road safety in the americas (alberto concha-eastman, m. d.)
TRANSCRIPT
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Road Safety in theRoad Safety in the
AmericasAmericas
Dr. Alberto Concha-Dr. Alberto Concha-
Eastman PAHO / WHOEastman PAHO / WHOWashington, DCWashington, DChttp://www.paho.orghttp://www.paho.org
http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/en/
[email protected]@paho.org
http://www.paho.org/http://www.paho.org/http://www.paho.org/ -
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ContentContent
1.1. Highlights of the WHO & WB WorldHighlights of the WHO & WB WorldReport on Road Traffic InjuriesReport on Road Traffic InjuriesPreventionPrevention
2.2. The magnitude of the problem in theThe magnitude of the problem in theAmericas as of 2003- Mortality, injuries,Americas as of 2003- Mortality, injuries,risk factors, who are affectedrisk factors, who are affected
3.3. Priority areas for policy in LAC andPriority areas for policy in LAC andPAHO/WHO recommendationsPAHO/WHO recommendations
4. Bogota case4. Bogota case
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5 chapters:5 chapters:
concepts,concepts,global burden,global burden,determinants,determinants,interventions,interventions,conclusions &conclusions &recommendationsrecommendations
5 chapters:5 chapters:
concepts,concepts,global burden,global burden,determinants,determinants,interventions,interventions,conclusions &conclusions &recommendationsrecommendations
WRRTIP
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The majority of road traffic injuries occur in low-
and middle-income countries
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Most injured are vulnerable road users
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Delhi, India
Bandung, Indonesia
Colombo, Sri Lanka
Thailand
Malaysia
U.S.A.
Australia
Norw ay
Japan
Netherlands
Pedestrians Bicyclists Motorized 2-wheelers Motorized 4-wheelers Other
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Road safety is a shared responsibility
GOVERNMENT &
LEGISLATIVE BODIES
MEDIA
PROFESSIONALS
NGOs, SPECIAL
INTEREST GROUPS
POLICE AND DMV
INDUSTRY
USERS / CITIZENS
ROAD INJURY
PREVENTION POLICY
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Road traffic injuries are a public health problem
Public Health
Injury Surveillance
Research
Prevention & Control
Evaluation
Policy
Services
Advocacy
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WORLD HEALTH DAY 2004 AT PAHO/WHO HQ IN DC
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The Road Traffic Injury Problem in theThe Road Traffic Injury Problem in the
AmericasAmericas
Fatalities: estimated 133,783 peopleFatalities: estimated 133,783 peoplein 2002.in 2002.
Ranked as the 10Ranked as the 10thth leading cause ofleading cause of
death in the region.death in the region. 77thth leading cause of DALYs lost.leading cause of DALYs lost.
Number of injured: estimated at 1.2Number of injured: estimated at 1.2
million people.million people. Economic and social costsEconomic and social costs
Alcohol related: 30% - 45%Alcohol related: 30% - 45%
Sources: World Health Organization/World Bank,Sources: World Health Organization/World Bank, World report on road traffic injury preventionWorld report on road traffic injury prevention , 2004. Source for road traffic injuries was, 2004. Source for road traffic injuries was
Constance, P., The preventable plague,Constance, P., The preventable plague, IDBAmrica MagazineIDBAmrica Magazine, January-February 2000., January-February 2000.
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Road traffic fatalities (per 100,000) in the Americas, by levelRoad traffic fatalities (per 100,000) in the Americas, by level
of risk, latest available yearof risk, latest available year
< 10.0 (Low risk) Anguilla, Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Dominica,
Haiti*, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Sa
Vincent and the Grenadines
10.0-20.0 (Mediumrisk)
Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bermuda, Brazil, CaymaIslands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Jamaica,
Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Trini
and Tobago, United States, Uruguay, Virgin Islands (U
> 20.0 (High risk) Bahamas, Belize, Guatemala, Guyana, Venezuela
CountriesRange of fatality rate
(per 100,000)
* It is likely number of fatality cases for Haiti was underreported.* It is likely number of fatality cases for Haiti was underreported.
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Source: Health Analysis and Information Systems Area. Deaths from motor vehicle traffic accidents in selected
countries of the Americas. PAHO Epidemiological Bulletin. Vol. 25 (1): 2-5, 2004.
Age specific death rates from motor vehicle traffic accidents.
Brazil, 2000
0
5
10
1520
25
30
35
40
45
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Victim/
Year
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02
Pedestrians
49.5 43.3 48.8 47.4 42.1 48.1 44.4 42.1 52.6 48.9
Motorcyclist
23.6 33.4 33.5 29.0 30.1 26.7 26.8 31.0 20.0 26.8
Occupant 6.9 15.1 11.0 15.3 17.6 13.8 19.3 15.2 12.6 11.9
Cyclists 6.9 8.0 6.3 8.1 9.8 11.1 8.7 11.5 12.6 12.4
Motor vehicle-related fatal injuries by victim
Cali Colombia. 1993 2002 in percentages
Source: CISALVA, PAHO/WHO CC
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Type of road user as a proportion of all roadType of road user as a proportion of all road
traffic fatalities+ in the Americas, latesttraffic fatalities+ in the Americas, latest
available yearavailable year
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
United States*
Trinidad and Tobago
Saint Lucia
Mexico*
Jamaica
El Salvador
Costa Rica
Colombia
Canada
Pedestrians Drivers Passengers
Cyclists Motorcyclists Other/Not specified
+ Road user categories were not uniform across all country data.+ Road user categories were not uniform across all country data.
* Data for Mexico and the United States did not differentiate between drivers and passengers. Drivers bar for these two countries corresponds to the total of drivers and passenger fatalities.* Data for Mexico and the United States did not differentiate between drivers and passengers. Drivers bar for these two countries corresponds to the total of drivers and passenger fatalities.
Sources: Data compiled from the following sources. Canada, 2002Canadian Motor Vehicle Traffic Collision Statistics 2002,Sources: Data compiled from the following sources. Canada, 2002Canadian Motor Vehicle Traffic Collision Statistics 2002, http://www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety/tp/tp3322/2002/page3.htmhttp://www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety/tp/tp3322/2002/page3.htm;;
Colombia, 2002Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal; Costa Rica, 2003INEC; El Salvador, 2003National Police; Jamaica, 2003Ministry of Health (original figures from National PoliceColombia, 2002Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal; Costa Rica, 2003INEC; El Salvador, 2003National Police; Jamaica, 2003Ministry of Health (original figures from National PoliceHeadquarters); Mexico, 2000Consejo Nacional de Prevencin de Accidentes; Saint Lucia, 2001Royal St. Lucia Police Force (Traffic Department); Trinidad and Tobago, Office of theHeadquarters); Mexico, 2000Consejo Nacional de Prevencin de Accidentes; Saint Lucia, 2001Royal St. Lucia Police Force (Traffic Department); Trinidad and Tobago, Office of the
Commissioner of Police; United States, 2002NHTSA.Commissioner of Police; United States, 2002NHTSA.
http://www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety/tp/tp3322/2002/page3.htmhttp://www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety/tp/tp3322/2002/page3.htmhttp://www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety/tp/tp3322/2002/page3.htm -
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Gender as a proportion of all road trafficGender as a proportion of all road traffic
fatalities, Americas, 2000fatalities, Americas, 2000
Sources: see tables that follow.Sources: see tables that follow.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Arge
ntina
Braz
il*
Colom
bia
Costa
Rica
Cuba
Ecua
dor*
Jamaic
a
Nica
ragu
a
Pana
ma
Peru**
Vene
zuela
Female
Male
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Road traffic fatality rates (per 100,000Road traffic fatality rates (per 100,000
population), by gender and age group in thepopulation), by gender and age group in the
Americas, 2002Americas, 2002
Source:Source: WHO Global Burden of Disease project, 2002, Version 1.WHO Global Burden of Disease project, 2002, Version 1.
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
0-4 5-14 15-29 30-44 45-59 60 and
over
Male
Female
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2004Pan AmericanHealthOrganization
World Health Day / Week, 2004World Health Day / Week, 2004
Risk factors:Risk factors:
Everybody is at riskEverybody is at risk
Being migrant from rural to urbanBeing migrant from rural to urban
Illiteracy: difficulty to understand urban codesIlliteracy: difficulty to understand urban codes Drinking and drivingDrinking and driving
Risk factors:Risk factors:
Everybody is at riskEverybody is at risk
Being migrant from rural to urbanBeing migrant from rural to urban
Illiteracy: difficulty to understand urban codesIlliteracy: difficulty to understand urban codes Drinking and drivingDrinking and driving
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2004Pan AmericanHealthOrganization
Speed Alcohol
Seat beltsand infants
rear seats Helmets
Visibility
Recommendations applicable to all
countries
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2004
Pan AmericanHealthOrganization
WHO / PAHO main message for policy
implications
WHO / PAHO main message for policy
implications
Road crashes areRoad crashes are
another form ofanother form ofsocial inequalitysocial inequality
Road crashes areRoad crashes are
another form ofanother form ofsocial inequalitysocial inequality
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2004
Pan AmericanHealthOrganization
WHO / PAHO main message for policy
implications
WHO / PAHO main message for policy
implications
Road safety is aRoad safety is a
public policy issue:public policy issue:leadership isleadership is
requiredrequired
Road safety is aRoad safety is a
public policy issue:public policy issue:leadership isleadership is
requiredrequired
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2004
Pan AmericanHealthOrganization
Road safety areas of workRoad safety areas of work
Legislation and policyLegislation and policyLegislation and policyLegislation and policy
- ALCOHOL CONTROLALCOHOL CONTROL- Protection and care ofProtection and care of
victimsvictims- Improve InsuranceImprove Insurance
coveragecoverage- Law enforcementLaw enforcement
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2004
Pan AmericanHealthOrganization
Road safetyRoad safety
-- A successful case:A successful case:Bogot, Colombia, 10Bogot, Colombia, 10years of continuedyears of continuedmultisectorialmultisectorialapproachapproach
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2004
Pan AmericanHealthOrganization
Public Policies on Road safety in Bogota
1995-2003
Aim: influencing positive changes on peopleAim: influencing positive changes on people
behaviorbehavior
Public Policies on Road safety in Bogota
1995-2003
Aim: influencing positive changes on peopleAim: influencing positive changes on people
behaviorbehavior
1. Mayors leadership. Road safety is not only a
public health and traffic concern but people
behavior related:Media messages and testimony
2. Gather reliable and timely data and encourage
research
3. Work intersectorially
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2004
Pan AmericanHealthOrganization
Public Policies on Road safety in Bogota
1995-2003
Aim: influencing positive changes on peopleAim: influencing positive changes on people
behaviorbehavior
Public Policies on Road safety in Bogota
1995-2003
Aim: influencing positive changes on peopleAim: influencing positive changes on people
behaviorbehavior
4. Alcohol consumption control.
Early closing of bars and the like.Drunk drivers control and
punishmentDesignated driver sustained
campaigns
5. Public space recovery for pedestrians
and
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2004Pan AmericanHealthOrganization
Public Policies on Road safety in Bogota
1995-2003
Aim: influencing positive changes on peopleAim: influencing positive changes on people
behaviorbehavior
Public Policies on Road safety in Bogota
1995-2003
Aim: influencing positive changes on peopleAim: influencing positive changes on people
behaviorbehavior
9. Mimes and civic guides (Misin Bogot)(focused on pedestrians crossing and seat belt use).
10. Restricted vehicles at rush hour
11. One day with no private cars on the streets
12. Critical spots highlighted
13. Accountability and public scrutiny of public policies
(media involvement)
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BEFORE
PUBLIC SPACE RECOVERY
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AFTER
PUBLIC SPACE RECOVERY
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BEFORE
PUBLIC SPACE RECOVERY
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AFTER
PUBLIC SPACE RECOVERY
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BEFORE
PUBLIC SPACE RECOVERY
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MAIN TRANSMILENIO ROAD: OUTCOMES AFTER
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1352
832936
67
238
4
190
495
260
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Crashes PedestriansHit by cars
Injured Killed Muggings
MAIN TRANSMILENIO ROAD: OUTCOMES AFTER
ONE YEAR from 2000 to 2001
Fuente: Medicina Legal y Polica Metropolitana
TRANSMILENIO
YEA
R
2000
2001
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2004Pan AmericanHealthOrganization
WHO / PAHO main messageWHO / PAHO main message
Road crashes areRoad crashes are
preventablepreventable
Then .Then .
Road crashes areRoad crashes are
preventablepreventable
Then .Then .
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2004Pan AmericanHealthOrganization
WHO / PAHO main messageWHO / PAHO main message
Our common goal is:Our common goal is:To reduce mortality,To reduce mortality,
injuries andinjuries anddisabilitiesdisabilities
Our common goal is:Our common goal is:To reduce mortality,To reduce mortality,
injuries andinjuries anddisabilitiesdisabilities
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WHO / PAHO i
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WHO / PAHO main messages
FOR SAFER ROADSFOR SAFER ROADSIN THE AMERICASIN THE AMERICAS
LET US WORKLET US WORKTOGETHERTOGETHER
THANKSTHANKS