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RNP established RNPe Making It Happen

Approach15 February 2015

Sheila Conway

COPYRIGHT © 2006 THE BOEING COMPANY COPYRIGHT 2015 THE BOEING COMPANY

Simultaneous Approach Operations

With ICAO’s rules Today:

ONLY ILS/MLS procedures allowed

Localizer intercept minimum 2 nm prior to Glide Slope intercept

1,000 ft vertical separation prior to Localizer intercept

• Uses High-side / Low-side

for Course alignment

Results in noisier, less efficient

profiles, particularly for low side

Extended finals to build

vertical separation

Extended down-winds

Excessive level flight, particularly

downwinds and low side final

Low/slow downwind and final

> HIGH FUEL BURN

Environmental Impact :

COMMUNITY NOISE,

CO2 EMISSIONS

RNP established (RNPe)

3 COPYRIGHT 2015 THE BOEING COMPANY

Overview

• RNPe: Simultaneous use of RNP

approaches in airspace with other approaches

• Ability to use curved RNAV segments

• A rigorous and comprehensive safety case

is key to implementation and new rules

• Boeing developed a unique safety case suite

used recently in Seattle Greener Skies RNPe

• New ICAO rules; 2016 (?) revisions of

PANS ATM and SOIR documents

Benefits

• Significant fuel burn and emissions savings

• Exploit natural noise corridors

• Avoid operational issues; e.g.

TCAS RA nuisance alerting

• ILS Critical Area protection not required

What is Needed:

• RNP-capable aircraft (Operational Authority)

• Properly Designed RNP procedures

• ATC Authority for Simultaneous Ops with RNP

• Otherwise similar today’s SOIR

• Surveillance (but potential improvement)

• Communications


RNPe Operational April 2015 :

RNAV (RNP) AR M 16L and 34R

published late 2014

ALL Transitions Available

“Simultaneous

[in]dependent approaches

may only be conducted where

instrument approach charts

specifically authorize

simultaneous approaches

to adjacent runways”

Growing Interest and Progress in RNPe

RNAV (RNP) Z

A “public”

procedure with

Authorization Required

o US progress and plans

• FAA Controller Handbook ILS/MLS limitation (since 7110.65U, 2012)

• Seattle –Dependent spacing – Boeing completed safety and operational

assessment, FAA approved Waiver; operational in April 2015

Estimated Annual Savings (from Alaska Airlines)

RNPe

Today’s Operations

• Fewer Track Miles

• Lower Fuel Burn

• Less Emissions

First Experiences & Expectations

• Direct noise over less

inhabited areas

• Reduces over flights in Seattle

• Aircraft are higher longer

• Idle descents

• Population Exposure Count:

• Typical Track = 239,000

• Flown Track =52,000


o US progress and plans

• FAA Controller Handbook ILS/MLS limitation (since 7110.65U, 2012)

• Seattle –Dependent spacing – Boeing completed safety and operational

assessment, FAA approved Waiver; operational in April 2015

• Denver – Widely-spaced, Independent -

TCAS assessment and collision risk for AR procedures

• Atlanta - Fleet mix and alternate PBN specifications – TCAS, wake

encroachment and collision risk assessment for AR procedures


o US progress and plans – FAA plans operations beginning 2Q 2015

o Many other RNPe opportunities worldwide

Over 100 runways pairs at more than 60 airports could benefit

AMS CDG FCO JNB NRT SIN

ARN CGK FLL KIX ORD SLC

ATH CGN HEL KUL OSL STL

ATL CLT HKG LAX PDX SZX

AUH CTU HND LHR PEK TPA

BCN CVG HNL MAD PHL TPE

BKK DEL IAD MCO PHX XIY

BOS DEN IAH MEM PIT YUL

BRU DFW ICN MIA PMI YVR

BWI DTW JED MSP PVG YYZ

CAN JFK SCL


o US progress and plans – FAA plans operations beginning 2Q 2015

o Many other RNPe opportunities worldwide

o ICAO : Drafting Operational Authority for PANS ATM and SOIR

• Replacing RADAR with technology-agnostic surveillance

• Replacing ILS/MLS with “precision approach”

• Airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS):

Designing out of Nuisance RA’s

• Removal of “parallel” in some of the language -

• Allowing RNP during Simultaneous Operations, if:



35R

17L

35L

17R

NTZ B

610 m (2 000’)

The NTZ extends from the nearer runway

threshold to the point where vertical

separation is reduced

FAF

Runway Spacing

A

NOZ

C

The NOZ extends from the runway threshold to

the point where aircraft

are established

on the centre line

NOZ

C

FAF

RNP

E

RNP

D

any combination of instrument

approaches including:

1) a precision approach

2) an RNP AR APCH procedure, if:

a. the RNP (D and E) does not exceed

¼ of the distance between

runway centerlines (A), and

b. the RNP is equal to or less than NOZ (C)

3) an APV procedure with RNP segments that do

not meet 2)a and b above, provided that

a. the safety provided by the performance

and operational error mitigation are

satisfactorily demonstrated, and

b. the designated APV is demonstrated to

protect the NTZ from infringement during

normal operations to avoid nuisance

alerting

ICAO: Design Guidance for Simultaneous Use

Necessary

Safety Assessment

FAF


Modeling Based on

PBN Specifications

• Collision Risk

• TCAS

Nuisance

Alerts

• Wake

TCAS Frequency

Non-Normal Wake

Encounter Frequency

Normal Wake

Encounter frequency

Non-normal

Collision Risk

Total Collision

Risk

Safety Case

Elements

Comprehensive RNPe Assessment

Safety resulting

from Atypical

Residual Risk

• Integrity

• Availability

• Failure mode

Analyses

Normal Collision

Risk

Normal

Analyses

Non-Normal

Analyses

Nuisance TCAS

Frequency

Total Wake Encounter Frequency

Historical Data

Airp

lane F

light

Manual

PB

N M

an

ua

l

Safety Assessed

from Normal and

Non-Normal

(Atypical) Risks

COPYRIGHT 2015 THE BOEING COMPANY


AIR TRAFFIC ELEMENTS

• RNP AR APPROACH DESIGN

RNP specifications (PANS OPS)

Track design to meet environmental goals

Compatibility with other approaches in RNPe

Collision Risk

TCAS Nuisance Alert Rate

Wake Encroachment Avoidance

• ATC AUTHORIZATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS USE

Operational System and Environment

Description (OSED)

Operational Performance Assessment (OPA)

Based on Required Performance, RNP AR

Operational Safety Assessment (OSA)

Based on Hazard Identification and Mitigation

• FACILITY PREPARATION

ATC Policy and Procedures Document

ATC Training

Surveillance Display Mapping

RNPe: Making It Happen







Collision Risk





Description (OSED)







ATC Training


AIRLINE/AIRPLANE ELEMENTS

• RNP AR Operations Authorization:

Requirements (e.g. AMC 20-26, AC90-101A)

RNP AR FOSA

Air Carrier Operational Application

Flight Crew Training

Database Management

• DATABASE MANAGEMENT

• FLEET MANAGEMENT








Collision Risk





Description (OSED)







ATC Training


AIRLINE/AIRPLANE ELEMENTS

• RNP AR Operations Authorization:

Requirements (e.g. AMC 20-26, AC90-101A)

RNP AR FOSA

Air Carrier Operational Application

Flight Crew Training

Database Management

• DATABASE MANAGEMENT

• FLEET MANAGEMENT


ENHANCEMENTS

• Finalizing ICAO Guidance

• New NTZ alerting for curved approaches

• RNPe design guidelines for

RNP AR transitions TO ILS AND GLS

• Vertical or Lateral Separation

for Nearby Airports or Converging Runways

• Sequence and Spacing Tool ??


Thank You


Collision Risk (NMAC frequency)

Performance

Modeling

for Collision

Fault tree of

causes Event tree of

mitigations

Resultant Risk from BOTH

Normal and Faulted Conditions per PBN Specifications


Eliminating TCAS Nuisance Alerts by Design

Fast-time

Performance

Models

When

Design and

Operations

Simulations

to Explore

TCAS activity

Where


Wake Encroachment Modeling

Design and Operations

Simulations to Verify

Defined RNP Values

Limit Exposure to

Wake Region Encroachment

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