 most of the hated taxes were ended. Parliament, the British congress, and the King felt that collecting the taxes was too much trouble. But what had happened in Boston was only a sample of what was to come.

In order to keep contact between the colonies, leaders started groups called the committees of correspondence. They kept in touch by writing letters. In these days before telephone, radio, and television, this was the best way to get news from one colony to another. Many leaders such as Samuel Adams, Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry were members of these committees.

Page 8: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

1773: TEA ACT… MORE TROUBLE1773: TEA ACT… MORE TROUBLE

The TEA Act that gave a monopoly on tea sales to the East India Company. In other words, American colonists could buy no tea unless it came from that company. Why? Well, the East Indian Company wasn't doing so well, and the British wanted to give it some more business. The Tea Act lowered the price on this East India tea so much that it was way below tea from other suppliers. But the American colonists saw this law as yet another means of "taxation without representation" because it meant that they couldn't buy tea from anyone else (including other colonial merchants) without spending a lot more money.

Their response was to refuse to unload the tea from the ships. This was the situation in Boston that led to the Boston Tea Party.

Page 9: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

1773………… TIME FOR A PARTY

Sam Adams staged a spectacular drama. On the evening of December 16, 1773, three companies of fifty men each, masquerading as Mohawk Indians, passed through a tremendous crowd of spectators, went aboard the three ships, broke open the tea chests, and heaved them into the harbor. As the electrifying news of the Boston "tea party" spread, other seaports followed the example and staged similar acts of resistance of their own.

Page 10: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

The citizens boarded the Beaver, the Eleanor and the Dartmouth, and dumped forty-five tons of tea into the Boston Harbor.

342 chests of tea, valued at £18,000

Page 11: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

1774: AN UPSET KING: COERCIVE ACTS

The reaction in Britain was one of anger and a feeling that Massachusetts must be punished, as an example to the other colonies. The government rushed a series of pieces of legislation through parliament: In Britain they were known as the Coercive Acts but the American colonists labeled them "the Intolerable Acts".

Page 12: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

To stop the rebellious spirit that was spreading among the colonists, that had lead to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed these four acts to reestablish English authority..

1. The port of Boston was closed until the tea was paid back.

2. More soldiers were sent to put down disturbances.

3. British officials accused of crimes were sent to England for trial.

4. No town meetings could be held without the permission of the governor.

Page 13: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

1774: TO MAKE MATTERS WORSE… QUEBEC ACT

1.Quebec was given control over the Ohio Valley.

2. Catholics were given religious freedom.

3.Only French-Canadians could trade for furs in the Ohio Valley.

Page 14: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

1774: FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS

TIME TO MAKE A STATEMENT, TIME TO COME TOGETHER……….

The representatives gathered to discuss their response to the British "Intolerable Acts." They met to discuss their relationship with Britain, and how to assert their rights with the British government. They wanted to appear as united colonies in their reply to Britain. The purpose of the First Continental Congress was not to seek

independence from Britain. Theme of the First Continental Congress (Source: Library of Congress) The congress had three objectives: to compose a statement of colonial rights, to identify British parliaments violation of those rights, and to provide a plan that would convince Britain to restore those rights.

Page 15: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

Twelve of the 13 colonies sent delegates. Georgia did not. The colonial congress met in Philadelphia. They made the following declarations:

1. Parliament could not tax them without their consent.

2. The Coercive (Intolerable) Acts were not going to be obeyed

3. They would not import goods from England after Dec. , 1774.

4. They would not export goods to England after Sept. 1775.

5. Colonies would collect arms and ammunition.

Page 16: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

1775 ...ACTS OF PARLIAMENT…

England takes a strong stand!

1. New England was prohibited from all trade except with England and the British West Indies.

2. Colonies could not import any arms or ammunition.

A larger number of colonists became outraged. Talk of rebellion spread.

Colonists were at their breaking point!

Page 17: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

1775: Shots are fired, blood is spilled…………

BATTLES OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD

The British move on Concord..

They meet resistance at Lexington first………

Page 18: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre
Page 19: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre
Page 20: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

Fighting begins on April 19, 1775British casualties:

American casualties:

73 killed, 174 wounded

49 killed, 39 wounded

Page 21: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

JUNE 17, 1775… The fighting renewed.

BATTLE OF BREED’S HILL (BUNKER HILL)

Page 22: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre
Page 23: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

Thousands of British troops move against the rebels to move them off the hill. They burn Charles town.

Page 24: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

Putnam stood his ground…………………… and the enemy fell.

Page 25: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

The British made several attempts to reach the top.

The colonists, now rebels, held their ground… they were not afraid of the most powerful army in the world.British senior officers discounted the ability of the American troops to resist a frontal attack and overestimated the ability of their own troops to make one.

“Don’t fire until you see the white’s of their eyes!”

~ Legend has it, it was here at this battle, that General

Prescott, knowing his troops had limited ammunition and knowing

they needed to hold Breed’s hill, uttered this famous phrase.

Page 26: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

The British had attacked two times and were driven back by the colonials. On the third charge, the British didn’t know the Americans were virtually out of ammunition. The Americans held as long as possible, but were pulled back in retreat by Prescott.

June 17th 1775

British casualties

2226 killed

828 wounded

American casualties

140 killed

271 wounded

Page 27: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

1776: After fourteen months of meetings, the colonial congress declared independence from Great Britain.

Page 28: Road to Revolution Part 2 – after the Boston Massacre

1776: COMMON SENSE is published by Thomas Paine.

"These are the times that try men's souls: The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country; but he that stands it Now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.  Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict the more glorius the triumph."