RIZALRIZAL•WHO MADE JOSE RIZAL OUR WHO MADE JOSE RIZAL OUR FOREMOST NATIONAL HERO, FOREMOST NATIONAL HERO, AND WHY? (by: Esteban A. de AND WHY? (by: Esteban A. de Ocampo)Ocampo)•Jose Rizal- the greatest hero Jose Rizal- the greatest hero and martyr of our nationand martyr of our nation•The day of his birth and the The day of his birth and the day of his executionday of his execution•His name and picturesHis name and pictures•Monuments and streets nameMonuments and streets name

•His name bear in educational His name bear in educational institutions, societies and institutions, societies and trade namestrade names

•Filipinos and foreigners Filipinos and foreigners named Rizal or Rizalinanamed Rizal or Rizalina

•Laws, executive orders and Laws, executive orders and Proclamations of the Chief Proclamations of the Chief ExecutiveExecutive

•His teachings and thoughts His teachings and thoughts quoted by authorsquoted by authors

•Rafael Palma said: “ The Rafael Palma said: “ The doctrines of Rizal are not for one doctrines of Rizal are not for one epoch but for all epochs. They are epoch but for all epochs. They are as valid today as they were as valid today as they were yesterday…”yesterday…”

•Why is Rizal our greatest national Why is Rizal our greatest national hero?hero?

•HEROHERO

-A prominent or central personage -A prominent or central personage taking an admirable part in any taking an admirable part in any remarkable action or event.remarkable action or event.

• A hero is a person of A hero is a person of distinguished valor or enterprise distinguished valor or enterprise in danger, or fortitude in in danger, or fortitude in suffering.suffering.

•A hero is a man honored after A hero is a man honored after death by public worship, death by public worship, because of exceptional service because of exceptional service to mankind.to mankind.

•Why is Rizal a hero?Why is Rizal a hero?- He took an admirable part in the - He took an admirable part in the

propaganda movement which roughly propaganda movement which roughly covered the period from 1882-1896.covered the period from 1882-1896.

• If you were to pick out a single work If you were to pick out a single work by a Filipino writer during this era by a Filipino writer during this era which, more than any other writing, which, more than any other writing, contributed tremendously to the contributed tremendously to the formation of Filipino nationality, which formation of Filipino nationality, which one would it be?one would it be?

• Rizal’s NOLI ME TANGERERizal’s NOLI ME TANGERE• Antonio Ma. Regidor ( a Filipino exile Antonio Ma. Regidor ( a Filipino exile

in London of 1872), said that “ the in London of 1872), said that “ the book was superior” and that “if Don book was superior” and that “if Don Quijote has made its author immortal Quijote has made its author immortal becausehe exposed the worldthe becausehe exposed the worldthe sufferings of Spain, your Noli Me sufferings of Spain, your Noli Me Tangere will bring you equal glory…..”Tangere will bring you equal glory…..”

•Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt: Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt: “Your work, as we Germans say, “Your work, as we Germans say, has been written with the blood has been written with the blood of the heart….Your work has of the heart….Your work has exceeded my hopes and I exceeded my hopes and I consider myself happy to have consider myself happy to have been honored with your been honored with your friendship. Not only I, but also friendship. Not only I, but also your country, may feel happy for your country, may feel happy for having in you a patriotic and having in you a patriotic and loyal son. If you continue so, youloyal son. If you continue so, you

will be to your people one of will be to your people one of those men who will exercise a those men who will exercise a determinative influence over determinative influence over the progress of their spiritual the progress of their spiritual life.”life.”

•Attackers of Noli:Attackers of Noli:

- A Faculty Committee of a A Faculty Committee of a Manila universityManila university

- Permanent Censorship Permanent Censorship Commission in 1887Commission in 1887

•Sen. Fernando VidaSen. Fernando Vida•Deputy Luis M. de PandoDeputy Luis M. de Pando•Premier Praxedes Mateo Premier Praxedes Mateo

SagastaSagasta•Congressman Henry Allen Congressman Henry Allen

Cooper of Wisconsin recited Cooper of Wisconsin recited the Ultimo Pensamiento on the the Ultimo Pensamiento on the floor of the United States floor of the United States House of representatives in House of representatives in order to prove the capacity of order to prove the capacity of the Filipinos for self-the Filipinos for self-government.government.

• Cooper: “ It has been said Cooper: “ It has been said that, if American institutions that, if American institutions had done nothing else than had done nothing else than furnish to the world the furnish to the world the character of George character of George Washington, that alone would Washington, that alone would entitle them to the respect of entitle them to the respect of mankind. So, Sir, I say to all mankind. So, Sir, I say to all those who denounce the those who denounce the Filipinos indiscriminately as Filipinos indiscriminately as barbarians and savages, without barbarians and savages, without possibility of a civilized future, possibility of a civilized future, that this despisedthat this despised

race proved itself entitled to their race proved itself entitled to their respect and to the respect of respect and to the respect of mankind when it furnished to the mankind when it furnished to the world the character of Jose Rizal”world the character of Jose Rizal”

•Philippine Bill of 1902 was Philippine Bill of 1902 was approvedapproved

•Why did Rizal become the greatest Why did Rizal become the greatest Filipino hero?Filipino hero?

•No Filipino has yet been born who No Filipino has yet been born who could equal or surpass Rizal as “a could equal or surpass Rizal as “a person of distinguished valor or person of distinguished valor or enterprise in danger, or fortitude enterprise in danger, or fortitude in suffering.”in suffering.”

•Who made Rizal the foremost Who made Rizal the foremost hero of the Philippines?hero of the Philippines?

- Rizal himself, his own people, - Rizal himself, his own people, and the foreigners all and the foreigners all together contributed to make together contributed to make him the greatest hero and him the greatest hero and martyr of his people.martyr of his people.

VENERATION WITHOUT VENERATION WITHOUT UNDERSTANDINGUNDERSTANDING

BY: RENATO CONSTANTINOBY: RENATO CONSTANTINO

National Revolution- National Revolution- represents a peak of represents a peak of achievement to which the achievement to which the minds of minds of

men return time and again in men return time and again in reverence and for a renewal reverence and for a renewal of faith in freedom.of faith in freedom.

- It is invariably the one period - It is invariably the one period in a nation’s history when the in a nation’s history when the people were most united,people were most united,

most involved, and most most involved, and most decisively active in the fight decisively active in the fight for freedom.for freedom.

Washington-USAWashington-USA

Soviet union-LeninSoviet union-Lenin

Latin America- BolivarLatin America- Bolivar

Sun Yat Sen, Mao Tse-Tung- Sun Yat Sen, Mao Tse-Tung- ChinaChina

Ho Chi Minh- VietnamHo Chi Minh- Vietnam

- Rizal placed himself against Rizal placed himself against Bonifacio and those Filipinos Bonifacio and those Filipinos who were fighting for the who were fighting for the country’s liberty.country’s liberty.

- He served for SpainHe served for Spain

as doctoras doctor

- His manifesto of December - His manifesto of December 15, 1896:15, 1896:

“ “From the very beginning, From the very beginning, when I first had noticed of when I first had noticed of what was being planned, I what was being planned, I opposed it, fought it, and opposed it, fought it, and demonstrated its absolute demonstrated its absolute impossibility…”impossibility…”

- The Philippine Revolution - The Philippine Revolution has always been has always been overshadowed by the overshadowed by the omnipresent figure and the omnipresent figure and the towering reputation of Rizal.towering reputation of Rizal.

- Because Rizal took no part - Because Rizal took no part in that Revolution and in fact in that Revolution and in fact repudiated it, the general repudiated it, the general regard for our revolution is regard for our revolution is not as high as it otherwise not as high as it otherwise would be.would be.

- An American-Sponsored Hero- An American-Sponsored Hero

- The sponsorship took two - The sponsorship took two forms:forms:

1.1.Encouraging a Rizal cultEncouraging a Rizal cult

2.2.Minimizing the importance of Minimizing the importance of other heroesother heroes

- Governor William Howard - Governor William Howard Taft (1901) suggested Taft (1901) suggested

the Philippine Commission that the Philippine Commission that the Filipinos be given a national the Filipinos be given a national hero.hero.

Aguinaldo- too militantAguinaldo- too militant

Bonifacio- too radicalBonifacio- too radical

Mabini- unregenerateMabini- unregenerate

Passage of the ff acts:Passage of the ff acts:

1.1.Act No.137-organized the Act No.137-organized the politico-military district “the politico-military district “the province of Rizal”province of Rizal”

2.2.Act No.243-authorized a public Act No.243-authorized a public subscription for the erection of a subscription for the erection of a monument.monument.