road and street classification powerpoint updated

7/29/2019 Road and Street Classification Powerpoint Updated

1/49

Residential Site Development Guidelines for

PennsylvaniaOversight Committee Meeting

February 10, 2005

Street Classification and Standards

Civil and Environmental Engineering

**************************************************************

Presentation revised based on input by Committee

**************************************************************


2/49

Approach:

1. Review of existing PA ordinances and

standards

2. Review other existing and suggested standards

PennDOT

AASHTO Residential Streets (NAHB, ITE, ASCE, ULI) Performance Streets (Bucks County) PennSCAPES

Other

3. Compile Guideline Standards

4. Pier review

Guideline Standards for Residential Streets


3/49

First Step.review of existing ordinances and

standards


Classification schemes Width

Longitudinal Grade Parking Configuration Curbs vs. No Curbs Pavement Structure

Sidewalk Standards Cul-de-sac Characteristics


4/49

Location of Sampled Subdivision and Land Development

Ordinances


5/49

Review of existing ordinances and standards



Longitudinal Grade Parking Configuration Curbs vs. No Curbs Sidewalk Standards

Cul-de-sac Characteristics Pavement Structure


6/49

Municipal Road Classification Schemes

Rural

Reside

ntial

Inter-commun

ity

Alley

Private

LocalP

rimary

LocalS

econda

ry

MinorC

ollector

Local

Collecto

r

MarginalA

ccess

SingleAcces

s

LocalA

ccess

Feeder

Collect

or

Service/Margi

nalAcc

ess

Residen

tialAcc

ess

RuralR

esidenti

alAcce

ss

Industria

lAcces

s

MinorCol

lectors

MajorCollec

tors

MinorA

rterials

Access

Sub-col

lector

Collector

Alley

Local

Collecto

r

Loop

Cul-de-s

ac

Residen

tial Pr

imary

Residen

tial Se

condary

Marginal

Access

Collector

Local

Access

Streets

Residentia

l

RuralResiden

tial

Industria

lStreets

Collecto

rs

Minor

Major

Residen

tialServ

ice

RuralService

Neighbo

rhoodFeede

r

Inter-co

mmunit

y

Alley

Minor

Collec

tor

Cul-de-sac

Local

Collecto

r

LimitedAc

cess

Local

Access

Minor

Collecto

r

Connec

tor

Margina

lAcces

s

Alley

Collector

Minor

Connec

tor

Collecto

r

Sub-col

lector

Minor

/Loop

Cul-de-sac

MarginalAcce

ss

Private

Lane


7/49

Residential Street Classification:

Considerations

1. Must be based on function within a community

environment; not just vehicular mobility;2. Must integrate with the PennDOT road

classification system;

3. Should be consistent across township lines.

4. Must be applicable to both rural and urbansettings;

5. To be well received, it must consider all local

road functions (commercial, mixed use, and

residential).


8/49

Residential Street Classification:

AASHTO / PennDOT

Arterials Rural / Urban

Collectors Rural / UrbanLocal Rural / Urban

Classification based on mobility vs. land accessnottraffic volumes

AASHTO, 2001AASHTO, 2001


9/49

Proposed Street Classification:

Arterials Rural / Urban

Collectors Rural / Urban

Local Rural / UrbanMunicipal Streets and Roads

Residential Access (A&B)

Residential Collectors

Mixed Use / Collector

Special Use Streets

Alley

Divided StreetsCommercial / Industrial Access

Commercial / Industrial Collector

PennDOT

Classifications

Proposed

Municipal Street

Classifications

Municipal Street Classifications a subset of PennDOT ClassificationsBased on type of use and character of roadway


10/49

Residential Access Streets:

Primary function is access toindividual residential properties.

Carries traffic that has itsdestination or origin on that streetor from within the local

neighborhood.Local streets have a significant

role in defining the character of

neighborhoods and as suchshould be designed to bepedestrian friendly.

The new Shape of Suburbia

PennSCAPEs


11/49

Residential Access Streets:

The residential access streets classification is capped at atraffic volume of 750 TPD per access point.

* Based on 10 vehicle trips per day per single family dwelling

Performance Streets, 1980


12/49

Residential Collector:

Primary function is to provide mobility out of residentialneighborhoods and some limited lot access;

Intended as collectors and distributors of residentialtraffic to higher level streets and roads.

AASHTO, 2001


13/49

Residential Collector:

These corridors may also serve to facilitatepedestrian and bikeway movements eitheron or adjacent to the roadway.

Some limited lot access can beprovided but should be discouraged.

Limit traffic loading to less than 3000 TPD or less

No street parking provided

Best Dev. Practices, 1996

Best Dev. Practices, 1996 PennSCAPES, 2003


14/49

Mixed Use Access / Collector:

Function is to provide access to neighborhoodcommercial properties and multi-family housingcomplexes;

Also may serve as residential collectors, and connectorsbetween residential neighborhoods and arterials.

Reflectingneighborhood characteris equal to mobility inimportance.

The New Shape of Suburbia, 2003


15/49


These streets may also serve as origin and destinationnodes for pedestrians and bicyclists.

Street parking may be provided for access toneighborhood commercial uses to supplement off streetparking.

Best Dev. Practices, 1996 The New Shape of Suburbia, 2003


16/49


Average daily traffic should be less than 2000 TPD tominimize vehicle / pedestrian / bicyclist conflicts. Geometric

design to be based on anticipated traffic loading.

Best Dev. Practices, 1996 The New Shape of Suburbia, 2003


17/49

Special Use Streets:

Alley

Divided Streets

Parkway

Boulevard

PennSCAPES, 2003


18/49

PennSCAPEs

Special Use Streets: Alley

Primary function: to provide rear access to properties(Residential or commercial) to

reduce curb cuts andaccess points along

frontage streets,

permit unencumberedpedestrian scaled front,

provides less visible

access for service

functions.

Chapel Hill, NC


19/49


Design Considerations:Minimum pavement width to accommodate single

direction movement of vehicles (10 12 ft);

Adequate ROW width to accommodate passing

(16 ft; 33 ft for liquid fuels reimbursement)

Inverted section for drainage.

No Parking

PennSCAPEs


20/49

Special Use Streets: Divided Parkway & Boulevard

Functional Definition: A residential collector with aplanted or natural median area which provides esthetic

value, and is often used to create community character.

Can also be used to preserve existing significant naturalfeatures.

In Rural Areas, Parkwaysare usually uncurbed and

restrict parking along

their length.

PennSCAPES, 2003


21/49

Special Use Streets: Divided Parkway & Boulevard

Functional Definition: A residential collector with aplanted or natural median area which provides esthetic

value, and is often used to create community character.

Can also be used to preserve existing significant naturalfeatures.

In urban areas,boulevards are

typically curbed to

accommodate

drainage anddelineate parking

along their length.PennSCAPES, 2003


22/49




Parking Configuration Curbs vs. No Curbs Longitudinal Grade Sidewalk Standards



23/49

Residential Street Width(From exist ing Ordinances)

With Parking

>36 feet 4 (5%)

32 36 feet 21 (25%)

26 30 feet 24 (29%)

36 feet 0 (0%)32 36 feet 2 (2%)

26 30 feet 3 (4%)


24/49

Residential Street Width:

An appropriate local road width should be based on:

Travel-way lane width

Parking needs and lane width

Curbed or uncurbed

Traffic flow pattern

PennSCAPES 2003


25/49


PennDOT/ AASHTO

9 12 per lane (function of traffic volume and

design speed)

Residential Streets

18 to 26 curb to curb depending on parkingconfiguration.

Performance Streets

18 20 depending on traffic volume(9 10 per lane)

Travel-way Lane Width


26/49

Parking Needs / Configuration

Most ordinances assume parking both sides;

Parking Lane 7 ft. or 8 ft. wide; Providing for on-street parking contributes to

wide road widths.



27/49


PennDOT/ AASHTO

7 8 per lane (function of traffic volume and

design speed)

Residential Streets

7 per lane all local streets

Performance Streets

8 per land all streets

Parking Lane Width


28/49

Curbed vs. Uncurbed Section

Most ordinances in urban settings specify curbed road

sections. In rural zoning classifications (greater than 1 acre minimum

lot size) most ordinances permit uncurbed sections.



29/49


Residential Streets

Traffic Flow


30/49

32718Parking Both SidesStabilized

Shoulder(*)Free

25718Parking one side or

alternate sidesCurbedSlow

18018No ParkingCurbedFree


alternate sidesCurbedYield

Shoulder out

to out

Shoulder

width

Face

Curb to

Face

Curb

Parking

lane

Width

Travel-

Way

width

ParkingCurb

Config.

Traffic

Pattern

Residential Access Road ADT < 400 TPD Per Access Point

Recommended Residential Street Widths

(*) Stabil ized Grass

PennSCAPES 2003


31/49

34720Parking Both SidesStabilizedShoulder (*)

Free

341420Parking Both SidesCurbedFree


alternate sidesCurbedSlow


Shoulder to

Shoulder

Shoulder

width

Face Curb

to Face

Curb

Parking

lane

Width

Travel-

Way

width

ParkingCurb Config.Traffic

Pattern

Residential Access Road ADT > 400 TPD and < 750 TPD Per Access Point



PennSCAPES 2003


32/49

Residential Collector Road ADT > 750 TPD and < 1500 TPD

Per Access Point


34622No ParkingStabilized

Shoulder (*)Free


Shoulder to

Shoulder

Shoulder

width

Face Curb

to Face

Curb

Parking

lane

Width

Travel-

Way

width

ParkingCurb Config.Traffic

Pattern



33/49

Mixed Use Access / Collector Road ADT < 3000 TPD


34622Parking Both SidesStabilizedShoulder

Free

381622Parking Both SidesCurbedFree

30822Parking one sideCurbedFree


Shoulder to

Shoulder

Shoulder

width

Face Curb

to Face

Curb

Parking

lane

Width

Travel-

Way

width

ParkingCurb

Config.

Traffic

Pattern


PennSCAPES 2003


34/49



162012No ParkingUncurbedYield

Shoulder to

Shoulder

Shoulder

width

Face Curb

to Face

Curb

Parking

lane

Width

Travel-

Way

width

ParkingCurb

Config.

Traffic

Pattern

PennSCAPES 2003


35/49

Divided Street


181011Parking AngledCurbedBoulevard

81011ParallelCurbedBoulevard

n/a1011No ParkingCurbedBoulevard

2 & 4n/a1011No ParkingStabilized

ShoulderParkway

Shoulder

Width

Parking

lane

Width

Minimum

Median

Width

Lane

width (*)Parking

Curb

Config.Type

(*) Number of lanes as necessary to

accommodate anticipated traffic

volume.

(**) Stabilized Grass

PennSCAPES 2003


36/49



Classification schemes Width Parking Configuration Curbs vs. No Curb Longitudinal Grade Sidewalk Standards



37/49

Local Subdivision Road Grade

(Longitudinal Slope; from Ordinance Review)

Local Access

6% 2 (2%)

7% - 8% 4 (5%)9% - 10% 42 (50%)

11% - 12% 22 (27%)

13% - 14% 2 (2%)

15% - 16% 4 (5%)

Not Specified 6 (7%)

Residential Collector

6% 12 (14%)

7% - 8% 39 (46%)

9% - 10% 21 (25%)

11% - 12% 4 (5%)13% - 14% 0 (0%)

15% - 16% 0 (0%)


Residential Street Longitudinal Slope:


38/49


AASHTO (local streets)

Minimum 0.50% (0.30% for short distances)

MaxUrban - less than 15%

Rural function of terrain and design speed

Speed (MPH) 25 15

Level 7% 9%Rolling 11% 12%

Mountainous 16% 17%



39/49


Residential Streets

Minimum 0.50%

Max - Local Access

12% (less than 8% preferred)

(up to 18% acceptable for short sections i f

significant icing not a problem)

Max - Collector10% (less than 7% preferred)

Performance Streets

Minimum - 0.05%Max - Residential Access 10%

Max - Collector 8%

Max - Alley 10%

Recommended Residential Street


40/49

Recommended Residential Street

Longitudinal Slope:

*** To the maximum extent possible fit natural terrain ***

Minimum 0.50%

Maximum

Residential Access 15% (18% for short dist.)

Residential Collector 12%

Mixed Use Access / Collector 8%Boulevard 10%

Alley 15%

Where icing may be a problem, max slope of 12%

recommended. Where handicap sidewalk access to be provided

maximum road grades may be limited to 5%


41/49





Sidewalk Standards


42/49

Sidewalk Standards(From Ordinance Review)

Required

By Ordinance 23 (27%)

Both Sides Specified 3 (4%)

At Discretion of Board 7 (9%)Not Specified by Ordinance 51 (60%)

Minimum Width2 ft 1 (1%)

3 ft 1 (1%)

4 ft 50 (60%)

5 ft 5 (6%)6 ft 1 (1)

Not specified 26 (31%)

Sidewalk Standards


43/49

Sidewalk Standards(Review of Standards)

AASHTO

Residential Areas 4 ft.

Commercial Areas 4 ft. 8 ft.

Residential Streets

4 ft. 6 ft. depending on needs

PennSCAPEs

Local Streets 5 ft.

Mixed Use Streets 6 ft.Divided Streets 8 ft.

Recommended Sidewalk Standards


44/49

Recommended Sidewalk Standards(Review of Standards)

Residential Access Streets 4 ft. min

5 ft. rec.

Residential Collector 4 ft. min

5 ft. rec.

Mixed Use / Collector 5 ft. 8 ft.

(as needed)

Divided as needed

G id li St d d f R id ti l St t


45/49





Cul-de-sac Characteristics


46/49

(From Ordinance Review)

Pavement Radius

35 feet 3 (4%)40 feet 39 (46%)

50 feet 27 (33%)

60 feet 2 (2%)80 feet 1 (1%)


Length

250 1200 feet

(Significant variation with street

classification and fromordinance to ordinance)

Cul-de-sac Characteristics


47/49

(Recommended)

Only permitted as Residential Access Street (lengthlimited by traffic volume to < 400 TPD)

Pavement Radius 40 ft. min



48/49





Pavement Structure


49/49

Pavement Structure(From Ordinance Review)

Significant variation in definitions and terminology; Some variation with road classification (13 ordinances).

Configuration:

Wearing

Base

Subgrade

Binder /

Intermediate

Wearing

Base

Subgrade

Layer thickness and

combinations varysignificantly

road and street classification powerpoint updated

Documents