road and rail infrastructure v - repository.ukim.mk · stjepko devald, danijel tenžera, krunoslav...

✁✆

5th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure17–19 May 2018, Zadar, Croatia

Road and Rail Infrastructure VStjepan Lakušić – editor

✁✆

Road and Rail Infrastructure VStjepan Lakušić – editor

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure – CETRA 201817–19 May 2018, Zadar, Croatia

BRidgEs

gEoTEChniCs

infRAsTRuCTuRE sysTEms ComponEnTs dEgRAdATion

pAvEmEnTs

powER supply of TRAnspoRT sysTEms And TRACTion vEhiClEs

RAil infRAsTRuCTuRE

RAil infRAsTRuCTuRE pRojECTs

RAil TRACk sTRuCTuRE

RAil TRAnspoRT mAnAgEmEnT

RoAd infRAsTRuCTuRE mAnAgEmEnT

RoAd infRAsTRuCTuRE pRojECTs

RoAd TRAffiC sAfETy

TRAffiC noisE And viBRATion

TRAffiC plAnning And modElling

TRAffiC sAfETy

TRAnspoRT infRAsTRuCTuRE mAnAgEmEnT

TunnEls

uRBAn TRAnspoRT

RoAd And RAil infRAsTRuCTuRE – misCEllAnEous

9 789538 168253

ISSN 1848–9850DOI 10.5592/CO/CETRA.2018

OrganizerUniversity of Zagreb

Faculty of Civil EngineeringDepartment of Transportation

✁✆5th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure17–19 May 2018, Zadar, Croatia

TiTleRoad and Rail Infrastructure V, Proceedings of the Conference CeTRA 2018

ediTed byStjepan Lakušić

iSSN1848-9850

iSbN978-953-8168-25-3

dOi10.5592/CO/CeTRA.2018

PubliShed byDepartment of TransportationFaculty of Civil EngineeringUniversity of ZagrebKačićeva 26, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

deSigN, lAyOuT & COveR PAgeminimum d.o.o.Marko Uremović · Matej Korlaet

PRiNTed iN ZAgReb, CROATiA by “Tiskara Zelina”, May 2018

COPieS500

Zagreb, May 2018.

Although all care was taken to ensure the integrity and quality of the publication and the information herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher, the editor and authors for any damages to property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication or use the information’s, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.The papers published in the Proceedings express the opinion of the authors, who also are responsible for their content. Reproduction or transmission of full papers is allowed only with written permission of the Publisher. Short parts may be reproduced only with proper quotation of the source.

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructures – CETRA 201817–19 May 2018, Zadar, Croatia

Road and Rail Infrastructure VEditor Stjepan LakušićDepartment of TransportationFaculty of Civil EngineeringUniversity of ZagrebZagreb, Croatia

4

✁✆5th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure17–19 May 2018, Zadar, Croatia

ORgANiSATiONChAiRmeN

Prof. Stjepan Lakušić, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering Prof. emer. Željko Korlaet, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering

ORgANiZiNg COmmiTTee

Prof. Stjepan LakušićProf. emer. Željko KorlaetProf. Vesna DragčevićProf. Tatjana RukavinaAssist. Prof. Ivica StančerićAssist. Prof. Maja AhacAssist. Prof. Saša AhacAssist. Prof. Ivo HaladinAssist. Prof. Josipa DomitrovićTamara DžambasViktorija GrgićŠime BezinaKatarina VranešićŽeljko Stepan

Prof. Rudolf EgerProf. Kenneth GavinProf. Janusz MadejskiProf. Nencho NenovProf. Andrei PetriaevProf. Otto PlašekAssist. Prof. Andreas SchoebelProf. Adam SzelągBrendan Halleman

Stjepan Lakušić, University of Zagreb, presidentBorna Abramović, University of ZagrebMaja Ahac, University of ZagrebSaša Ahac, University of ZagrebDarko Babić, University of ZagrebDanijela Barić, University of ZagrebDavor Brčić, University of ZagrebDomagoj Damjanović, University of ZagrebSanja Dimter, J. J. Strossmayer University of OsijekAleksandra Deluka Tibljaš, University of RijekaJosipa Domitrović, University of ZagrebVesna Dragčević, University of ZagrebRudolf Eger, RheinMain Univ. of App. Sciences, WiesbadenAdelino Ferreira, University of CoimbraMakoto Fujiu, Kanazawa UniversityLaszlo Gaspar, Széchenyi István University in GyőrKenneth Gavin, Delft University of TechnologyNenad Gucunski, Rutgers UniversityIvo Haladin, University of ZagrebStaša Jovanović, University of Novi SadLajos Kisgyörgy, Budapest Univ. of Tech. and Economics

Anastasia Konon, St. Petersburg State Transport Univ.Željko Korlaet, University of ZagrebMeho Saša Kovačević, University of ZagrebZoran Krakutovski, Ss. Cyril and Methodius Univ. in SkopjeDirk Lauwers, Ghent UniversityJanusz Madejski, Silesian University of TechnologyGoran Mladenović, University of BelgradeTomislav Josip Mlinarić, University of ZagrebNencho Nenov, University of Transport in SofiaMladen Nikšić, University of ZagrebAndrei Petriaev, St. Petersburg State Transport UniversityOtto Plašek, Brno University of TechnologyMauricio Pradena, University of ConcepcionCarmen Racanel, Tech. Univ. of Civil Eng. BucharestTatjana Rukavina, University of ZagrebAndreas Schoebel, Vienna University of TechnologyIvica Stančerić, University of ZagrebAdam Szeląg, Warsaw University of TechnologyMarjan Tušar, National Institute of Chemistry, LjubljanaAudrius Vaitkus, Vilnius Gediminas Technical UniversityAndrei Zaitsev, Russian University of transport, Moscow

iNTeRNATiONAl ACAdemiC SCieNTifiC COmmiTTee

13cetra 2018 – 5th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure

CONTeNTS1 bRidgeS

The fiRST bRidge wiTh POlymeR fibRe ReiNfORCed CONCReTe RidiNg SuRfACe iN The CZeCh RePubliCPetr Bílý, Josef Fládr, Pavel Ryjáček, Vojtěch Stančík . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

PROACTive CONdiTiON-bASed bRidge RehAbiliTATiON PlANNiNg iNCludiNg lCA ANd lCCAntonia Gordt, Stephanie Maier, Kristina Henzler, Stephanos Camarinopoulos, Vassilis Kallidromitis, Corrado Sanna, Panagiotis Panetsos, Theodora Karali, Kostas Bouklas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

APPliCATiON Of fiNiTe elemeNT meThOdS TO mASONRy bRidgeSSteve Rhodes, Philip Icke, Paul Lyons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

field TeSTiNg Of fbg bASed defORmATiON SeNSORS embedded iN CONCReTe bRidge STRuCTuReKristýna Čápová, Lukáš Velebil, Jan Včelák, Jaroslav Demuth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

bRidge SmS – iNNOvATive SOluTiON fOR mANAgemeNT Of bRidgeS OveR wATeRDamir Bekić, Igor Kerin, Paul Cahill, Panagiotis Michalis, John Lapthorne, Hrvoje Šolman, Gordon Gilja, Kristina Potočki, Vikram Pakrashi, Eamon McKeogh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

PARAmeTRiC ANAlySiS Of PedeSTRiAN TimbeR beAm bRidgeS ANd SeleCTiON Of TheiR OPTimAl deSigNAdriana Bjelanović, Filip Franolić, Tomislav Franković, Ivana Štimac Grandić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

NO-CleARANCe COmPOSiTe SuPeRSTRuCTuRe ANd STeel bRidge CONjOiNT behAviOuR AS A ReSulT Of SPRiNgTime TemPeRATuRe ChANgeHelga Papp, Nándor Liegner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

A STudy ON imAge diAgNOSTiC TeChNOlOgy fOR bRidge iNSPeCTiON uSiNg ulTRA high ReSOluTiON CAmeRA Takahiro Minami, Makoto Fujiu, Junichi Takayama, Shinya Suda, Shuya Okumura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

SimPlified PROCeduRe fOR mAximum ACCeleRATiON deTeRmiNATiON ON SimPle bRidge STRuCTuReSIvana Štimac Grandić, Davor Grandić, Nina Čepić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

ACOuSTiC emiSSiON fOR mONiTORiNg Of STReNgTheNed RC beAm-COlumN jOiNTSSena Tayfur, Emre Ercan, Kentaro Ohno, Ninel Alver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

OPeRATiONAl mOdAl ANAlySiS Of TwO ideNTiCAl SiNgle SPAN ROAd bRidgeSDomagoj Damjanović, Ivan Duvnjak, Marko Bartolac, Janko Košćak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

TeNSile STReNgTh fOR evAluATiNg deTeRiORATiON iN CONCReTeAndrew J. Boyd, Andrew J.K. Komar, Gaowei Xu, Andrea Leone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

CASe STudy: RAil STRuCTuRe iNTeRACTiON Of bRidge ACROSS bAlRAm RiveR iN The STATe Of gujRAT, iNdiAAnuj Asati, Vasanth Kumar Samyayya, Subir Das . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

deSigN develOPmeNT Of 9.759km lONg Six lANe exTRAdOSed bRidge PROjeCT CROSSiNg RiveR gANgA iN The STATe Of bihAR, iNdiAP. R. Vital Veera, Inki Choi, R. Kasi Viswanath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

iN-SeRviCe PeRfORmANCe Of ROAd CONCReTe bRidgeS – SeT uP Of CASe STudieS fOR NOvel PRO-ACTive mAiNTeNANCe meThOdOlOgyMarija Kušter Marić, Jelena Bleiziffer, Anđelko Vlašić, Joško Ožbolt, Ana Mandić Ivanković, Mladen Srbić, Dominik Skokandić, Gordana Hrelja Kovačević, Nijaz Mujkanović, Stjepko Devald, Danijel Tenžera, Krunoslav Tepeš, Mladen Burić, Luka Lacković . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139


The ANAlySiS Of vibRATiONS iNduCed by PedeSTRiAN TRAffiC ANd The APPliCATiON Of dAmPiNg SySTemS ON fOOTbRidgeSPetra Mužic, Anđelko Vlašić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

fATigue ASSeSSmeNT due TO NON-STANdARd deTAiliNg Of ORThOTROPiC bRidge deCkSAndjelko Vlasic, Nijaz Mujkanovic, Gordana Hrelja Kovačević . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155

2 geOTeChNiCS

The imPORTANCe Of gROuNd iNveSTigATiON fiNdiNgS iN The deSigN fOR OveRheAd liNe eleCTRifiCATiON fOuNdATiONSSaeed Murray, Slobodan B. Mickovski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

STAbiliZATiON Of ClAyey SOil uSiNg ggbf SlAg wiTh PORTlANd CemeNT ANd hydRATed limeAlpa J. Shah, Ankit D. Adwani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

uSe Of COAl wASTe iN ROAd CONSTRuCTiONValerii Vyrozhemskyi, Iryna Voloshyna, Nataliia Bidnenko, Vasyl Nagaychuk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

imPlemeNTATiON Of NON-deSTRuCTive meThOdS fOR The deTeRmiNATiON Of TRAmwAy embANkmeNT CONdiTiONMario Bačić, Meho Saša Kovačević, Stjepan Lakušić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

CROATiAN exPeRieNCe iN APPliCATiON Of uAS fOR lANdSlide RemediATiON meASuReSDanijela Jurić Kaćunić, Marijan Car, Luka Pušić, Stjepan Matić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

SubgRAde TReATed by AlTeRNATive TeChNOlOgieS bASed ON fly ASh fROm fluidiZed COmbuSTiON Jakub Šedina, Jan Valentin, Petr Mondschein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

iNTeRACTiON COeffiCieNT fOR ReSiSTANCe TO fRAgmeNTATiON by gOST ANd eN TeST ReSulTSJulia Koreneva, Julija Shommet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207

geOgRidS – whAT iS imPORTANTMensur Mulabdić, Krunoslav Minažek, Jelena Kaluđer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

iNflueNCe Of fly ASh ON The eNgiNeeRiNg PROPeRTieS Of SilTy ClAy ANd heAvy lOAm iN ShANghAiJili Qu, Da Hu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

geOSyNTheTiCAl mATeRiAlS iN deSigNS Of highwAyS iN COld RegiONS Of fAR eASTSergey Kudryavtsev, Tatiana Valtseva, Elena Goncharova, Zhanna Kotenko, Anastasiya Peters, Semen Bugunov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

STRuCTuRAl ReiNfORCemeNT Of geOTexTileS by high-TeNSile STeel wiRe meSheSVjekoslav Budimir, Armin Roduner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

APPliCATiON Of NumeRiCAl SimulATiON fOR CAlCulATiNg The lOAd-beARiNg CAPACiTy Of bRidge SuPPORTS ON PeRmAfROST SOilSKudryavtsev Sergey Anatolyevich, Pogodin Denis Yuryevich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251

PROblem SOluTiON fOR exPlOiTATiON Of ROAd STRuCTuReS AT The RuSSiAN fAR eAST NORTheRN AReASSvetlana Mirzakhanovna Zhdanova, Nikolai Ivanovich Gorshkov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

COmPReSSibiliTy ChARACTeRiSTiCS Of SOfT ClAy uSiNg lARge SiZed mOdel CONSOlidATiON TeST ThROugh veRTiCAl geO-dRAiNNirav Rathod, Abhay R. Gandhi, Manish V. Shah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

3 iNfRASTRuCTuRe SySTemS COmPONeNTS degRAdATiON

SeT uP Of A TheRmAl NeTwORk meThOd mOdel fOR The CAlCulATiON Of TemPeRATuRe diSTRibuTiON iN heATed POiNTSMarkus Schladitz, Robert Adam, Steffen Grossmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

TheOReTiCAl-CAlCulATiON mOdel fOR deTeRmiNATiON ON STReSS ANd lOAd-beARiNg CAPACiTy iN RAil-TRACk wiTh CORROSiONAntonio Shopov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285


ChANge Of SPRiNg CONSTANT fOR SPRiNgS wiTh CORROSiONAntonio Shopov, Borislav Bonev, Nikolay Brayanov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

PASSive ANd ACTive iNfRARed TheRmOgRAPhy SuRvey iN The RAilwAy TRANSPORT fieldAnna Stoynova, Nencho Nenov, Borislav Bonev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299

STRAy CuRReNT CORROSiON ACTiviTy ON RAil TRANSiT SySTem iN uRbAN AReASKatarina Vranešić, Stjepan Lakušić, Marijana Serdar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

4 PAvemeNTS

lAbORATORy PeRfORmANCe-bASed APPRAiSAl Of hAlf-wARm mix ReCyCled ASPhAlT mixTuReS CONTAiNiNg uP TO 50 % Of ReClAimed ASPhAlT PAvemeNTJosé Manuel Lizárraga, Antonio Ramírez, José R. Marcobal, Juan Gallego . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

deTeRmiNATiON Of ROAd SuRfACe ChARACTeRiSTiCS uSiNg PhOTOgRAmmeTRy TeChNiqueMirza Pozder, Sanjin Albinovic, Ammar Saric, Dzevad Krdzalic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

OPTimiZiNg ASPhAlT PAvemeNTS fOR heAvily TRAffiCked ROAdSLászló Gáspár, Zsolt Bencze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

degRAded ROAd PAvemeNT SuRvey uSiNg gPRSandro Colagrande, Danilo Ranalli, Marco Tallini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

PReCiSiON ANd ACCuRACy iN deTeRmiNATiON Of PAvemeNT Skid ReSiSTANCe uNifORm SeCTiON leNgThJakub Fengier, Mieczysław Słowik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351

PAvemeNT SuRfACe mACROTexTuRe ANAlySiSIvana Pranjić, Aleksandra Deluka-Tibljaš, Marijana Cuculić, Robert Skender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

PRediCTiON Of ShORT-TeRm AgiNg level by AgiNg quANTiTy mOdel uSiNg Time ANd TemPeRATuRe Of hOT-mix ASPhAlTYeongsam Kim, Baeseon Dong, Sungun Kim, Jaewon Jo, Kwang W. Kim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

PeRfORmANCe evAluATiON Of vOid-fRee ASPhAlT CONCReTe fOR heAvy duTy PAvemeNTInjung Kim, Kyeongjin Kim, Sungjin Lee, Kwang W. Kim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

imPROvemeNT iN PROPeRTieS Of biTumeN uSiNg SeleCTed AddiTiveSEva Remišová . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .383

eCOlOgiCAl ASPeCT Of biOASheS AS ROAd buildiNg mATeRiAlMartina Zagvozda, Sanja Dimter, Tatjana Rukavina, Adriana Estokova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389

ON The imPORTANCe Of AggRegATe miNeRAlOgy iN ASPhAlT PAvemeNT diSTReSSNicolae Ciont, Nicolae Har, Mihai Iliescu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

STiffNeSS ANd fATigue ReSiSTANCe Of hOT mix ASPhAlT CONTAiNiNg high RATeS Of ReClAimed ASPhAlT PAvemeNTNelson Alvarado, Juan Martinez, Emile Lopez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403

The iNveSTigATiON Of POlyAmide fibeR AS AN AddiTive iN hmAEkinhan Eriskin, Kemal Armagan, Sebnem Karahancer, Caglar Sivri, Mehmet Saltan, Serdal Terzi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

field PeRfORmANCe evAluATiON Of uNbOuNd gRANulAR mATeRiAlS uSiNg The fAST fAlliNg weighT defleCTOmeTeRSilvia Giuntoli, Chiara Pratelli, Giacomo Betti, Alessandro Marradi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

iNflueNCe Of The OveRlOAded vehiCleS elimiNATiON ON The ROAd PAvemeNT duRAbiliTyPiotr Zieliński, Malwina Spławińska, Piotr Burnos, Janusz Gajda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

uSAbiliTy Of hemP fibeR iN deNSe gRAded hOT mix ASPhAlT mixTuReSebnem Karahancer, Ekinhan Eriskin, Kemal Armagan, Nihat Morova, Mehmet Saltan, Serdal Terzi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

hOT ASPhAlT mixTuRe CONTAiNiNg wASTe PROduCTSRoxana Ungureanu, Carmen Răcănel, Georgeta Grîsîc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439


STudy Of The RelATiONShiP beTweeN The AggRegATeS gRAdATiON, biNdeR PROPeRTieS ANd deNSifiCATiON iNdexeS fOR AN ASPhAlT CONCReTe RuTTiNg ReSiSTANCeLaynara Xavier Barroso, Lilian Ribeiro De Rezende, Márcio Muniz De Farias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445

TeSTiNg ANd iNTeRPReTATiON Of The PeRmeAbiliTy Of ASPhAlT mixeSZsuzsanna Igazvölgyi, Zoltán Soós, Csaba Tóth, Réka Nádasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

STReSS-STRAiN ANd fAiluRe mOdeS Of ASPhAlT CONCReTe iN COmPReSSiON due TO geOmeTRiCAl ChANgeSLee Leon, Derek Gay, Nicola Simpson, Shian Edwin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

SmA mixTuReS wiTh elevATed CONTeNT Of ReClAimed ASPhAlTPavla Vacková, Jan Valentin, Evangelos Mantho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

ANAlyZiNg The duRAbiliTy Of AdheSiON STAbiliTy Of ASPhAlT mixTuReSTereza Valentová, Jan Valentin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .479

iNCReASe Of ASPhAlT ReCyCliNg by uSiNg PyROlySiS PROduCTS Of wASTe TiReSLidija Ržek, Dušan Klinar, Marjan Tušar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .487

iNveSTigATiNg The uSe Of gPR fOR PAvemeNT CONdiTiON ASSeSSmeNTJosipa Domitrović, Šime Bezina, Tatjana Rukavina, Ivica Stančerić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495

lOw TemPeRATuRe PROPeRTieS Of PAviNg gRAde biTumeNMojca Ravnikar Turk, Marjan Tušar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

mix deSigN ANd PRelimiNARy vAlidATiON Of SuSTAiNAble ASPhAlT CONCReTe mANufACTuRed wiTh eleCTRiC ARC ANd lAdle fuRNACe STeel SlAgSMarta Skaf, Vanesa Ortega-López, Juan Manuel Manso, Emiliano Pasquini, Marco Pasetto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

PRelimiNARy iNveSTigATiON Of meChANiCAl ANd fuNCTiONAl PROPeRTieS Of COlOuRed ASPhAlT PAvemeNT SuRfACeSMarco Pasetto, Emiliano Pasquini, Giovanni Giacomello, Andrea Baliello . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519

TeSTiNg Of PeRviOuS CONCReTe wiTh NON-deSTRuCTive meThOdSMiloš Šešlija, Vlastimir Radonjanin, Nebojša Radović . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527

ANAlySiS Of biTumeN AgeiNg PROCeSSeS ANd iNNOvATive TeChNiqueS fOR The RejuveNATiON Rita Kleizienė, Audrius Vaitkus, Miglė Paliukaitė . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535

5 POweR SuPPly Of TRANSPORT SySTemS ANd TRACTiON vehiCleS

RAilwAy TRANSPORT SuSTAiNAbiliTy wiTh AuTOmATed hiPOT fAiluRe deTeCTiONWangai Agnes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

dyNAmiC ReACTive POweR COmPeNSATiON iN TRACTiON SubSTATiONSDubravko Krušelj, Miroslav Macan, Hrvoje Pauković . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553

COmPARATive STReNgTh ANAlySiS Of The RAilwAy CANTileveRSvetoslav Slavchev, Vladislav Maznichki, Oleg Krastev, Kiril Velkov, Sanel Purgic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563

A CAlCulATiON Of eleCTRiC dRiveS RequiRemeNTS iN A hybRid SweePeRNikša Ćavar, Tomislav Ivaniš, Mario Vražić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571

APPliCATiON Of A SPeCTRAl TheORy fOR ANAlySiS Of imPulSe STOChASTiC PROCeSSeS Of vOlTAge ANd CuRReNT Of eleCTRiC ROlliNg STOCk iN TRACTiON-RegeNeRATive mOdeSAdam Szeląg, Mykola Kostin, Anatolii Nikitenko, Włodzimierz Jefimowski, Maciej Wieczorek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579

STReNgTh ASSeSSmeNT Of POweRed Axle uSiNg diffeReNT CAlCulATiON meThOdS Sanel Purgić, Svetoslav Slavchev, Valeri Stoilov, Kiril Velkov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .589

TRAm POweR SuPPly iNfRASTRuCTuRe mOdeRNiZATiON fOR imPROviNg iTS eNeRgy effiCieNCy – POliSh CASeAdam Szeląg, Tadeusz Maciołek, Zbigniew Drążek, Marcin Steczek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597

The OPTimiZATiON Of SuPeRCAPACiTOR mOdule PARAmeTeRS Of A STATiONARy eNeRgy STORAge SySTem iN dC POweR SuPPlyWłodzimierz Jefimowski, Adam Szeląg, Anatolij Nikitenko, Maciej Wieczorek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .605


6 RAil iNfRASTRuCTuRe

RehAbiliTATiON Of RAilwAy TRACk quAliTy iN CONdiTiONS Of The SlOvAk RePubliCJanka Šestáková, Libor Ižvolt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615

ASymmeTRiCAl effeCTS ON RAilwAy TuRNOuT beAReRS due TO wheelSeT imPACT OveR A CROSSiNg NOSeSakdirat Kaewunruen, Chayut Ngamkhanong, Keiichi Goto, Rims Janeliukstis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623

vibRATiON-bASed CONdiTiON mONiTORiNg Of TRAmwAy TRACk fROm iN SeRviCe vehiCle uSiNg Time-fRequeNCy PROCeSSiNg TeChNiqueSPéter Bocz, Ákos Vinkó, Zoltán Posgay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631

uNCeRTAiNTy ANd RiSk quANTifiCATiON iN RAilwAy mAiNTeNANCe mOdelliNgRick Vandoorne, Petrus J. Gräbe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .639

imPACT Of RAilwAy TRACk PARAmeTeRS ON eNeRgy CONSumPTiON ANd ghg PROduCTiON Of PASSeNgeR TRAiN OPeRATiONMartin Kendra, Tomáš Skrúcaný, Juraj Grenčík, Peter Šulko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .647

exPeRimeNTAl iNveSTigATiON Of STONeblOwiNg ANd uNdeR SleePeR PAdS RAilwAy mAiNTeNANCe TeChNiqueSAlexandr Axmetovich Abrashitov, Artem Valentinovich Semak, Andrei Aleksandrovich Sidrakov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655

imPROviNg TRACk CONdiTiON by APPliCATiON Of quASi CumulATive diSTRibuTiON fuNCTiON (qCdf) Gregory A. Krug, Janusz Madejski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .659

AN iNTegRATed mONiTORiNg SySTem fOR CONTiNuOuS evAluATiON Of RAilwAy TRACkS fOR effiCieNT ASSeT mANAgemeNTCarlos Santos, Paulo Morais, André Paixão, Eduardo Fortunato, Francisco Asseiceiro, Paula Alvarenga, Luís Gomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .667

effeCTS Of uNdeR-SleePeR-PAdS ON lONg-TeRm TRACk quAliTy behAviOuRJohannes Neuhold, Matthias Landgraf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675

fROm mANuAl iNSPeCTiON TO PeRmANeNT mONiTORiNg Of TuRNOuTSPetra Antonia Wilfling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .683

APPliCATiON Of OSijek’S TRAm TRACkS geOmeTRy ANAlySiS ReSulTS iN TheiR ReCONSTRuCTiON STRATegy develOPmeNTMaja Ahac, Stjepan Lakušić, Janusz Madejski, Ivo Haladin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .689

ANAlySiS Of dyNAmiC imPACT fORCeS ON RAilwAy TRACkS due TO wheel flATSCengiz Kolukirik, Niyazi Özgür Bezgin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .697

7 RAil iNfRASTRuCTuRe PROjeCTS

CONCePT Of ReCONSTRuCTiON ANd mOdeRNiZATiON Of RAilwAy TRACkS Of ROuTe 9A – dObOj-TuZlA-bRčkO SeCTiONLjiljana Milić Marković, Ljubo Marković, Goran Ćirović . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707

PRiORiTiZATiON Of RAilwAy iNfRASTRuCTuRe PROjeCTS uSiNg The ANP APPROACh – CASe STudy SeRbiAN RAilwAy NeTwORkMiroslav Prokić, Dragana Macura, Branislav Bošković . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .713

POSSibiliTy fOR RuNNiNg fReighT TRAiNS AT SPeed 80 km/h ON exiSTiNg SAudi RAilwAyS fReighT liNe Fitim Shala, Muhammad Umair Shaukat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719

SOme TeChNiCAl ASPeCTS Of The CONSTRuCTiON Of The New high SPeed RAilwAy iN mexiCORoberto Gomez, Alberto J. Escobar, Victor Cecilio, Marco A. Mendoza, Luis M. Arenas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729

TRACk STRuCTuRe ReCONSTRuCTiON PRACTiCe fOR The SubgRAde ON weAk fOuNdATiON SOilSAndrey Zaytsev, Andrei Petriaev, Laura Černiauskaite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .739


8 RAil TRACk STRuCTuRe

effeCTS Of veRTiCAl ANd ThROugh hOleS ON CyCliC behAviOuR Of RAilwAy CONCReTe SleePeRSDan Li, Ruilin You, Sakdirat Kaewunruen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749

fATigue life lOSSeS Of RAilwAy CONCReTe SleePeRS due TO SuRfACe AbRASiONSRuilin You, Dan Li, Sakdirat Kaewunruen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757

exPeRimeNTAl veRifiCATiON Of AN OPTimiSed heATiNg SySTem fOR hOllOw SleePeRS CONTAiNiNg POiNTS POSiTiONiNg SySTemSJulian Heger, Franz Kurzweil, Markus Schladitz, Robert Adam, Steffen Großmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765

iNSTAllATiON Of AN iNNOvATive RAilwAy fASTeNiNg SySTem Tomislav Tesla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773

evAluATiON Of bAllAST mATeRiAlS uSed iN bRAZiliAN RAilwAyS bASed ON TheiR ReSiSTANCe TO weARCassio Eduardo Lima De Paiva, Mauro Luiz Pereira, Rogério P. Ribeiro, Rony S. Santos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779

iN-SiTu TeSTiNg Of RC TRACk SlAb iN TuNNel ivAN ANd NumeRiCAl mOdelliNgSenad Medić, Adis Skejić, Sanjin Albinović . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787

iSSueS iN deSigNiNg PAvemeNT SuRfACeS fOR PubliC TRANSPORT lANeSPéter Balog, Nándor Liegner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795

RAilwAy buffeR STOPS PlANNiNgOtto Plášek, Vlastislav Salajka, Vladimír Adamec, Miroslava Hruzíková, Petr Hradil, Barbora Schüllerová, Petr Guziur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .803

AllOwAble wheel lOAdS Of PReSTReSSed CONCReTe SleePeRS STANdARdiZed by jiSNumeRiCAl SimulATiONS Of The RAilwAy bAllASTViktorija Grgić, Stjepan Lakušić, Damir Lazarević . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819

A NumeRiCAl meThOd fOR eSTimATiNg The defleCTiONS Of bAllASTed RAilwAy TRACkSGeorge Wilton Albuquerque Rangel, Francisco Thiago Sacramento Aragão, Laura Maria Goretti Da Motta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .829

PROPOSAl Of A New ANAlyTiCAl meThOd TO eSTimATe The veRTiCAl imPACT fORCeS ON RAilwAy TRACkS due TO ChANgeS iN TRACk PROfile ANd TRACk STiffNeSSNiyazi Özgür Bezgin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837

9 RAil TRANSPORT mANAgemeNT

The ANAlySiS Of The ORgANiSATiON Of RAilwAy PASSeNgeR TRANSPORT ON The libeRAliSed mARkeTBorna Abramović, Denis Šipuš, Marko Leko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847

COmPlex-SySTem deCiSiON fRAmewORk fOR mANAgiNg RiSkS TO RAil STATiONS AT AiRPORTS fROm TeRRORiST ThReATSHamad Alawad, Silviu Codru Second, Sakdirat Kaewunruen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855

iNNOvATive bAggAge dROP Off fOR iNTeRmOdAl AiR-RAil TRiPSBernhard Rüger, Christian Albl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .863

eRTmS dePlOymeNT PARAdigm wiTh A SPeCiAl Review Of APPlied eu diReCTiveSBožica Radoš . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871

COmPARiSON Of The OPeRATiNg iNTeRvAlS ON The RAilwAy liNe beTweeN ŽiliNA ANd RAjeC AfTeR The APPliCATiON Of A New diReCTive by The SlOvAk RAilwAy iNfRASTRuCTuRe mANAgeRPeRfORmANCe evAluATiON Of A PReCiSe Time SyNChRONiZATiON TeChNOlOgy fOR TRAiNSPusik Park, Jeongdo Lee, Jongho Yoon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .885

biOmeTRiCS fOR SeAmleSS uRbAN PubliC TRANSPORTATiONGaurav Agarwal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891

The ROle Of The RAilwAy iNfRASTRuCTuRe iN PORTS Of huNgARyGábor Horváth, Lajos Szabó . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .895


STudy Of The POSSibiliTieS fOR develOPiNg PASSeNgeR TeRmiNAl by APPlyiNg A mOdel fOR evAluATiON Of The RAilwAy iNfRASTRuCTuRe PARAmeTeRSRadina Nikolova, Oleg Krastev, Rositza Kenova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903

evAluATiON mOdel Of RAilwAy iNfRASTRuCTuRe POTeNTiAl fOR eSTAbliShmeNT Of fReighT iNTeRmOdAl TeRmiNAlSSvetoslav Martinov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .911

RAil iNfRASTRuCTuRe ChARgeS iN The v4 COuNTRieSAnna Dolinayova, Juraj Camaj. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917

RAil iNfRASTRuCTuRe develOPmeNT ANd ClimATe ChANge-ChAlleNgeS fOR RAil OPeRATORSTibor Princz-Jakovics, Dóra Bachmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925

RAil TRAffiC TeChNOlOgy duRiNg The CONSTRuCTiON Of ljubljANA PASSeNgeR CeNTeRLuka Šošo, Gorazd Dolšek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931

10 ROAd iNfRASTRuCTuRe mANAgemeNT

imPlemeNTATiON ANd beNefiTS Of A lOw COST PmS fOR muNiCiPAl ROAd NeTwORkSCarl Van Geem, Tim Massart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941

exPlORiNg ChAlleNgeS fACiNg ROAd CONTRACTORS iN exeCuTiON Of gOveRNmeNT Of ghANA (gOg) fuNded PROjeCTSNicholas Tetteh Marteye, Ernest Kissi, Daniel Yamoah, Asare Sanyeh Samuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .949

PRediCTiNg TRAffiC SigNS fuNCTiONAl SeRviCe life uSiNg SuRvivAl ANAlySiS meThOdAnđelko Ščukanec, Milan Patrlj, Mario Fiolić, Dario Babić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957

mOdulAR exPANSiON jOiNTS fOR jOiNT OPeNiNgS iN The ROAdMiroslav Šimun, Sandra Mihalinac, Nikola Golojuh, Ninoslav Stajkov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .965

wAyS TO CReATe A COmPeTiTive eNviRONmeNT iN The AReA Of OPeRATiONAl mAiNTeNANCe Of ROAdSArtem Bezuglyi, Sergii Illiash, Оleksandr Tymoshchuk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 973

fuTuRe ChAlleNgeS fOR The ROAd ASSeT mANAgemeNTDenitsa Osichenko, Roland Spielhofer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .979

eCOdRiviNg POTeNTiAl Of ROAdS ACCORdiNg TO TheiR SPeed SeCTiONiNg: bOSNiA ANd fRANCe CASeSEmir Deljanin, Pierre-Olivier Vandanjon, Alex Coiret, Samir Čaušević . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .987

SuPeRviSiON Of ROAd iNfRASTRuCTuRe by APPlyiNg iNTelligeNT TRANSPORT SySTemS wiTh SPeCiAl Review ON bOSNiA ANd heRZegOviNAAbidin Deljanin, Ermin Muharemović, Mirza Berković, Klaudija Kuliš . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .993

COSTS Of PeRfORmANCe bASed mAiNTeNANCe fOR uNPAved lOCAl ROAdS: CASe STudy AlbANiAIgor Jokanović, Bojana Grujić, Dragana Zeljić, Žarko Grujić, Mila Svilar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1001

A Semi-AuTOmATiC meThOd Of ASSeSSiNg The TeChNiCAl STATe Of The STReeT NeTwORk ThROugh The SOfTwARe “e.S.T.S.”Pavăl Flavius-Florin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009

ClimATe ChANge imPACTS ON ROAdS iN bOSNiA ANd heRZegOviNASuada Džebo, Žanesa Ljevo, Ammar Šarić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017

11 ROAd iNfRASTRuCTuRe PROjeCTS

bim iN iNfRASTRuCTuReGregor Kralj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027

geNeRAl deSigN Of The bANjA lukA – PRijedOR – NOvi gRAd highwAy iN The RePubliC Of SRPSkA – SeleCTiON Of The OPTimum CORRidORIsidora Pančić, Dragoslav Dragićević, Srđan Đokić, Radomir Matić, Novica Stevanović . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1035


iNTelligeNT TRANSPORT SySTemS iN SOuTh eAST euROPe: TOwARdS A COmmON STRATegiC fRAmewORk fOR imPlemeNTATiONNedim Begović, Marios Domoxoudis, Efthimios Liberopoulos, Uroš Marjanović, Marios Miltiadou, Dušan Mladenović, Žaneta Ostojić Barjaktarević, Aleš Pavšek, Miroslav Petrović, Božica Radoš . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1043

CAlCulATiON Of ROAd PROjeCTS eARThwORk: A COmPARiSON Of meThOdSNikolaos Eliou, Andromachi Gkoutzini, Ioannis Karakikes, Ioannis Gizas, Athanasios Galanis, George Kaliampetsos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051

New mATeRiAlS ANd TeChNOlOgieS uSed iN Civil iNfRASTRuCTuReDubravka Bjegović, Nina Štirmer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1057

12 ROAd TRAffiC SAfeTy

AddReSSiNg SighT-diSTANCe-RelATed SAfeTy effeCTS Of iNSTAlliNg mediAN bARRieRS AT hORiZONTAl CuRveS Of uNdivided highwAyS uNdeR A 3d APPROAChCésar De Santos-Berbel, Keila González-Gómez, Maria Castro, Jose A. Anta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1067

SAfeTy iNSPeCTiONS Of ROAdSJan Petru, Vladislav Krivda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1075

ANAlySiS Of SeleCTed TyPeS Of AdveRTiSemeNT iNflueNCiNg The dRiveR´S viSuAl ATTeNTiON iN ReAl ROAd TRAffiCKateřina Bucsuházy, Ivo Stáňa, Marek Semela, Veronika Svozilová, Olga Vallová . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1083

ACCideNT PRediCTiON mOdelS CONSideRiNg PAvemeNTS quAliTyRita Justo-Silva, Adelino Ferreira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1089

The effeCT Of ROAd ReSTRAiNT SySTemS ON The level Of ROAd SAfeTy – POliSh exPeRieNCeMarcin Budzynski, Kazimierz Jamroz, Lukasz Jelinski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1097

ROAd SAfeTy mANAgemeNT iN ROmANiAAdrian Burlacu, Alina F. Burlacu, Carmen Răcănel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1105

OPeRATiNg SPeed ON uRbAN ROAd NeTwORk – CASe STudy iN RijekA, CROATiAAleksandra Deluka-Tibljaš, Sanja Šurdonja, Dario Malatestinić, Luka Strineka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1113

COmPARiSON Of PedeSTRiAN behAviOuR AT SigNAliZed iNTeRSeCTiONS ANd OveRPASS lOCATiONS – CASe STudy Of iZmiR, TuRkeyYalcin Alver, Pelin Onelcin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1121

The imPACT Of SeleCTed ROAd ANd TRAffiC feATuReS ON TRAvel SPeed ON TwO lANe highwAyOstrowski Krzysztof, Chodur Janusz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1129

SPeed mOdelS AT eNTRieS TO SigNAliSed RuRAl iNTeRSeCTiONSChodur Janusz, Ostrowski Krzysztof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1137

PilOT PROjeCT fOR ROAd SAfeTy iN ROmANiA uSiNg The CAble ROAd bARRieRPavăl Flavius-Florin, Toma Mihai-Gabriel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1145

uSiNg Of diffeReNT ROAd vehiCle COmbiNATiONS fOR AbNORmAl TRANSPORTS bASed ON The ASSeSSmeNT Of lOAd RATiNg Of bRidgeS iN SlOvAkiA fOR The mOST CRiTiCAl vehiCle COmbiNATiONJuraj Jagelcak, Jan Vrabel, Monika Kiktova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1153

13 TRAffiC NOiSe ANd vibRATiON

ACOuSTiCAl AgeiNg Of lOw NOiSe PAvemeNTS exPReSSed by diffeReNT meASuRiNg TeChNiqueSAudrius Vaitkus, Tadas Andriejauskas, Viktoras Vorobjovas, Ovidijus Šernas, Dovydas Skrodenis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1165

NOiSe miTigATiON wiTh RAil lubRiCATiON deviCe ON TRAmliNeGabriella Csortos, Fülöp Augusztinovicz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1173

SPeCTRAl AdAPTATiON TeRmS deTeRmiNATiON fOR buildiNg AiRbORNe SOuNd iNSulATiON RequiRemeNTS AgAiNST RAilwAy NOiSeIlya Tsukernikov, Igor Shubin, Tatyana Nevenchannaja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1181


PeRCePTiON Of TRAffiC NOiSe ANd PROTeCTiON meASuReS by PeOPle liviNg AlONg The ROAdKrystian Woźniak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1187

elASTiC wAveS iN The RAilROAd TRACk SubSTRuCTuReS ANd iTS SuRROuNdiNgS ANAlyZed wiTh NON-ClASSiCAl OPeRATiONAl meThOdSEligiusz Mieloszyk, Anita Milewska, Sławomir Grulkowski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1195

mONiTORiNg Of TRAffiC NOiSe ON uRbAN ROAd iNTeRSeCTiON – CASe STudyTamara Džambas, Vesna Dragčević, Jure Čuljak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203

vibRATiONAl ACCeleRATiON diSTRibuTiON iN RAilwAy bAllAST iN TeRmS Of heAvy Axle lOAd OPeRATiONAnastasia Konon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1209

iSSueS Of vibRO-dyNAmiC imPACT ON ROAdbed defORmAbiliTy iN PeRmAfROST CONdiTiONSSvetlana Mirzakhanovna Zhdanova, Nikolai Ivanovich Gorchkov, Elena Goncharova, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Krasnov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1215

vibROdiNAmiC imPACT ON The RAilwAy SubSTRuCTuRe ANd meThOdS Of iTS ReduCTiONAndrei Petriaev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1223

14 TRAffiC PlANNiNg ANd mOdelliNg

viSuAliZe The effeCT Of iNPuT vARiAbiliTy ON mOdel OuTPuT iN TRAffiC ASSigNmeNTMundher Ali Seger, Lajos Kisgyorgy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1233

The uSe Of lOgiT mOdel fOR mOdAl SPliT eSTimATiON: A CASe STudyDavor Krasić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1241

PRACTiCAl deTeRmiNATiON Of gAP-ACCePTANCe PARAmeTeRS ON ROuNdAbOuTSAmmar Šarić, Sanjin Albinović, Jasmina Čaušević . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1247

The PROCeSS Of CONSTRAiNTS evAluATiON ANd COmPARiSON uSiNg The SOfTwARe APPliCATiONŠtefan Kudláč, Jozef Majerčák, Peter Kurenkov, Galina Bubnova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1255

APPliCATiON Of kRONeCkeR AlgebRA fOR RAilwAy liNe ZAgReb – RijekAAndreas Schöbel, Hans Blieberger, Christian Schöbel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1261

imPACTS Of AuTONOmOuS vehiCleS ON The uRbAN fuNdAmeNTAl diAgRAmQiong Lu, Tamás Tettamanti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1265

deTeRmiNiNg The CRiTiCAl heAdwAyS by ObSeRvATiON The ROuNdAbOuT’S TRAffiC flOwS iN RuSSiAN fedeRATiONDmitri Nemchinov, Alexandr Mickhailov, Aleksey Kostsov, Dmitri Martiyahin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1273

dRAfT Of TuRbO ROuNdAbOuTS deSigN CONSideRiNg ClimATiC feATuReS Of RuSSiAN fedeRATiONDmitri Nemchinov, Aleksey Kostsov, Alexandr Mikhailov, Dmitri Martiyahin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1279

POTeNTiAlS ANd AdvANTAgeS Of APPlyiNg geOgRAPhiC iNfORmATiON SySTemS iN vARiOuS fieldS Of TRAffiC eNgiNeeRiNgSamir Čaušević, Abidin Deljanin, Muhamed Begović, Emir Deljanin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1285

TRAffiC SimulATiON TOOl iN SeRviCe Of deCiSiON mAkeRSRok Marsetič, Darja Šemrov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1291

APPliCATiON Of PASSiNg SighT diSTANCe iN ROAd deSigNBoris Čutura, Dražen Cvitanić, Ivan Lovrić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1299

SuRvey ON RAil SeRviCe quAliTy – CASe STudy SeRbiAN RAilwAySDragana Macura, Milica Šelmić, Nebojša Bojović, Nikola Mijailović, Milutin Milošević . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1305

AugmeNTed TRANSPORTATiON: imPliCATiONS Of AuTONOmOuS vehiCleS OuTSeT iN TRAffiCTullio Giuffrè, Sanja Šurdonja, Aleksandra Deluka-Tibljaš . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1311

SubSTiTuTiON effeCT Of high SPeed RAil fOR AiR TRANSPORT iN CASe Of CONTiNuOuS flighT CANCellATiONSKazuyuki Takada, Kota Miyauchi, Makoto Fujiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1319


APPliCATiON Of miCROSimulATiON iN ANAlySiS Of The TRAffiC lOAd Of The bRidgeIrena Ištoka Otković, Damir Varevac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1325

mixTuRe diSTRibuTiON mOdel Of dePARTuRe Time deCiSiON fOR RAilwAy COmmuTeRSKota Miyauchi, Kazuyuki Takada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1333

miCROSimulATiON-bASed evAluATiON Of A 30 km/h ZONeCarina Fernandes Chaves, António Luís Vasconcelos, Ana Bastos Silva, Raul Tomaz Almeida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1341

OPeRATiON ANAlySiS Of iNNOvATive ROuNdAbOuT lAyOuTSTânia Silva Mendes, Ana Bastos Silva, António Luís Vasconcelos, Raul Tomaz Almeida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1349

mObileTimeS – CONCePTS fOR The mulTifuNCTiONAl uSe Of TRAvel TimeHarald Frey, Manuela Winder, Edeltraud Haselsteiner, Petra Wetzel, Margarete Havel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1357

ReSeARCh Of CRiTiCAl gAPS Of TRAffiC flOwS ON fReewAy iNTeRChANgeAleksey Kostsov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1365

uSiNg Of The evA mOdel iN The CZeCh RePubliCVít Janoš, Milan Kříž . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1369

15 TRAffiC SAfeTy

The COmPReheNSive ANAlySiS Of A high RiSk SiTe: A CASe STudyKateřina Bucsuházy, Ivo Stáňa, Michal Zelený, Jindřich Rybka, Marek Semela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1379

geOSPATiAl ANAlySiS Of TRAffiC ACCideNTS iN uRbAN AReAS – CASe STudy Of CiTy Of SiSAkMario Ćosić, Ljupko Šimunović, Božo Radulović . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1387

CASe STudy Of vehiCle Side CRASheS wiTh TRAmSRoman Mikulec, Marek Semela, Stanislav Tokař . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1393

eRgONOmiC mOdel Of ACTiON’S deTeRmiNANTS ANd APPliCATiON iN SeCuRiTy SySTem (dyNAmiC iNTuiTiONiSTiC fuZZy mulTi-ATTRibuTe deCiSiON mAkiNg meThOd)Jihad Ouahli, Abdelghani Cherkaoui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1401

ANAlySiS Of ReASONS Of ACCideNTS beTweeN CyCliSTS ANd PubliC TRANSPORT vehiCleS iN CiTieSMarek Bauer, Wiesław Dźwigoń, Romanika Okraszewska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1409

SAfe-10-T: SAfeTy Of TRANSPORT iNfRASTRuCTuRe ON The TeN-T NeTwORkJulie Clarke, Paul Doherty, Lorcan Connolly, Kenneth Gavin, Marieke Van Der Tuin, Pieter Van Gelder, Stephen Wells, Rade Hajdin, Meho Saša Kovačević, Timo Hartmann, Irina Stipanovic, Ruediger Ehlers, Chiara Bianchizza10, Miglė Paliukaite11, Colin Sims12, Dražen Vinscak13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1417

16 TRANSPORT iNfRASTRuCTuRe mANAgemeNT

TeN-T ROAd ANd RAil NeTwORk develOPmeNT iN weSTeRN bAlkANS ANd iTS fuTuRe SuSTAiNAbiliTyNerejda Hoxha, Nedim Begović . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1427

mANAgemeNT Of defeCTive wORkS iN iNfRASTRuCTuRe PROjeCTSEsat Gashi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1435

feASibiliTy Of iNTeRChANge CONSTRuCTiON PROjeCTS AlONg mOTORwAySAnastasios Mouratidis, Fotini Kehagia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1445

OveRview ON The mAiN RAilwAy liNkS iN SOuTheAST euROPeMathias Niedermaier, Ana Perić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1453

dividiNg iNveSTmeNTS iNTO SuSTAiNAble develOPmeNT Of RAilwAy TRANSPORT SySTem AS liNeAR PROgRAmmiNg PROblemVitalii Naumov, Hanna Vasiutina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1459

APPliCATiON Of bim TeChNOlOgy iN liNeAR CONSTRuCTiON PROjeCTSFilip Ruška, Zlata Dolaček-Alduk, Sanja Dimter2 , Martina Zagvozda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1469


CONTemPORARy APPROACh TO eNgiNeeRiNg eduCATiON iN The field Of TRANSPORTATiON iNfRASTRuCTuReSanja Dimter, Zlata Dolaček-Alduk, Ivana Barišić, Filip Ruška . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1475

RiSk mANAgemeNT iN TRANSPORT iNfRASTRuCTuRe PROjeCTSKsenija Čulo, Vladimir Skendrović . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1483

17 TuNNelS

RehAbiliTATiON TeChNiqueS fOR Aged RAilwAy TuNNelSMeho Saša Kovačević, Mario Bačić, Danijela Jurić Kaćunić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1491

mOdelliNg Of TuNNel liNiNg degRAdATiONMartin Závacký, Juraj Chalmovský, Jan Štefaňák, Lumír Miča, Petr Bílek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1499

mONiTORiNg Of lONg TeRm defORmATiONS iN bObOvA TuNNelMeho Saša Kovačević, Kenneth Gavin, Irina Stipanović Oslaković, Lovorka Librić, Nicola Rossi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1507

A NumeRiCAl STudy ON The effeCT Of PReSSuRe Relief iN A high-SPeed RAilwAy TuNNelSang Yeon Seo, Heesang Ha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1515

life CyCle mANAgemeNT mOdel fOR TuNNelSSandra Škaric Palić, Irina Stipanović, Meho Saša Kovačević, Kenneth Gavin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1525

18 uRbAN TRANSPORT

mAThemATiCAl mOdel Of meASuRemeNT Of POSiTive effeCTS ON The APPliCATiON Of eleCTRiCAl vehiCleS iN CiTy lOgiSTiCSCOmPARiSON Of The mOdelS fOR ANAlySiNg SigNAliZed iNTeRSeCTiONSDražen Cvitanić, Mario Maretić, Jure Zekan, Ivan Bošnjak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1541

PlATfORm iNfRASTRuCTuRe – iNflueNCe ON PASSeNgeR behAviOuRBernhard Rüger, Thomas Eigner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1549

dATA NeedS fOR lONg-TeRm uRbAN mObiliTy PlANNiNg: diffiCulTieS ObSeRved iN PRACTiCeSTakeru Shibayama, Martin Dan, Helmut Lemmerer, Mihaly Lados, Thomas Macoun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1557

TRAffiC mOdel fOR The TRAmwAy liNeS iN New CiTy CeNTRe Of bRATiSlAvATibor Schlosser, Peter Schlosser, Silvia Cápayová, Dominika Hodáková . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1565

AN APPliCATiON Of ANAlyTiC NeTwORk PROCeSS fOR evAluATiNg PubliC TRANSPORT SuPPly quAliTySarbast Moslem, Szabolcs Duleba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1573

imPACT Of exCluSive buS lANe ON uRbAN ARTeRiAl PeRfORmANCe meASuReSDeana Breški, Dražen Cvitanić, Daniela Dumanić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1579

POSSibiliTieS TO iNTROduCe A TOuRiST TRAm liNe iN The CiTy Of ZAgRebMarko Slavulj, Dino Šojat, Božo Radulović, Filip Sirovica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1587

eSTAbliShmeNT Of The CONgeSTiON ChARgiNg ZONe iN The CiTy Of dubROvNikMarko Šoštarić, Davor Brčić, Orsat Lale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1595

The ROle Of SmART mObiliTy iN SmART CiTieSDavor Brčić, Marko Slavulj, Dino Šojat, Julijan Jurak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1601

STReeT NeTwORk ANAlySiS bASed ON SubdiSTRiCTS Of budAPeSTAndor Háznagy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1607

ShARed SPACe CONCePT iN uRbAN AReASPredrag Brlek, Ljudevit Krpan, Davor Grgurević . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1615

ZAgReb meTRO PlANS – CuRReNT iSSueS ANd fuTuRe develOPmeNTSaša Ahac, Maja Ahac, Tea Cvitanović, Barbara Trupković . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1621

CONCePTuAl deSigN fOR eSTAbliShiNg TRAm iN The PubliC TRANSPORT iN SkOPjeZoran Krakutovski, Darko Moslavac, Zlatko Zafirovski, Stjepan Lakušić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1629

24

mObiliTy mANAgemeNT AT RheiNmAiN uNiveRSiTy – AN exAmPle fOR The STRATegiC imPlemeNTATiON Of mObiliTy mANAgemeNT AT uNiveRSiTieSMaximilian Birk, Sabrina Walther, Rudolf Eger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1635

evAluATiON Of diffiCulTy iN mAkiNg hOSPiTAl by eACh TRANSPORTATiON mOde iN dePOPulATed AReA – uSiNg NATiONAl heAlTh iNSuRANCe dATAYuma Morisaki, Makoto Fujiu, Junichi Takayama, Kiyoko Yanagihara, Tatsuya Niahino, Masahiko Sagae, Kohei Hirako . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1643

develOPmeNT Of iNTegRATed TRAffiC mANAgemeNT SCheme (iTmS)Stanislav Gorelov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1651

19 ROAd ANd RAil iNfRASTRuCTuRe – miSCellANeOuS

ReSTRiCTiONS Of uSiNg SPeedOmeTeR ReAdiNgS fOR deTeRmiNiNg vehiCle COlliSiON SPeedMichal Křižák, Albert Bradáč, Marek Semela, Roman Mikulec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1659

A STudy ON The TRANSPORTATiON mOde ChOiCe AfTeR New exTeNSiON Of high SPeed RAil iN jAPANGen Hayamizu, Makoto Fujiu, Junichi Takayama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1665

exPROPRiATiON Of lANd fOR The CONSTRuCTiON Of The “lOwlANd RAilwAy ZAgReb – RijekA”Damir Kontrec, Davor Rajčić . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1673

TeSTiNg Of biTumiNOuS PAvemeNT lAyeRS ReiNfORCed wiTh fibeRglASS gRidSJosef Holomek, Pavel Šperka, Jan Kudrna, Štěpán Bohuš, Jiří Sachr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1681

AuThOR iNdex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1689

uRbAN TRANSPORT 1629

CONCePTuAl deSigN fOR eSTAbliShiNg TRAm iN The PubliC TRANSPORT iN SkOPje

Zoran Krakutovski1, �arko Moslavac1, Zlatko Zafirovski1, Stjepan Lakušić2

1 University Sts. Cyril and Methodius, Faculty of Civil Engineering Skopje, Republic of Macedonia2 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Croatia

Abstract

Skopje is capital of Rep. of Macedonian with more than half million residents and the region of Skopje include more than six hundred thousand inhabitants. The demographic and so-cio-economic characteristics of this region require a good-quality and well-organized public transport systems that will accommodate a growing traffic demand and meet the criteria and objectives of sustainable urban development. The existing public transport in Skopje takes place only by buses managed by three operators. One of them is the property of City of Skopje, and two other represent associations of private bus companies operating smaller part of pu-blic transport. From an environmental sustainability point of view the City of Skopje and its surroundings is in a very vulnerable position considering its inland location surrounded by mountain ridges and strong seismic activities. Seasonal variations in climate and inversion phenomena reinforce the pollution from not always up to standard industrial emissions and an increasing traffic volume contributes heavily thereto. The socio-economic characteristics of the area are also typical for an urban area in transition with strong in-migration and da-ily commuting to jobs or for job seeking. All these specifics require introduction of a new environmentally sustainable public transport system in the city like a tramway (or light rail system). This paper provides a comprehensive elaboration of conceptual design of tram in-frastructure solutions in Skopje in several phases and alternatives for future development of this public transport system.

Keywords: transport planning, conceptual design, public transport, tram track, evaluation of alternatives

1 Introduction

This paper provides a comprehensive elaboration of conceptual design of tram infrastructu-re solution in Skopje in several alternatives for future development of this public transport system. The conceptual design of the new tram line in Skopje is carried out in collaboration with the Faculty of Civil Enginnering at the University of Zagreb, Croatia.

2 Geographic, administrative, demographic, socio-economic and traffic data for Skopje

Skopje is a capital city of Republic of Macedonia located in the North part of the country (Fig. 1) where live more than half million residents. In the Region of Skopje dwelling more than six hundred thousand inhabitants. City of Skopje is constituted with then municipalities, and the Region of Skopje has additional seven municipalities.

17–19 May 2018, Zadar, Croatia5th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure

�DII:� httpsI://doi.org/10.5592/CD/CEtrA.2018.945

https://doi.org/10.5592/CO/CETRA.2018.945

uRbAN TRANSPORT1630cetra 2018 – 5th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure

Figure 1 Location map of Skopje

The urban development of the city is carried out along the riverbed of Varadar. Skopje covers an area of 1818 km2, 23 km in longitude and 9km in latitude and is situated on altitude of 245 metres. City of Skopje and its surroundings is in a very vulnerable position considering its inland location surrounded by mountain ridges and strong seismic activities. The mountain Vodno (altitude of 1066 metres) is located to the southwest of the city.The dominant transport mode in the city is private cars with about 32 % of all trips in 2009, while the share of public transport drops from 34 % in 1999 to about 27 % in 2009 [1]. The rate of motorization increases regularly and it was 239 private cars per 1000 inhabitant in 2009 and 256 private cars per 1000 inhabitant in 2016 [2].

Figure 2 Public transport in the region of Skopje

The existing public transport in Skopje takes place only by buses managed by three operators. One of them is the property of City of Skopje – JSP, and two other represent associations of private bus companies operating smaller part of public transport. About 84 % of bus lines are owned by JSP, and 16 % by private carriers. The JSP dispoes with 430 buses which average age is 10,1 years. In 2015 the JSP transported 52 milion passengers and in 2016 it was about 46 milion passengers [3].

uRbAN TRANSPORT 1631cetra 2018 – 5th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure

3 New tram network in existing planning documents

The most important document concerning traffic issues is Transport Master Plan (TMP) which is produced for the needs of Skopje’s Spatial Urban Plan (GUP); the latest was carried out in 2010. The planned tram network is designed in the Feasibility Study of Tram in Skopje made in 2007 (Fig. 3). The concession potential of project for development and introduction of tramway system (or LRS) for passenger transport in the area of the City of Skopje was assessed in the Feasibility Study (FS) made in December 2010 [4]. The assessed passenger flow in 2010 in peak hour along the tram network is shown on the next picture (Fig. 4).

Figure 3 Planned tram network in Skopje in 2007

Figure 4 Estimated passenger flow in peak hour in 2010

The estimated infrastructure construction cost in this FS for about 24 km tram track with ca-tenary and depot is 75 mill.euro, for tram vehicles is 42 mill.euro, or in total is 117 mill.euro. The estimeted operational cost per year is about 8 mill.euro/year.

According to the traffic

assessments, it is evident that the first stage of development of Tram network (or LRS) in the City of Skopje should be foreseen along the route of Line 1 (Fig. 3).


4 Conceptual design of tram system

The Faculty of Civil Engineering Zagreb – University of Zagreb, Croatia and the Faculty of Ci-vil Engineering Skopje – University St. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia, have cooperated and studied development of this very important project for Skopje. The development of tram network in Skopje is envisaged to be built successively in four stages (Fig. 5). The conceptual design solutions of two variants of the construction of two-lane tramway tracks of Stage 1 are made according to the TMP and GUP of Skopje, located in the corridors of existing streets [5].

Figure 5 Development of urban railway public transport in Skopje in 4 stages

The tramway Line 1 extends from western to eastern part of the town (Fig. 3) starting in Saraj toward Lisice. Although the new tram infrastructure is preferable to locate them in a separate traffic corridor, the tramway tracks in Skopje are planned along the edge of the pedestrian corridor on the right carriageway of streets (Fig. 6). The reason for this is that the central part of the traffic corridor has been already occupied by underground installations and infrastructure. This layout of the track reduces the operational speed of the trams to an average of 14 km/h due to frequent conflicts in intersection zones. Therefore, in the elaboration of the concep-tual solutions, it was considered the possibility of separating the tram tracks from the rest of the motorized traffic. Thus, in the first two variants (A and B) the tracks are guided at the terrain level and the difference between them is just on the location of terminals at Lisice, while the third variant (C) foresees their placement in tunnel along the wider centre area. This design solution would increase the operating speed of tram at 40 km/h. The excavation of tunnels is planned to be made at a maximum depth of 20 m, taking in consideration the soil characteristics and depth of the existing pipelines and installations. The tramway depot with 2 transit tracks, 8 service tracks and 8 garage tracks is designed in Gorce Petrov near to the existing railway station. The applied horizontal curves are determined according to the pro-jected speed of the city roads within which the tramway route is foreseen, while the minimum applied radius in the intersection zones is 25 m.

uRbAN TRANSPORT 1633cetra 2018 – 5th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure

Figure 6 Cross section of tram lines at the street level

The minimum lengths of the transition curves – clothoid are defined according to the mini-mum length of the super-elevation ramp that meets the required safety and comfort require-ments. The transition curves are not applied in the case where a radii curve are greater than 2000 m, the S-curve, the curve with a small angular angle and the cross-curve. All applied tram switches are designed with an angle of α = 5.81° and a radius of R = 50 m. The ramps for entry and exit from the tunnel have longitudinal gradient of 35 ‰ (length 575 m) and 55 ‰ (length 365 m).

Table 1 Characteristics of variants analysed in conceptual design

Characteristics VariantA and B C

Total track length (km) 30 30Total track length in tunnels (km) 0 17Number of stops (one direction) 24 17Commercial speed (km/h) 14 22Travel time (one direction) (min.) 65 40Construction cost of tunnels (mill. euro) 0 261Total construction cost (mill. euro) 77 338Number of tram vehicles traveling per day 26 18Cost for tram vehicles (mill. euro) 52 36

The data shown in the table above give a good figure for the studied conceptual design so-lutions for tram Line 1. The variant C is more expensive because there are important portion of track in tunnels (more than 50 % of length), while the variants A and B need more tram vehicles because the travel time is higher than this in variant C. However, the construction cost of tunnel is very important and the reduction of number of vehicles is not compensating for the disparity between the costs of construction.


5 Conclusion

The demographic and socio-economic characteristics of Skopje City require a good-quality and well-organized public transport systems that will accommodate a growing traffic demand and meet the criteria and objectives of sustainable urban development. The socio-economic characteristics of the area are also typical for an urban area in transition with strong in-migra-tion and daily commuting to jobs or for job seeking. All these specifics require introduction of a new environmentally sustainable public transport system in the city like a tramway.The conceptual designs of tramway Line 1 are made for three variants A, B and C. The ali-gnments of tram line in the variants A and B are on the street level, while this one in variant C has more than 50 % of length in tunnel which increases considerably construction costs. The number of vehicles in variant A and B is less important of this in variant C, but the disparity of construction costs remains to be very significant. Hence, the optimisation of vertical ali-gnment design in variant C in longitudinal profile should be proceeded to reduce construction costs like the solution for the Light Rail System LRS line Metro Ouest in Lausanne [6].

References[1] IDOM: Transport master plan for greater Skopje, City of Skopje, 2011

[2] State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia: Transport and other services 2015, publication 2016

[3] JSP Skopje: Annual report on the operation of JSP Skopje for 2016, April 2017

[4] Gjorgjievski, K.: Potential for Tram in the City of Skopje, Vialto Consulting and EC Harris Presentation on 13 October 2011

[5] Ahac, M., Delić, M., Živić, M., Lakušić, S., Krakutovski, Z.: Integration of tram in urban transport system – conceptual design for the city of Skopje, Sabor Hrvatskih Graditelja 2016, Cavtat, pp. 429-439

[6] Transports Publics Lausanne : Metro Ouest, Publication 1991, p.43

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