road development, human trafficking and hiv
TRANSCRIPT
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The views expressed in this paper/presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarilyreflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or thegovernments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paperand accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. Terminology used may not necessarilybe consistent with ADB official terms.
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Table 4.1. COMMUNITY, INDIVIDUAL, AND FAMILY FACTORS THATINCRE ASE RISK OF CAMBODIANS BEING TRAFFICKED TO THAILA NDCOMMUNITY FAC TOR Location Most migration and trafficking occurs along
the major highway s linkin g Cambodia toThail and
INDIVIDUA L & FAMILY FACT ORS Significant riskfactor
Not a risk factor
SexAgeNumber of brokers use dPre-existing knowledge a nd ideas aboutThailand
Marital stat usYears of educationPrevious jobNumber of dependents
Ill or recently passed away fam ily memberSibling or child who nee ds school feesForced to go to Thailand by fa mily memberViolence in the familyRecent flood, drought , natur al disaster
What are the Risk Factors?What are the Risk Factors?
Impact of New Roads on TIPImpact of New Roads on TIP
11 Open up new migration routesOpen up new migration routes New migrants are often more vulnerable Central Vietnam - Thailand
22 Encourage migrationEncourage migration Exposure to new jobs, lifestyles, etc. Baoshan - Longling, China
33 Change the way people migrateChange the way people migrate Impact on Interventions - from train to road* North-South corridor in Mongolia
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Impact of New Roads on TIPImpact of New Roads on TIP
Impact of New Roads on TIPImpact of New Roads on TIP
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Impact of New Roads on TIPImpact of New Roads on TIP
44 Disturb traditional lifestylesDisturb traditional lifestyles Land grabbing, move to monetary economy* North-East Cambodia, Lao PDR
55 Increase ProstitutionIncrease Prostitution Inherently exploitative trade During road-building projects
And After? Route 3 in northern Lao PDR
66 Provide alternatives to migrationProvide alternatives to migration
Increase local opportunities Longitudinal work needed
(Most of the impact is not within project life)
Preventing TraffickingPreventing Trafficking
Awareness raising isAwareness raising is thethe black holeblack hole of antiof anti--TIPTIPresourcesresources
unclear messagesunclear messages
wrong messageswrong messages
knowledge already existsknowledge already exists
Actions,Actions, Means and PurposeMeans and Purpose Unlike TIP networks, preventionUnlike TIP networks, prevention programmesprogrammes areare
not linked along migration routesnot linked along migration routes
Prevention often misses those in needPrevention often misses those in need
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Trafficking and HIV/AIDSTrafficking and HIV/AIDS
LessonsLessons
Major gap between awareness andMajor gap between awareness and behaviourbehaviour
Approaches that deny reality will failApproaches that deny reality will fail
ChallengesChallenges
TIP seems to lend itself to dubious interventionsTIP seems to lend itself to dubious interventions
Potential tensions inPotential tensions in entertainment venuesentertainment venues
OpportunitiesOpportunities Both are risks faced by migrantsBoth are risks faced by migrants
More broadlyMore broadly
Best contributions may come at policy levelBest contributions may come at policy level ADB already active in COMMITADB already active in COMMIT
TA6448, linking with key sectors (transport, tourism)TA6448, linking with key sectors (transport, tourism)
More recognition ofMore recognition oflabourlabour migrationmigration as coreas corecomponent of regional economic integrationcomponent of regional economic integration
Ensure goodEnsure good labourlabour practices on projectspractices on projects
Ensure existingEnsure existingguidelines are implementedguidelines are implemented(environment, gender, ethnic minority)(environment, gender, ethnic minority)
Build on opportunities*Build on opportunities*
Drop theDrop theword?word?
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At project levelAt project level
Be realistic about what might be achievedBe realistic about what might be achieved
Migrant information centres
Community Education
Peer education for sex workers
Out-reach at choke points
Community health schemes
Many can be combined with HIV/AIDS workMany can be combined with HIV/AIDS workAll must be based on accurate problem definitionAll must be based on accurate problem definition