rna by the numbers - qiagen · rabies 180x80 nm ssrna/11 kb paramyxoviridae measles 150 nm ssrna/14...
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RNA by the numbers
RNA distribution in a typical mammalian cell1
80–90% 10–15% 3–7% 0.03–0.2% 0.1–1% 3–10 x 107 3–10 x 106 3–10 x 105 3–50 x 103
1–5 x 105 2–3 x 105 1–3 x 103 3–20 x 104
tRNA
rRNA
IncRNAmRNA
snRNA snoRNAmiRNA7SL
RNA by numberof molecules
RNA by mass
rRNA
tRNA
mRNAIncRNAOther ncRNA
1 Palazzo AF and Lee ES (2015) Non-coding RNA: what is functional and what is junk? Front. Genet. 6:2.
10–35 µg10–60 µg25 µg25–60 µg3 µg
Cell line(1 x 106 cells)
Mammalian tissue(10 mg)
Human blood(1 ml)
Yeast(1 x 107 cells)
Plant(100 mg leaves)
Average yield of total RNA from various sources#
# Please consider that the yield of RNA may vary depending on species, developmental stage, growth conditions and
treatment of the starting material.
Most common human RNA viruses2
Picornaviridae
Hepatitis A virus,Poliovirus
30 nmssRNA/8 Kb
Genome
Rhabdoviridae
Rabies180X80 nm
ssRNA/11 Kb
Paramyxoviridae
Measles150 nm
ssRNA/14 Kb
Retroviridae
HIV-1120 nm
ssRNA/10 Kb
Spikes
Coronaviridae
SARS120 nm
ssRNA/29 Kb
Flaviviridae
Hepatitis C virus50 nm
ssRNA/10 Kb
Flaviviridae
Dengue virus,Zika virus
50 nmssRNA/11 Kb
Filoviridae
Ebola virus80X970 nm
ssRNA/19 Kb
Reoviridae
Rotavirus80 nm
dsRNA/18 Kb
Orthomyxoviridae
In�uenza virus100 nm
ssRNA/12 Kb
2 http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/5216.html
RNA conversions
Mass to Molesmoles ssRNA = mass of ssRNA (g)/molecular weight of ssRNA (g/mol) where, 1 g/mol = 1 Da (dalton)
Mass to MoleculesssRNA copy number = moles of ssRNA x Avogadro’s Number where, Avogadro’s Number = 6.022 x 1023 molecules/mol (see above to calculate moles ssRNA from mass)
* MW of a single-stranded RNA molecule = (# of bases) x (340 daltons/base)
RNA sizes and molecular weights – Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
mRNA tRNA 5S rRNA 16S rRNA 23S rRNA 28S rRNA
75–3000 75–90 ~120 ~1500 ~2900 4500–5500
2.5 x 104–106
2.3–3.0 x 104 ~4.1 x 104 ~5.1 x 105 ~9.9 x 105
~1.7 x 106
RNA Nucleotides Molecular weight (daltons)*
E. coli
RNA Nucleotides Molecular weight (daltons)*
Human mRNA tRNA 5S rRNA 16S rRNA 23S rRNA 28S rRNA
~1900 75–90 ~120 ~160 1800–1900 4500–5500
~6.6 x 105
2.3–3.0 x 104 ~4.1 x 104 ~5.4 x 104 ~6.4 x 105
~1.7 x 106